CANCER

Global Vision Dr Madhuri

What Is Cancer?

What is ‘ Cancer’

Healthy Cells• Cells represent the smallest,

functional unit of our existence which contains cytoplasm and a nucleus (i.e. metabolism, reproduction, day to day functions)

• Cells have a specialized function depending on their location in the body.

• Cells grow, replicate and repair body organs.

• The genetic material (DNA/RNA) and your immune system regulate this process.

Different Types of Cells• Blood cells• Muscle cells (smooth,

striated, cardiac)• Nerve cells• Bone cells• Cartilage cells• Liver (hepa) cells

Define Cancer

• Cancer is a term used to describe a large group of diseases that are characterized by a cellular malfunction. Healthy cells are programmed to “know what to do and when to do it”. Cancerous cells do not have this programming and therefore grow and replicate out of control. They also serve no physiological function. These cells are now termed a neoplasm.

This neoplasmic mass often forms a clumping of cells known as a tumor.

Loss of Normal Growth Control

Cancer cell division

Fourth orlater mutation

Third mutation

Second mutation

First mutation

Uncontrolled growth

Cell Suicide or Apoptosis

Cell damage—no repair

Normal cell division

Example of Normal Growth

Cell migration

Dermis

Dividing cells in basal layer

Dead cells shed from

outer surface

Epidermis

The Beginning of Cancerous Growth

Underlying tissue

Invasion and Metastasis

3Cancer cells reinvade and grow at new location

1Cancer cells invade surrounding tissues and blood vessels

2Cancer cells are transported by the circulatory system to distant sites

Malignant versus Benign Tumors

Malignant (cancer) cells invade neighboring tissues, enter blood vessels, and metastasize to different sites

Time

Benign (not cancer) tumor cells grow only locally and cannot spread by invasion or metastasis

Common Cancer Types

Bladder Cancer

Bladder Cancer Lung Cancer

Bladder Cancer Lung CancerBreast Cancer

Bladder Cancer Lung CancerBreast Cancer Melanoma

Bladder Cancer Lung CancerBreast Cancer MelanomaColon and Rectal Cancer

Bladder Cancer Lung CancerBreast Cancer MelanomaColon and Rectal CancerNon-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Bladder Cancer Lung CancerBreast Cancer MelanomaColon and Rectal CancerNon-Hodgkin LymphomaEndometrial Cancer

Bladder Cancer Lung CancerBreast Cancer MelanomaColon and Rectal CancerNon-Hodgkin LymphomaEndometrial Cancer Pancreatic Cancer

Bladder Cancer Lung CancerBreast Cancer MelanomaColon and Rectal CancerNon-Hodgkin LymphomaEndometrial Cancer Pancreatic CancerKidney (Renal Cell) Cancer

Bladder Cancer Lung CancerBreast Cancer MelanomaColon and Rectal CancerNon-Hodgkin LymphomaEndometrial Cancer Pancreatic CancerKidney (Renal Cell) Cancer Prostate Cancer

Bladder Cancer Lung CancerBreast Cancer MelanomaColon and Rectal CancerNon-Hodgkin LymphomaEndometrial Cancer Pancreatic CancerKidney (Renal Cell) Cancer Prostate CancerThyroid CancerAND

Leukemia

I help you to have cancer

Causes

InheritedRisk FactorsEnvironmental Factors

Common environmental factors leading to cancer death include: 

tobacco (25-30%)

Common environmental factors leading to cancer death include: 

tobacco (25-30%)

diet and obesity (30-35%)

Common environmental factors leading to cancer death include: 

tobacco (25-30%)

infections (15-20%)

diet and obesity (30-35%)

Common environmental factors leading to cancer death include: 

tobacco (25-30%)

infections (15-20%)

diet and obesity (30-35%)

RadiationStress

lack of physical activityenvironmental pollutants

HOME

OUTCOME OF CHOICES

WASH AND SCRUB WITH

THEM

BRUSH THEM ON

OUR TEETH

PAINT THEM ON OUR NAILS

BATH WITH THEM

TRACK IN FROM OUR YARDS AND

STREETS

WE SPRAY THEM

HOME IS THE PLACE WHERE WE FEEL SAFEST, BUT IN MOST HOMES TOXINS ARE EVERYWHERE.

62 TOXIC CHEMICALS ARE IN THE AVERAGE HOME!

TOXIC CHEMICALS IN HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS ARE 3 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO CAUSE CANCER THAN OUTDOOR AIR.

‘RED ALERT’ Signs &

Symptoms

Cancer Detection and Diagnosis

Early Cancer May Not Have Any Symptoms

DIAGNOSIS

• Self examinations• Clinical examinations• Screening• Biopsy• X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, and

ultrasound scans • Molecular diagnostic test

Cervical Cancer Screening

Abnormal Pap smear

Normal Pap smear

Breast Cancer Screening

Prostate and Ovarian Cancer Screening

Thought of the Day If you don’t ‘FIND’ time… For Today’s Fitness…..!!

THEN….

Probably You are ‘SAVING’ that time… For Tomorrow’s Sickness………!!

Dietary and Lifestyle Changes to Help Prevent Cancer

What Causes Cancer?

Non-modifiableGenetics Environmental

ModifiableLifestyle Diet

Our Focus!

Modifiable Risk Factors

– Lifestyle– Diet

Up to 1/3 of cancers can be avoided with a nutritious diet, maintenance of a healthy weight, and an active lifestyle

Optimize your diet!

1. Plant-based foods2. Limit red and processed meats3. Avoid grilling and frying foods4. Limit alcohol5. Avoid Tobacco6. Limit exposure to carcinogen

Plant-based DietsHigh in fruits, vegetables, nuts, beans, etc.

Dietary fiberVitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, and antioxidantsLow in total and saturated fat

Benefits of Dietary FiberSpeeds up digestionEliminates cancer compounds from the bodyChanges the bacteria in the gut to good bacteriaGetting enough fiber can reduce the risk of:

Colorectal cancerBreast cancerSome head/neck cancers

Whole GrainsLegumesVegetablesFruitsRecommendations:

Men: 32g per dayWomen: 25g per day(14g of dietary fiber per 1,000

calories daily)

Sources of Fiber

Benefits of Vitamins and Phytonutrients

• Act as antioxidants in the bodyAntioxidants:

Reduce cells that damage the bodyControl cell growth and death

These compounds may be protective against:

Breast cancerProstate cancerColon cancer

Bladder cancerLung cancerEsophageal cancer

Sources of Vitamins and Phytonutrients• Vitamin A: liver, eggs, dairy• ß-carotene: carrot, sweet-potato,

pumpkin, dark leafy green vegetables

• Vitamin E: vegetable oils, nuts, leafy green vegetables, sweet potatoes, carrots, and tomatoes

• Vitamin C: citrus fruits, broccoli, cabbage

• Recommendations:– 2 cups of fruit daily– 2.5 to 3 cups of vegetables daily

Benefits of Consuming a Low Diet

Low intakes of saturated fat may prevent inflammationInflammation is often associated with cancer development

Increased waist circumference and body weight (obesity) may increase the risk of developing:Colon cancerBreast cancerMultiple myeloma

Optimize your diet!

1. Plant-based foods2. Limit red and processed meats3. Avoid grilling and frying foods4. Limit alcohol

Limit Red and Processed MeatsSome processed

meats may contain carcinogens

Recommendations: Eat less than 18

ounces of red meat a week to reduce cancer risk

Red meats: Hamburgers, steak, lamb roast, pork chops

Processed meats: Smoked/cured/salted meat, meat with added preservatives such as hotdogs, bacon, salami, sausage

Optimize your diet!

1. Plant-based foods2. Limit red and processed meats3. Avoid grilling and frying foods4. Limit alcohol

Avoid Grilling and Frying Foods!

• Cancer causing compounds are produced when animal products are grilled or fried

• Chemicals formed when fat drips off the meat into flames

• Try to replace grilling and frying with baking, steaming, or boiling!

Optimize your diet!

1. Plant-based foods2. Limit red and processed meats3. Avoid grilling and frying foods4. Limit alcohol

Limit Alcohol Consumption• May damage DNA, increasing the risk of cancer• High alcohol consumption is associated with:

– Head and neck cancer– Mouth cancer– Pharynx/Larynx cancer

• Recommendations:• Men: 2 drinks per day• Women 1 drink per day

Esophagus cancerBreast cancerLiver cancer

Optimize your diet!

1. Plant-based foods2. Limit red and processed meats3. Avoid grilling and frying foods4. Limit alcohol5. Avoid Tobacco6. Limit exposure to carcinogen

Optimize your diet!

1. Plant-based foods2. Limit red and processed meats3. Avoid grilling and frying foods4. Limit alcohol5. Avoid Tobacco6. Limit exposure to carcinogen

Industrial Pollution

1930

Incidence of Most Cancers

Year199019701950

Protect Yourself From Excessive Sunlight

LIMIT RADIATION USE• Avoid CT Scans as they have been linked to progression of

cancer• Avoid EMF’s (electromagnetic field)– Electronics– Power Lines– Modems– appliances

MINERAL OIL (LIQUID PETROLEUM)IS A BY PRODUCT OF PETROLEUM AND IS KNOWN TO INCREASE THE RISK OF

CANCER.

*THESE CHEMICALS SLOWLY POISON US THROUGH REPEATED USE!!!

Avoid COSMETICS containing• Formaldehyde• Parabens• phthalates (endocrin

disrupting preservatives)

*100 unique chemicals in every day personal products .

Microwave Popcorn- Diaacetyl

Non-Organic Food- Pesticides

Canned Food- Bisphenol-A or BPA

Processed Meat- Numerous Chemicals and preservatives

Potato Chips- Articial Flavors & preservatives

Hydrogenated Oil

Sugars- High fructose corn syrup

Diet Food

Highly salted or fried or pickled food

Summary

•There are many causes of cancer•Some causes can be changed•Diet is a modifiable risk factor•With these small steps, you can help reduce your risk of cancer-causing agents!

THINK AGAIN

THANK YOU