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MACROKNOW INTELLIGENCE SPECIFICATIONSMACROKNOW UNCERTAINTY AND TERRORISM ALERT INDICES

UNCERTAINTY AND TERRORISM ALERT DATABASE

Worksheets Indices

Category Index Leading Indicator Threat Level Codes

ute ut Global -- --

Moral -- --Economic

--

we1-3 -- -- --

** Up to 3 major world events per day, drawn from the World Events (we) databases.

Copyright © 2001-2003 by Macroknow Inc. All Rights Reserved.

WORLD EVENTS DATABASESWorksheet Chronology Data Series

Year Granularity Update Frequency

we-1 2001 -- 1 Day Weekly/Daily*

we-2 2002 References, Links 1 Day Weekly/Daily*

we-3 2003 References, Links 1 Day Weekly/Daily*


PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION TABLESWorksheet Probability Distribution Tables

Category Years Type of Tables Data Array Data Intervals (Bins)

Uncertainty Indices

Leading Indicator of Potential Catastrophic Violence

Orange (Extreme Economic Uncertainty)

Terrorism Alert Indices

10-Day Terrorism Threat Level

Leading Indicator of Potential Terrorism

Green (Low Risk), Blue, Yellow, Orange, Red (Severe Risk)


Leading Indicator of Potential Terrorism




Major World Events

* The update frequency for the utx data series is weekly. Daily updates are not guaranteed, but will be performed as often as possible. Scheduled and unscheduled maintenance may disrupt the update schedule.

Major World Events

Education/Research Resources

19 Events, Venues

163 Events, Venues

150 Events, Venues, as at 16-Apr-03

* The update frequency for the we1, we2, and we3 data series is weekly. Daily updates are not guaranteed, but will be performed as often as possible. Scheduled and unscheduled maintenance may disrupt the update schedule.

pa Complete

pb Abridged

* Starting 21-Apr-01.** Ending on the last day of the last elapsed month.Copyright © 2001-2003 by Macroknow Inc. All Rights Reserved.MKI-45053

Terrorism Alert

2001*, 2002, 2003**, 2001*-2003*

30-Day Terrorism Alert Index

61=26 GREEN, 4 BLUE, 7 YELLOW, 8 ORANGE, 16 RED

2001*, 2002, 2003**, 2001*-2003*

30-Day Terrorism Alert Index

4=GREEN, BLUE, YELLOW, ORANGE, RED

UNCERTAINTY AND TERRORISM ALERT DATABASE

Data Series Range

Type Granularity Rolling Window Start Date End Date

Percent 1 Day 30-Day Weekly/Daily* 1-Apr-01 6-May-23

Percent 1 Day 30-Day Weekly/Daily* 1-Apr-01 6-May-23Percent, Color 1 Day 30-Day Weekly/Daily* 1-Apr-01 6-May-23

Value, Color 1 Day 10-Day Weekly/Daily* 21-Apr-01 6-May-23

Value, Color 1 Day 30-Day Weekly/Daily* 21-Apr-01 6-May-23

Value, Color 1 Day 60-Day Weekly/Daily* 21-May-01 6-May-23

1 Day -- Weekly/Daily* 1-Mar-01 6-May-23

WORLD EVENTS DATABASESRange

Start Date End Date

1-Apr-01 31-Dec-01

1-Jan-02 31-Dec-02

1-Jan-03 6-May-23

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION TABLESProbability Distribution Tables

Granularity Statistics Rolling Window

Update Frequency

Events, Venues; References, Links

. Daily updates are not guaranteed, but will be performed as often as possible. Scheduled and unscheduled maintenance may disrupt the

. Daily updates are not guaranteed, but will be performed as often as

Tables Update Frequency

1-Day 30-Day Monthly

1-Day 30-Day Monthly

Frequency (Days), Probability Density, Prob(x<X), Prob(x>=X)

Frequency (Days), Probability Density, Prob(x<X), Prob(x>=X)

ute Macroknow Uncertainty and Terrorism Alert Indices Copyright © 2001-2003 by Macroknow Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Uncertainty Indices % Terrorism Alert Indices10-Day 30-Day 60-Day

Date Global Moral Eco. Index Code Index Code Index Code Venue14-Mar-03 87.8% 92.8% 85.4% -0.0331 O -0.0012 Y -0.0019 Y Washington, DC

15-Mar-03 87.8% 92.6% 85.4% -0.0101 Y -0.0005 Y -0.0024 Y Beijing, China

16-Mar-03 O -0.0225 Y -0.0137 Y

17-Mar-03 R -0.0234 Y -0.0210 Y

18-Mar-03 O -0.0151 Y -0.0150 Y Baghdad, Iraq

19-Mar-03 87.3% 91.9% 84.7% -0.0345 O -0.0215 Y -0.0180 Y Washington, DC

20-Mar-03 87.0% 91.5% 84.5% -0.0547 O -0.0317 O -0.0137 Y Iraq

21-Mar-03 87.0% 91.4% 84.1% -0.0701 R -0.0380 O -0.0216 Y Baghdad, Iraq

22-Mar-03 86.9% 91.1% 84.0% -0.1045 R -0.0450 O -0.0230 Y Worldwide23-Mar-03 87.0% 91.6% 83.9% -0.0651 O -0.0438 O -0.0246 Y

Sample listing of Uncertainty and Terrorism Alert indices for the time period from 14-Mar-03 through 14-Apr-03, including the War on Iraq.

The Azores, Portugal

United Nations, New York, NY

Nadimarg, Indian Administered Kashmir

24-Mar-03 87.0% 91.6% 83.8% -0.0930 R -0.0524 O -0.0239 Y

25-Mar-03 86.6% 91.2% 83.2% -0.1287 R -0.0637 O -0.0318 O

26-Mar-03 86.5% 91.2% 83.3% -0.0777 R -0.0551 O -0.0347 O

27-Mar-03 86.6% 91.3% 83.3% -0.0669 O -0.0495 O -0.0377 O Iraq

28-Mar-03 87.0% 91.3% 84.2% -0.0406 O -0.0257 Y -0.0290 Y

29-Mar-03 86.7% 91.2% 84.3% -0.0247 Y -0.0320 O -0.0269 Y Boston, MA

30-Mar-03 86.2% 90.6% 83.6% -0.0503 O -0.0602 O -0.0294 Y Palestine

31-Mar-03 86.2% 90.6% 84.0% -0.0068 Y -0.0510 O -0.0266 Y Iraq

1-Apr-03 86.4% 90.3% 84.5% 0.0296 G -0.0359 O -0.0229 Y Washington, DC

2-Apr-03 86.3% 90.3% 84.7% 0.0496 G -0.0295 Y -0.0222 Y

3-Apr-03 86.6% 90.4% 85.0% 0.0692 G -0.0190 Y -0.0227 Y

4-Apr-03 86.5% 90.2% 84.2% 0.0592 G -0.0265 Y -0.0360 O Baghdad, Iraq

Kavamu and Musenyi, Burundi

Damascus, Syria; Beirut, Lebanon; Khartoum, Sudan

Al-Shaab, Baghdad, Iraq

Shula, Baghdad, and Northeast of Basra, Iraq; Kuwait City, Kuwait

Camp Sayliya, Qatar


5-Apr-03 86.3% 89.9% 83.8% 0.0305 G -0.0379 O -0.0308 O Baghdad, Iraq

6-Apr-03 86.3% 90.2% 83.5% 0.0103 B -0.0474 O -0.0330 O Dibagah, Iraq

7-Apr-03 86.3% 89.8% 83.6% -0.0308 O -0.0435 O -0.0302 O Baghdad, Iraq

8-Apr-03 86.7% 90.2% 84.3% 0.0022 B -0.0190 Y -0.0250 Y Baghdad, Iraq

9-Apr-03 86.6% 89.0% 84.4% 0.0491 G -0.0186 Y -0.0215 Y Baghdad, Iraq

10-Apr-03 86.8% 89.0% 84.7% 0.0416 G -0.0118 Y -0.0188 Y Kirkuk, Iraq

11-Apr-03 86.8% 89.2% 84.2% -0.0186 Y -0.0312 O -0.0204 Y

12-Apr-03 86.9% 88.9% 85.1% 0.0222 B 0.0022 B -0.0110 Y Baghdad,Iraq

13-Apr-03 86.6% 88.8% 85.0% 0.0023 B -0.0072 Y -0.0042 Y Washington, DC

14-Apr-03 86.4% 89.0% 84.7% 0.0298 G -0.0133 Y -0.0069 Y


Kirkuk, Mosul, and Baghdad, Iraq

Tikrit, Iraq; Pentagon, Washington, DC


Major World Event Row Venue182

192

193

202 Washington, DC

215

President Bush Declares War Against Iraq. 217 Persian Gulf

230

242 Washington, DC

Global Antiwar Protest. 250

252 Nasiriyah, Iraq

Concern Mounts About the Alleged Role of a "Cabal" Intent on Manipulating American Foreign Policy in Israel's Interest. The Allegation Is Denied by Colin Powell.

Hu Jintao, an Engineer, and Chief of China's Communist Party, Elected President of China.

The Azores Summit: President Bush, Prime Minister Blair, and President Aznar Conclude that March 17, 2003 Is "A Moment of Truth for the World."

Kyoto, Osaka, and Shiga, Japan

France Opposes any Ultimatum or Automatic Authorization of Force in Any New U.N. Resolution Aimed at Iraq [1].

President Saddam Hussein Rejects President George Bush's Ultimatum to Leave Iraq or Face War.

U.S. and British Forces Attack More than 100 Iraqi Targets Using About 700 Aircraft. The Forces Also Launch About 50 Tomahawk Missiles Against Targets in Baghdad.

New York, Chicago, Boston, San Francisco, USA; Athens, Greece; Milan, Rome, Italy; Berlin, Stuttgart, Cologne, Munich, Hanover, Germany; Madrid, Spain; Cairo, Egypt; Dhaka, Bangladesh; Calcutta, India; Seoul, Korea; Melbourne, Australia; etc.

Mohammed Said Al-Sahhaf, Iraq's Information Minister, Accuses President George Bush of Targeting Civilians. He Calls the U.S. Administration "Criminals . . . a Superpower of Villains."

Gunmen Massacre 24 Hindus in Indian-Administered Kashmir.

More Than 68 Rebels Are Killed in Burundi. 258 Baghdad, Iraq

276 New York, NY

Iraq: U.S, Missiles Kill 14 Civilians in a Market in Baghdad. 279 USA

301 Cairo, Egypt

304 Iraq

323

325

332 Jakarta, Indonesia

340 U.S.A.

348 Davao, Philippines

356 Washington, DC

364 Baghdad, Iraq

Hundreds of Thousands Protest Against U.S.-British Invasion of Iraq.

U.S.-led Coalition Aircraft Fly Around 1,500 Sorties Against Iraq. Many Are Aimed at the Medina and Hammurabi Republican Guard Divisions.

Baghdad: U.S. Missile Kills at Least 55 Civilians and Wounds More than 47 in the Al-Nasser Market [1] [2]. U.S. and Coalition Air Attacks Blast 9 Ba'ath Party Hangouts Northeast of Basra and Kill 200 Ba'ath Members and Paramilitary Leaders [3].

Around the World, Tens of Thousands Protest Against the War on Iraq. About 25,000 People Protest in Boston.

Palestinian Islamic Jihad Sends the First Group of Suicide Bombers to Kill American and British Soldiers in Iraq. More than 4000 Palestinian Volunteers Join Iraqi Forces [1]. And Tens of Thousands of Iraqis Volunteers Vow to Fight Anglo-American Invaders [3].

Jakarta, Indonesia; Calcutta, India; Rabat Morocco;

More Than 300,000 Coalition Troops Are Deployed for Combat, Including More Than 100,000 Inside Iraq. Since The Beginning of 'Operation Iraqi Freedom', More Than 700 Tomahawk Missiles Have Been Fired and More Than 8,000 Precision Guided Munitions Have Been Dropped by Coalition Forces [1].

U.S. Air Force Gen. Richard Myers Is Annoyed with Critics of the War Plan [1].

U.S. Forces Claim to Have Destroyed a Key Division of Iraq's Republican Guard.

Many at the UN Are Increasingly Alarmed at Possible Plans by the U.S. Government to Take Over, Unilaterally, Iraq's Government, Iraq's Oil Industry, and Iraq's Finances.

U.S. Army Occupies Part of Saddam International Airport, Kills At Least 320 Iraqi Soldiers [1-4]. About 2,500 Republican Guards Surrender to U.S. Marines [4-5]. Iraqi Preacher Denies U.S. Airport Stories, Denounces Western Media [6].

381

394

397 Washington, DC

407 Baghdad, Iraq

416 New York, NY

429 Washington, DC

440

447

464 Baghdad, Iraq

466 Bethesda, MD

U.S. Central Command: Elements of the 3rd Infantry Division Move Through Downtown Baghdad [1]. U.S. Marines Confront Egyptians, Jordanians, and Sudanese Who Are Fighting Against U.S. Forces [1]. Senior Iraqi Officials Deny U.S. Claims, Continue to Defy U.S. Forces [2]. Full Encirclement of Baghdad Escapes Coalition Forces [3].

Islamabad, Pakistan

U.S. Coalition Air Forces Launch 850 Sorties, Including 600 Strike Missions; 70% of Munitions Are Precision-Guided [1]. U.S. Warplane Bombs Kurdish-American Convoy, Kills 18 Kurds, and Injures More than 45 [2-3].

British Forces Invade Basra, Tolerate Lawlessness and Looting [3].

U.S. Troops Occupy Saddam Hussein's Republican Palace in Baghdad [1-3]. U.S. Makes Another Attempt at Decapitating Iraqi Leadership [3]. Decapitation Attempt Fails [4]. Iraqis Continue to Defi the U.S.-led Invasion [5].

U.S. Forces Move Into Baghdad. Small Crowds and Looters Welcome Them [1-3]. In Basra, British Forces Allow Impoverished Looters to Get Away with Looting [4]. Thousands of Kurds Cheer U.S. Advance in Sulaimanyah [5].

U.S. Forces and Kurdish Guerrillas Capture Kirkuk. U.S. Forces Secure 300 Oil Wells. Kurdish Jubilation Is Counterbalanced by Turkish Alarm. Ethnic Tensions Escalate Between Arabs, Kurds, and Turkmens. A Suicide Bomber Wounds 4 U.S. Marines in Baghdad. [1-2]

Liberated Kurds Loot Kirkuk [1]. Looting Beset Liberated Mosul [2]. Frenzied Looting and Mayhem Rule Liberated Baghdad [3]. 'Liberated' Mobs Loot and Burn Iraq's Central Bank [4-5].

General Amer Hammoudi al-Saadi, Iraq's Chief Scientist, Gives Himself Up Voluntarily to U.S. Forces. Al-Saadi Denies Iraq Possesses Chemical or Biological Weapons [1-3]. Al-Saadi Is No. 55 on the Iraqi Top 55 Most Wanted List 4-6].

Rome, Italy; Barcelona, Spain; London, UK; Paris, France; Berlin, Germany; Seoul, Korea; and Dhaka, Bangladesh

Anti-Globalization Activists Protest Against Policies of the World Bank and the IMF [1].

U.S. Forces Occupy Tikrit, Saddam Hussein's Hometown [1-2]. They Receive No Jubilant Welcome from Tikrit Residents [3]. Looters Loot the Tikrit Presidential Palace [4].

For Education/Research References and Links, Click the Appropriate "we" Tab Below.

Major World Event Row Venue

Third World Water Forum. 195

205 Washington, DC

228

233 Washington, DC

243

U.S. and British Forces Start Suffering Serious Casualties. 255

Chicago, IL; Valley Forge National Historical Park, PA: Washington, DC; Portland, OR

President George Bush Gives an Ultimatum to President Saddam Hussein: "Saddam Hussein and His Sons Must Leave Iraq Within 48 Hours" or Suffer "Military Conflict."

About 300,000 US and British Military Forces Are Ready for a Massive Attack on Iraq.

Ramallah, West Bank

Hundreds of Thousands of Antiwar Protesters Vent Their Anger and Frustration Around the Globe.

U.S. Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld Lists the Primary Aims and Objectives of "Operation Iraqi Freedom": (1) To Defend the American People; (2) To Eliminate Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction; (3) To Liberate the Iraqi People.

New York, NY; Tokyo, Japan; Frankfurt am Main, Germany

261

278

283 Washington, DC

303

313 New York, NY

329

337 New York, NY

343 Montreal, Canada

Bomb Kills at Least 15 People. Terrorism Suspected. 351

360

371 USA, UK, Australia

President Saddam Hussein Addresses the Iraqi Nation. The Address Is Calculated to Rally Iraqi Forces and to Destabilize, Both Psychologically and Physically, U.S.-Led Coalition Forces.

New York, NY; Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The Conference Board's Consumer Confidence Index Continues to Fall.

U.S. Debt, Including Home Equity Debt, Reaches Alarming Levels.

About 20,000 Rally in Tahrir Square, Cairo, in Solidarity with the Iraqi People.

Iraqis Are Resisting Ferociously 'Operation Iraqi Freedom.' U.S. and British Forces Are Having To Face "The Nightmare of Urban Guerilla" [1].

More Than 200,000 in Jakarta [1] [2], About 150,000 in Rabat, and About 150,000 in Calcutta Protest Against the Anglo-American War on Iraq [3].

Hamzah Haz, Indonesia's Vice President, Supports Dropping the U.S. Dollar in Favor of the Euro - for Economic, Not Political Reasons.

The New York Times Exposes How Very Rich Individuals and Corporations Use a Legal Insurance Loophole, Originally Designed to Help Farmers, to Earn Tax-Free Profits.


U.S. Senate Approves About $80 Billion Bill, Including About $63 Billion to Pay for the War on Iraq.

President Saddam Hussein Is Cheered by Crowds in Baghdad [1-3].

392

400 Pyongyang, DPRK

413

425 Washington, DC

435

454 Washington, DC

465

472

The U.S. Rewards President Gen. Pervez Musharraf for His Support of Washington's War on Terrorism by Forgiving $1 Billion in Pakistani Debt.

U.S. Rejects International Court for War Crimes in Favor of a Two-Track System Involving Both Iraqi Courts and U.S. Military Tribunals [1].

U.S. Coalition Forces Bomb Two Arab TV Offices and the Palestine Hotel, Which Is a Base for Foreign Journalists in Baghdad [1-2].

World Market Indices Tumble. DJIA down 100.98 to 8197.94. NASDAQ 100 down 22.78 to 1023.52.

The World Bank and the IMF Want the Backing of their Shareholders Before Proceeding With Funds and Loans for Iraq [1]. There Is an Opportunity for the IMF to Help With the Management of Iraq's External Debt and Tax System [2]

Hundreds of Thousands Protest Against War on Iraq. Half a Million Protest in Rome, and More than 200,000 Protest in Barcelona [1]. Tens of Thousands Rally in Paris [1-2]. More than Ten Thousand Protest in Washington [3]. About 12,000 Protested in Berlin [4]. About 50,000 Protest in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and About 4,000 Protest in Seoul [5].

Iraqis Protest Against Attempts by the U.S. to Set Up a Military or "Foreign" Government. Protesters Accuse U.S. Forces of Being Concerned Only with Oil [1].

International Consortium Completes Human Genome Project (HGP) [1-2].

Washington, DC; Beirut, Lebanon

For Education/Research References and Links, Click the Appropriate "we" Tab Below.

30-DayMajor World Event Date G B Y O R Threshold

14-Mar-03 3

15-Mar-03 3

16-Mar-03 3

17-Mar-03 3

18-Mar-03 3

19-Mar-03 3

20-Mar-03 4

21-Mar-03 4

22-Mar-03 423-Mar-03 4

Tens of Thousands Protest Against a Possible War on Iraq.

The U.S. National Threat Level Is Raised from an Elevated Risk (Yellow) to a High Risk (Orange) of Terrorist Attack.

Yasser Arafat, Head of the Palestinian Authority, Offers Mahmoud Abbas the Post of Prime Minister.

U.S. Treasury Department Seizes $1.4 Billion in Iraqi Money [3].

War on Iraq Is a Boon to Markets. Except for Hang Seng, All Major World Indices Surge. DJIA up 235.37 to 8521.97. NIKKEI 225 up 144.01 to 8195.05. DAX up 110.21 to 2715.06.

24-Mar-03 4

25-Mar-03 4

26-Mar-03 4

27-Mar-03 4

28-Mar-03 3

29-Mar-03 4

30-Mar-03 4

31-Mar-03 4

Air Canada Files for Bankruptcy Protection. 1-Apr-03 4

2-Apr-03 3

3-Apr-03 3

4-Apr-03 3

Saddam Hussein's Address to the Iraqi Nation, and Intense Iraqi Resistance to the Anglo-American Invasion Shakes Confidence Off Markets. All Major World Indices Tumble.

Richard N. Perle Resigns from His Post as Chairman of the Defense Policy Board [1]. He Will, However, Continue to Serve on the Board [12].

UN Security Council Approves Adjustments to UN's Oil-for-Food Program [1]. Iraq Rejects the Program [2].

U.S. Market Indices Tumble. DJIA down 153.64 to 7992.13. NASDAQ 100 down 28.06 to 1018.66.

World Indices Soar. DJIA up 215.20 (2.67%) to 8285.06. NASDAQ Composite up 48.42 (3.59%) to 1396.72. DAX up 139.16 (5.68%) to 2589.35.

According to International Law Experts, Political and Military Leaders in the U.S., Britain, and Australia Could Be Prosecuted for War Crimes [1-2].

5-Apr-03 4

6-Apr-03 4

7-Apr-03 4

8-Apr-03 3

IMF Issues World Economic Outlook. 9-Apr-03 3

10-Apr-03 3

11-Apr-03 4

World Bank and IMF Annual Spring Meeting [1]. 12-Apr-03 2

13-Apr-03 3

14-Apr-03 3

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea Accuses the U.S. of Being "the Kingpin of State Terrorism" [1].

U.S. Administration Issues Warnings to Syria [1]. Syria Is Perplexed. Defiant Hizbullah Is Prepared for the Worst [2].

ut Macroknow Uncertainty and Terrorism Alert IndicesUncertainty Indices % Terrorism Alert Indices

10-Day 30-Day 60-DayDate Global Moral Eco. Index Code Index Code Index Code Threshold

1-Aug-01 90.4% 78.2% 97.0% 0.0234 B 0.023 B 0.0205 B G 0.025 5

2-Aug-01 90.3% 78.7% 96.3% -0.0394 O 0.003 B 0.0165 B B 0 6

3-Aug-01 90.5% 79.7% 96.6% 0.0209 B 0.025 B 0.0136 B Y -0.03 7

4-Aug-01 91.0% 80.3% 96.9% 0.0258 G 0.033 G 0.0107 B O -0.07 85-Aug-01 90.8% 79.7% 97.1% 0.0298 G 0.033 G 0.0172 B R 9

6-Aug-01 90.7% 80.0% 97.3% 0.0269 G 0.038 G 0.0269 G 7-Aug-01 92.0% 82.2% 97.4% 0.0330 G 0.042 G 0.0250 G 8-Aug-01 92.7% 84.1% 97.5% 0.0177 B 0.036 G 0.0272 G 9-Aug-01 93.5% 85.9% 97.8% 0.0385 G 0.031 G 0.0295 G 10-Aug-01 93.2% 84.9% 97.6% 0.0345 G 0.045 G 0.0160 B 11-Aug-01 93.4% 85.3% 97.4% 0.0212 B 0.036 G 0.0118 B 12-Aug-01 93.4% 85.4% 97.5% 0.0685 G 0.033 G 0.0130 B 13-Aug-01 93.5% 85.4% 97.4% 0.0460 G 0.025 G 0.0214 B 14-Aug-01 93.4% 85.5% 97.2% 0.0161 B 0.031 G 0.0091 B 15-Aug-01 93.0% 83.7% 97.0% -0.0017 Y 0.024 B 0.0090 B 16-Aug-01 92.4% 83.3% 96.6% -0.0415 O 0.006 B 0.0077 B 17-Aug-01 92.2% 83.0% 95.9% -0.0880 R -0.016 Y 0.0018 B 18-Aug-01 91.7% 82.9% 95.3% -0.1249 R -0.031 O 0.0001 B 19-Aug-01 92.4% 83.6% 95.7% -0.1205 R -0.024 Y 0.0051 B 20-Aug-01 91.5% 81.7% 95.3% -0.1300 R -0.030 O -0.0007 Y21-Aug-01 91.7% 81.9% 95.6% -0.1022 R -0.019 Y 0.0040 B 22-Aug-01 91.3% 80.8% 95.2% -0.1330 R -0.035 O 0.0054 B 23-Aug-01 93.0% 84.0% 96.0% -0.0819 R -0.005 Y 0.0037 B 24-Aug-01 92.9% 83.9% 95.7% -0.0821 R -0.013 Y 0.0009 B 25-Aug-01 93.2% 85.5% 95.5% -0.0900 R -0.021 Y -0.0032 Y26-Aug-01 93.1% 84.9% 95.4% -0.0659 O -0.027 Y 0.0045 B 27-Aug-01 93.1% 84.8% 95.5% -0.0254 Y -0.027 Y 0.0095 B 28-Aug-01 92.0% 82.5% 94.7% -0.0371 O -0.048 O -0.0030 Y29-Aug-01 91.8% 82.0% 94.7% -0.0543 O -0.045 O -0.0087 Y30-Aug-01 91.4% 80.7% 94.8% -0.0313 O -0.042 O -0.0083 Y31-Aug-01 92.1% 82.0% 95.3% -0.0159 Y -0.032 O -0.0048 Y1-Sep-01 92.6% 82.8% 95.7% 0.0310 G -0.011 Y -0.0040 Y2-Sep-01 92.5% 82.3% 95.8% -0.0120 Y -0.016 Y 0.0043 B 3-Sep-01 91.9% 81.7% 95.6% -0.0100 Y -0.025 Y 0.0040 B 4-Sep-01 91.7% 81.4% 95.0% -0.0296 Y -0.040 O -0.0036 Y5-Sep-01 91.7% 81.5% 94.8% -0.0359 O -0.048 O -0.0051 Y6-Sep-01 90.8% 79.4% 94.4% -0.0611 O -0.058 O -0.0079 Y7-Sep-01 91.0% 78.1% 94.0% -0.0395 O -0.067 O -0.0155 Y8-Sep-01 89.7% 75.4% 93.0% -0.0969 R -0.091 R -0.0299 Y9-Sep-01 90.0% 76.0% 93.3% -0.0879 R -0.083 R -0.0192 Y10-Sep-01 89.7% 75.8% 93.0% -0.1314 R -0.083 R -0.0238 Y11-Sep-01 89.5% 75.4% 93.0% -0.1551 R -0.086 R -0.0261 Y12-Sep-01 89.1% 75.3% 92.6% -0.1833 R -0.092 R -0.0336 O13-Sep-01 88.2% 73.0% 92.7% -0.1667 R -0.086 R -0.0275 Y14-Sep-01 88.6% 74.3% 92.5% -0.1382 R -0.086 R -0.0311 O15-Sep-01 88.7% 75.4% 92.0% -0.1607 R -0.088 R -0.0408 O

MACROKNOW INTELLIGENCE was developed by Dr. Edward E. Ayoub after 11-Sep-01. The retrospective application of MKI shows that the Terror Alert code was GREEN or BLUE until 14-Aug-01. The Terror Alert Code switched from ORANGE to RED on 17-Aug-01 and remained RED until 25-Aug-01. The Terror Alert code switched again to RED on 8-Sep-01. The chilling forecast for the 7-day time period ending 15-Sep-01 is shown at tabs t1a and t1b.

16-Sep-01 88.6% 75.9% 92.1% -0.1339 R -0.073 R -0.0446 O17-Sep-01 88.2% 74.9% 92.3% -0.0946 R -0.057 O -0.0438 O18-Sep-01 87.5% 73.7% 91.9% -0.0656 O -0.072 R -0.0482 O19-Sep-01 87.6% 74.8% 91.7% -0.0876 R -0.069 O -0.0496 O20-Sep-01 88.2% 76.2% 92.0% -0.0594 O -0.069 O -0.0441 O21-Sep-01 88.1% 76.1% 92.6% -0.0205 Y -0.048 O -0.0414 O22-Sep-01 85.9% 73.1% 90.7% -0.1084 R -0.101 R -0.0531 O23-Sep-01 87.3% 74.3% 92.1% -0.0337 O -0.070 R -0.0418 O24-Sep-01 86.5% 72.1% 91.9% -0.0345 O -0.067 O -0.0440 O25-Sep-01 86.1% 71.5% 91.7% -0.0194 Y -0.072 R -0.0494 O26-Sep-01 86.6% 72.3% 92.0% -0.0027 Y -0.066 O -0.0463 O27-Sep-01 86.8% 72.7% 92.2% -0.0054 Y -0.047 O -0.0473 O28-Sep-01 86.7% 73.0% 92.4% 0.0265 G -0.045 O -0.0454 O29-Sep-01 87.4% 74.7% 92.4% 0.0399 G -0.045 O -0.0437 O30-Sep-01 86.3% 73.6% 91.5% -0.0308 O -0.074 R -0.0531 O1-Oct-01 85.0% 71.7% 90.7% -0.1122 R -0.096 R -0.0535 O2-Oct-01 84.5% 71.1% 90.7% -0.0010 Y -0.098 R -0.0568 O3-Oct-01 84.6% 71.1% 91.2% -0.0506 O -0.084 R -0.0545 O4-Oct-01 84.4% 71.0% 92.0% 0.0025 B -0.057 O -0.0486 O5-Oct-01 84.3% 70.4% 91.9% 0.0122 B -0.056 O -0.0519 O6-Oct-01 85.2% 72.0% 92.0% 0.0009 B -0.045 O -0.0517 O7-Oct-01 85.6% 72.7% 93.1% 0.0460 G -0.018 Y -0.0426 O8-Oct-01 85.2% 73.4% 93.0% 0.0385 G 0.000 Y -0.0454 O9-Oct-01 83.9% 71.6% 92.6% 0.0114 B -0.012 Y -0.0476 O10-Oct-01 83.8% 70.9% 92.7% 0.0706 G -0.007 Y -0.0449 O11-Oct-01 84.0% 70.7% 92.6% 0.1114 G -0.007 Y -0.0464 O12-Oct-01 84.1% 70.1% 93.1% 0.1412 G 0.011 B -0.0409 O13-Oct-01 85.1% 72.0% 93.2% 0.1154 G 0.010 B -0.0380 O14-Oct-01 85.5% 72.6% 93.9% 0.1117 G 0.027 G -0.0297 YCopyright © 2001-2003 by Macroknow Inc. All Rights Reserved.


MACROKNOW INTELLIGENCE was developed by Dr. Edward E. Ayoub after 11-Sep-01. The retrospective application of MKI shows that the Terror Alert code was GREEN or BLUE until 14-Aug-01. The Terror Alert Code switched from ORANGE to RED on 17-Aug-01 and remained RED until 25-Aug-01. The Terror Alert code switched again to RED on 8-Sep-01. The chilling forecast for the 7-day time period ending 15-Sep-01 is shown at tabs t1a and t1b.

t1aControls

From 21-Apr-01 1-Apr-01 21-Apr-01 21-May-01

Terror Alert Indices 1-Day Transitions To 8-Sep-01 14-Apr-03 14-Apr-03 14-Apr-03

Date10-D 30-D 60-D 10-D 30-D 60-D

Days 141 744 724 694

1-Apr-01 R -- -- -- -- RR -- -- See 7-Day Terror Alert Forecast at t1b.

2-Apr-01 R -- -- -- -- RR -- -- 10-D 141

3-Apr-01 R -- -- -- -- RY -- -- Copyright © 2001-2003 by Macroknow Inc. All Rights Reserved.

4-Apr-01 Y -- -- -- -- YB -- -- Table 1 1-Day Transition Frequency Matrix5-Apr-01 B -- -- -- -- BB -- -- 10-D G B Y O6-Apr-01 B -- -- -- -- BB -- -- G 41 10 8 0

7-Apr-01 B -- -- -- -- BY -- -- B 9 4 2 3

8-Apr-01 Y -- -- -- -- YG -- -- Y 8 1 12 8

9-Apr-01 G -- -- -- -- GG -- -- O 0 2 6 5

10-Apr-01 G -- -- -- -- GG -- -- R 0 1 1 3

11-Apr-01 G -- -- -- -- GG -- -- Total 58 18 29 19

12-Apr-01 G -- -- -- -- GG -- --

13-Apr-01 G 1-Day Transition Probability Matrix14-Apr-01 G 10-D G B Y O15-Apr-01 G G 69.5% 16.9% 13.6% 0.0%16-Apr-01 G B 50.0% 22.2% 11.1% 16.7%

17-Apr-01 G Y 27.6% 3.4% 41.4% 27.6%

18-Apr-01 G O 0.0% 10.5% 31.6% 26.3%

19-Apr-01 G R 0.0% 6.3% 6.3% 18.8%

20-Apr-01 G21-Apr-01 G22-Apr-01 G 2-Day Transition Probability Matrix23-Apr-01 G 10-D G B Y O24-Apr-01 G G 60.5% 16.0% 16.9% 6.6%

25-Apr-01 G B 48.9% 15.6% 19.1% 11.2%

26-Apr-01 G Y 32.3% 9.8% 30.0% 19.2%

27-Apr-01 G O 14.0% 8.2% 24.5% 23.3%28-Apr-01 G R 4.8% 7.9% 13.5% 20.6%

29-Apr-01 G30-Apr-01 Y G -- -- YO GG --

1-May-01 O G -- -- OR GG -- 3-Day Transition Probability Matrix2-May-01 R G -- -- RO GG -- 10-D G B Y O3-May-01 O G -- -- OR GG -- G 54.7% 15.1% 19.1% 9.1%

4-May-01 R G -- -- RR GG -- B 47.0% 13.9% 20.1% 11.8%

5-May-01 R G -- -- RR GB -- Y 35.6% 11.3% 24.5% 16.6%

6-May-01 R B -- -- RO BG -- O 20.6% 9.4% 22.2% 19.9%

7-May-01 O G -- -- OY GG -- R 11.0% 8.5% 16.9% 20.4%

8-May-01 Y G -- -- YO GB --9-May-01 O B -- -- OY BG --

Terror Alert Transition Probabilities

Selected Sequence

10-D Data Series

30-D Data Series

60-D Data Series

Terrorism Alert Index

10-D Transitions

MACROKNOW INTELLIGENCE was developed by Dr. Edward E. Ayoub after 11-Sep-01. The retrospective application of MKI shows that the Terror Alert Code would have been RED as early as 8-Sep-01. The 7-day forecast on 8-Sep-01, for the time period ending 14-Sep-01, indicates that the most probable Threat Level for 11-Sep-01 would have also been RED.

10-May-01 Y G -- -- YG GG -- 4-Day Transition Probability Matrix11-May-01 G G -- -- GG GG -- 10-D G B Y O12-May-01 G G -- -- GB GB -- G 50.8% 14.4% 20.0% 10.5%

13-May-01 B B -- -- BY BB -- B 45.2% 13.4% 20.4% 12.3%

14-May-01 Y B -- -- YG BG -- Y 37.1% 11.9% 22.2% 15.3%

15-May-01 G G -- -- GG GB -- O 25.1% 10.2% 21.0% 18.2%

16-May-01 G B -- -- GY BB -- R 16.6% 9.2% 18.6% 19.5%17-May-01 Y B -- -- YY BB --

18-May-01 Y B -- -- YO BY --19-May-01 O Y -- -- OY YY -- 5-Day Transition Probability Matrix20-May-01 Y Y -- -- YY YY -- 10-D G B Y O21-May-01 Y Y B YY YY BB G 48.0% 13.9% 20.4% 11.5%

22-May-01 Y Y B YG YY BB B 43.8% 13.2% 20.5% 12.7%23-May-01 G Y B GB YY BB Y 37.9% 12.1% 21.2% 14.7%

24-May-01 B Y B BO YY BB O 28.3% 10.7% 20.6% 17.1%

25-May-01 O Y B OO YO BB R 21.3% 9.8% 19.4% 18.6%26-May-01 O O B OB OY BB

27-May-01 B Y B BG YY BB28-May-01 G Y B GG YB BB 6-Day Transition Probability Matrix29-May-01 G B B GG BB BG 10-D G B Y O30-May-01 G B G GG BB GG G 45.9% 13.5% 20.5% 12.1%

31-May-01 G B G GG BG GG B 42.7% 13.0% 20.5% 13.0%1-Jun-01 G G G GB GB GG Y 38.2% 12.3% 20.8% 14.4%2-Jun-01 B B G BG BB GB O 30.7% 11.2% 20.4% 16.3%

3-Jun-01 G B B GG BB BB R 25.0% 10.3% 19.8% 17.7%

4-Jun-01 G B B GG BG BG5-Jun-01 G G G GG GB GB6-Jun-01 G B B GY BY BB 7-Day Transition Probability Matrix7-Jun-01 Y Y B YY YB BB 10-D G B Y O8-Jun-01 Y B B YY BB BB G 44.3% 13.3% 20.5% 12.6%

9-Jun-01 Y B B YY BB BB B 41.8% 12.9% 20.5% 13.3%

10-Jun-01 Y B B YG BG BG Y 38.4% 12.3% 20.6% 14.2%

11-Jun-01 G G G GG GG GG O 32.6% 11.4% 20.3% 15.8%

12-Jun-01 G G G GG GG GB R 28.0% 10.8% 20.0% 16.9%Copyright © 2001-2003 by Macroknow Inc. All Rights Reserved.

STATUS

8-Sep-01 R 5

See 7-Day Terror Alert Forecast at t1b.

14

R Total Probability0 59 41.8%0 18 12.8%0 29 20.6%6 19 13.5%

11 16 11.3%17 141 100%

23

R Total

0.0% 100%

0.0% 100%

0.0% 100%

31.6% 100%

68.8% 100%

32

R Total

0.0% 100%

5.3% 100%

8.7% 100%

30.0% 100%

53.2% 100%

41

R Total

2.1% 100%

7.1% 100%

12.1% 100%

28.0% 100%

43.1% 100%

Last Day of Sequence

10-D Threat Level Code

Estimated probability distribution for the 10-D Terror Alert Index for 09-Sep-01: G=0.0% B=6.3% Y=6.3% O=18.8% R=68.8%. Estimates based on 141 transitions.

50

R Total

4.3% 100%

8.6% 100%

13.5% 100%

25.5% 100%

36.1% 100%

59

R Total

6.3% 100%

9.8% 100%

14.1% 100%

23.3% 100%

31.0% 100%

68

R Total

7.9% 100%

10.8% 100%

14.3% 100%

21.4% 100%

27.2% 100%

77

R Total

9.3% 100%

11.5% 100%

14.4% 100%

19.9% 100%

24.2% 100%

t1bControls

From 21-Apr-01 1-Apr-01 21-Apr-01 21-May-01To 8-Sep-01 14-Apr-03 14-Apr-03 14-Apr-03

Days 141 744 724 694

10-D 141

7-Day Forecast for Terror Alert IndexDay Date G B Y O

1 8-Sep-01 0% 0% 0% 0%

2 9-Sep-01 0.0% 6.3% 6.3% 18.8%3 10-Sep-01 4.8% 7.9% 13.5% 20.6%4 11-Sep-01 11.0% 8.5% 16.9% 20.4%5 12-Sep-01 16.6% 9.2% 18.6% 19.5%6 13-Sep-01 21.3% 9.8% 19.4% 18.6%

7 14-Sep-01 25.0% 10.3% 19.8% 17.7%


7-Day Forecast for Terror Alert Index - Input Specified at t1a

Selected Sequence

10-D Data Series

30-D Data Series

60-D Data Series

Terrorism Alert Index

10-D Transitions

MACROKNOW INTELLIGENCE was developed by Dr. Edward E. Ayoub after 11-Sep-01. The retrospective application of MKI shows that the Terror Alert Code would have been RED as early as 8-Sep-01. The 7-day forecast on 8-Sep-01, for the time period ending 14-Sep-01, indicates that the most probable Threat Level for 11-Sep-01 would have also been RED.

7-S

ep-0

1

8-S

ep-0

1

9-S

ep-0

1

10-S

ep-0

1

11-S

ep-0

1

12-S

ep-0

1

13-S

ep-0

1

14-S

ep-0

1

15-S

ep-0

1

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%Probability of Terrorism Alert Codes

G B Y O R

STATUS

8-Sep-01 R 5 t1a!

R Row

100%68.8% 23

53.2% 32

43.1% 41

36.1% 50

31.0% 59

27.2% 68

Last Day of Sequence

Threat Level Code Data Source

SheetEstimated probability distribution for the 10-D Terror Alert Index for 09-Sep-01: G=0.0% B=6.3% Y=6.3% O=18.8% R=68.8%. Estimates based on 141 transitions.

MACROKNOW INTELLIGENCE was developed by Dr. Edward E. Ayoub after 11-Sep-01. The retrospective application of MKI shows that the Terror Alert Code would have been RED as early as 8-Sep-01. The 7-day forecast on 8-Sep-01, for the time period ending 14-Sep-01, indicates that the most probable Threat Level for 11-Sep-01 would

we3

DATES VENUE EVENT1-Mar-03 Ankara, Turkey

1-Mar-03

2-Mar-03 Karachi, Pakistan

3-Mar-03

4-Mar-03

4-Mar-03 New York, NY

5-Mar-03 Haifa, Israel

5-Mar-03 U.S.A.

5-Mar-03 Paris, France

2003 WORLD EVENTS

Turkey's Parliament Refuses to Allow U.S. to Use Turkey as a Base in a Possible War on Iraq.

Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, Al Qaeda Chief of Operations, Is Arrested. Khalid is on the FBI's list of "most wanted terrorists."

Sample listing from the MKI WORLD EVENTS database for the time period from 1-Mar-03 through 1-May-03. The listing includes a chronology of the War on Iraq, plus references and education/research links.

Massive Rally of the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal Against War in Iraq. 3.5 million participate in the rally [1].

El-Bureij Refugee Camp, Gaza Strip

Israeli Defense Forces Kills 8 Palestinians, Injures 24, and Blow Up Houses.

Davao International Airport and Tagum City, Philippines

Davao Bomb Explosions Kill 23 and Wound at Least 137.

DJIA Down 132.99 to 7704.87. The DJIA YTD % Change is -7.63%.

Suicide Bomber Kills 15, Wounds More than 40 in Haifa, Israel.

"Books Not Bombs!": Thousands of Students Participate in the National Student Strike Against War on Iraq.

France, Russia, and Germany Will Block a War Resolution Against Iraq in the U.N. Security Council. France opts for a multipolar approach regarding international rule of law.

6-Mar-03


7-Mar-03 Washington, DC


Jabalia Refugee Camp, Gaza Strip

Israeli Defense Forces Attack Palestinian Refugee Camp, Kill 11, Injure 140, and Destroy and Damage Homes.

Maher Zaida: "The Israelis have killed two of my brothers, arrested my father and now destroyed my home. It doesn't deter us or any other Palestinian. We believe in God and in the duty to fight the enemy" [3].

DJIA Down 101.61 to 7673.99. The DJIA YTD % Change is -8.00%.

U.S. Senate Gives Its Consent to Ratification of the Moscow Treaty on Strategic Offensive Reductions.

The treaty was signed by President Putin and President Bush in Moscow on May 24, 2002. Under the treaty, the U.S. and Russia will both reduce their "operationally deployed strategic nuclear warheads to a level of 1700-2200 by December 31, 2012."

The United Kingdom, Spain and the United States Propose 17 March 2003 Deadline for Iraq to Disarm.

7-Mar-03 Tokyo, Japan

8-Mar-03 Thousands Protest Against a Possible War on Iraq.

9-Mar-03

10-Mar-03

11-Mar-03

Nikkei 225 Plummets to 20-Year Low. Nikkei 225 falls 225.03 to 8144.12.

Washington, DC; Los Angeles, CA; Manchester, UK; Camp Darby, Pisa, Italy; Tokyo, Japan; Surabaya, Indonesia

International Women's Day: Women United Against War, Washington, DC [1] [2].

10,000 people protest against war in Manchester, England [3].

Hundreds of thousands of Indonesians attend rally against war in Surabaya, Indonesia [4].

Tens of thousands protest against war at Camp Darby, an American military base near Pisa, Italy [5].

Surabaya, Indonesia; Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Tokyo, Japan

Over One Million Pakistanis and Over Half Million Indonesians Rally Against a Possible U.S. War on Iraq. The Million Man march in Pakistan was called by the Mutahida Majlas-e-Amal (MMA) coalition.

Tens of thousands protest across Japan against war on Iraq.

New York, NY; Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Tokyo, Japan

All Major World Indices Tumble. DJIA down 171.85 to 7568.18. NASDAQ Composite down 26.92 to 1278.37. NASDAQ 100 down 22.53 to 964.29. DAX down 102.62 to 2329.04. NIKKEI 225 down 179.83 to 7862.43 (11-Mar-03 close).

On March 10, 2000, the NASDAQ composite registered 5048.62 [5]. Over three years, the NASDAQ Composite lost approximately 74.7% of its value

Eglin Air Force Base, FL

U.S. Air Force Tests Massive Ordnance Air Blast (MOAB) -- "the largest non-nuclear conventional weapon in existence" [1].

One purpose of the "Mother of All Bombs" test is to intimidate and demoralize Iraqi combatants [3]. The test is part of America's "Shock and Awe" strategy for Iraq.

11-Mar-03

12-Mar-03 Belgrade, Serbia

12-Mar-03

For main symptoms and signs of SARS, see [2].

13-Mar-03



The Hague, The Netherlands

International Criminal Court, the World's First Permanent War Crime Court, Is Inaugurated. The court has 89 member countries. The U.S. does not support the ICC, and Russia and China oppose it [2].

Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic Is Assassinated. Djindjic helped overthrow Slobodan Milosevic.

Geneva, Switzerland

World Health Organization (WHO) Issues a Global Alert About a Severe Form of Pneumonia in Vietnam, Hong Kong SAR, and China.

New York, NY; Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Tokyo, Japan

All Major World Indices Surge. DJIA up 269.68 to 7821.75. NASDAQ Composite up 61.54 to 1340.78. DAX up 151.35 to 2354.31.

U.S. Senate Passes Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003.

Concern Mounts About the Alleged Role of a "Cabal" Intent on Manipulating American Foreign Policy in Israel's Interest. The Allegation Is Denied by Colin Powell.

15-Mar-03 Beijing, China

On March 3, 2003, U.S. Rep. James P. Moran Jr., Democrat of Virginia, expressed concern about "the strong support of the Jewish community for this war with Iraq." Moran's concern was criticized as anti-Semitic. Moran apologized for his remarks and resigned his post as a regional whip in Congress [1].

Patrick J. Buchanan, former presidential candidate, wrote in The American Conservative: "We charge that a cabal of polemicists and public officials seek to ensnare our country in a series of wars that are not in America's interests. We charge them with colluding with Israel to ignite those wars . . . What these neoconservatives seek is to conscript American blood to make the world safe for Israel" [4].

In "An Open Letter to Paul Wolfowitz," Josh Ruebner writes: "Lately I have come to the disturbing conclusion that the Bush Administration is using you as its 'court Jew' by excellence. . .

. . . I think that I am in a better position to hear what the people are saying. Do you know what they're saying already? That the war in Iraq is being planned by a cabal of extremist Jews. That it is the first part of a Zionist conspiracy to redraw the map of the Middle East. That Israel stands to be the prime beneficiary of this war. . .

. . . For the sake of your own dignity . . . [s]tep down and deprive the power structure of its "court Jew" . . . [T]ell the world that it is not the powerless Jews who are pushing for this war, but the greedy, venal barons of corporate America who stand to profit . . .

. . . That the real interests hawking for this war are the defense contractors and the oil industry who will make billions of dollars to first destroy Iraq and then 'rebuild' it under the protective wing of American 'democracy.'" [7]Hu Jintao, an Engineer, and Chief of China's Communist Party, Elected President of China.

16-Mar-03

16-Mar-03 23-Mar-03 Third World Water Forum.

"1.4 billion people do not have access to safe water" [3].

16-Mar-03

17-Mar-03


The Azores, Portugal

The Azores Summit: President Bush, Prime Minister Blair, and President Aznar Conclude that March 17, 2003 Is "A Moment of Truth for the World."

Kyoto, Osaka, and Shiga, Japan

The World Water Forum is held once every three years by the Water World Council and the host government.

Efforts by the IMF, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the World Water Council to privatize the water infrastructure in developing countries are strongly condemned [6].

Chicago, IL; Valley Forge National Historical Park, PA: Washington, DC; Portland, OR

Tens of Thousands Protest Against a Possible War on Iraq.


France Opposes any Ultimatum or Automatic Authorization of Force in Any New U.N. Resolution Aimed at Iraq [1].

Ambassador Jean-Marc de la SabliÃ¨re of France said that it is "the position of a huge majority of the Council . . . that it would not be legitimate to authorize the use of force now while the inspections set up by the resolution is producing results" [2].

UK, US, and Spain conclude they cannot get a UN Security Council consensus on their provisional draft resolution of 7-Mar-03 [2].

President George Bush Gives an Ultimatum to President Saddam Hussein: "Saddam Hussein and His Sons Must Leave Iraq Within 48 Hours" or Suffer "Military Conflict."

All foreign nationals - including journalists and U.N. inspectors - are urged to leave Iraq [1].



18-Mar-03 Baghdad, Iraq


Iraq's Foreign Minister calls President Bush "the warmonger number one in the world, the failing President Bush who made his country a joke" [2].

Russia's President Vladimir Putin says any non-peaceful resolution of the Iraq problem "would be a mistake fraught with the toughest consequences" [3].

The U.S. National Threat Level Is Raised from an Elevated Risk (Yellow) to a High Risk (Orange) of Terrorist Attack.

U.S. Department of Homeland Security launches Operation Liberty Shield [2].

U.S. Department of the Treasury announces measures to protect financial markets during hostilities with Iraq [4].

World Market Indices Soar. DIJA up 282.21 to 8141.92. NASDAQ Composite up 51.94 to 1392.27.

President Saddam Hussein Rejects President George Bush's Ultimatum to Leave Iraq or Face War.

President Bush Declares the Start of Military Operations Against Iraq.

President Bush: "American and coalition forces are in the early stages of military operations to disarm Iraq, to free its people and to defend the world from grave danger" [1].

The central objectives of the U.K. are codified by Prime Minister Tony Blair as follows: "to remove Saddam Hussein from power and ensure Iraq is disarmed of all chemical, biological and nuclear weapons." Derivative objectives include: "to do this campaign in a way that minimises the suffering of ordinary Iraqi people, brutalised by Saddam; to safeguard the wealth of the country for the future prosperity of the people; and to make this a war not of conquest but of liberation" [4].

A "decapitation" attempt against the Iraqi leadership ("target of opportunity") fails [9] [10]. The "shock and awe" strategy did not achieve the desired results [11].

19-Mar-03 Persian Gulf

19-Mar-03

20-Mar-03 Iraq

U.S. and British Forces Capture H2 and H3 Airfields.

20-Mar-03

About 300,000 US and British Military Forces Are Ready for a Massive Attack on Iraq.

Ramallah, West Bank

Yasser Arafat, Head of the Palestinian Authority, Offers Mahmoud Abbas the Post of Prime Minister.

U.S. and British Forces Attack More than 100 Iraqi Targets Using About 700 Aircraft. The Forces Also Launch About 50 Tomahawk Missiles Against Targets in Baghdad.

New York, Chicago, Boston, San Francisco, USA; Athens, Greece; Milan, Rome, Italy; Berlin, Stuttgart, Cologne, Munich, Hanover, Germany; Madrid, Spain; Cairo, Egypt; Dhaka, Bangladesh; Calcutta, India; Seoul, Korea; Melbourne, Australia; etc.

Hundreds of Thousands of Antiwar Protesters Vent Their Anger and Frustration Around the Globe.




21-Mar-03

Some reported statistics on the number of protesters: Athens, Greece: > 100,000 [1]; Berlin, Stuttgart, Cologne, Munich, Hanover, Germany: > 80,000 [1]; Paris France: 80,000 [3]; Milan, Rome: 45,000 [1]; Melbourne, Australia: 40,000 [4]; Dhaka, Bangladesh: > 15,000 [1]; Chicago, U.S.: 10,000 [5]; London, UK: > 5,000 [6]; Calcutta, India: 1,000 [1].

U.S. Treasury Department Seizes $1.4 Billion in Iraqi Money [3].

President George W. Bush intends that the confiscated property "should be used to assist the Iraqi people and to assist in the reconstruction of Iraq . . . in the interest of and for the benefit of the United States" [1].

Mohammed Said Al-Sahhaf, Iraq's Information Minister, Accuses President George Bush of Targeting Civilians. He Calls the U.S. Administration "Criminals . . . a Superpower of Villains."

U.S. Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld Lists the Primary Aims and Objectives of "Operation Iraqi Freedom": (1) To Defend the American People; (2) To Eliminate Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction; (3) To Liberate the Iraqi People.


War on Iraq Is a Boon to Markets. Except for Hang Seng, All Major World Indices Surge. DJIA up 235.37 to 8521.97. NIKKEI 225 up 144.01 to 8195.05. DAX up 110.21 to 2715.06.

21-Mar-03 Brussels, Belgium

22-Mar-03 Worldwide Global Antiwar Protest.

23-Mar-03

23-Mar-03 Nasiriyah, Iraq

24-Mar-03 26-Mar-03 More Than 68 Rebels Are Killed in Burundi.


24-Mar-03

President Jacques Chirac of France Would Oppose A U.N. Security Council Resolution "Giving the Americans and British the Power to Administer Iraq."

Some reported statistics on the number of protesters [1]: Manhattan, NY: 200,000; London, UK: 100,000, Madrid, Spain: 100,000; Berlin, Germany: 40,000.

Nadimarg, Indian Administered Kashmir

Gunmen Massacre 24 Hindus in Indian-Administered Kashmir.

U.S. and British Forces Start Suffering Serious Casualties.

Kavamu and Musenyi, Burundi

Hutu-Tutsi Conflict: About 300,000 have been killed since 1993 [1] [2].

President Saddam Hussein Addresses the Iraqi Nation. The Address Is Calculated to Rally Iraqi Forces and to Destabilize, Both Psychologically and Physically, U.S.-Led Coalition Forces.

Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (if they exist) could be used to reverse some of the asymmetry caused by America's superiority in hi-tech weapons.


Saddam Hussein's Address to the Iraqi Nation, and Intense Iraqi Resistance to the Anglo-American Invasion Shakes Confidence Off Markets. All Major World Indices Tumble.

DJIA down 307.29 (-3.61%) to 8214.68. NASDAQ Composite down 52.06 (3.66%) to 1369.78. DAX down 166.69 (-6.14%) to 2548.37.


24-Mar-03 Cairo, Egypt

24-Mar-03 2-Apr-03 New York, NY

25-Mar-03


26-Mar-03

U.S. DoD Could Run Out of Money to Operate if a Supplemental Request for $75 Billion Is Not Acted Upon by Congress Immediately.

The cost of "coercive diplomacy" against Iraq is estimated at $30.3 billion. The cost of the major conflict phase is estimated at $13.1 billion [1]. The request for supplemental DoD funding should be viewed within the context of a tax cut for the benefit of investors [2].

The Arab League Issues an Antiwar Resolution Calling for the Immediate Withdrawal of U.S. and British Forces from Iraq.

The New York Stock Exchange Revokes the Credentials of Al-Jazeera's Reporters.On 2-Apr-03, Akamai cancels contract to provide web services to Al-Jazeera [4].

Damascus, Syria; Beirut, Lebanon; Khartoum, Sudan

Hundreds of Thousands Protest Against U.S.-British Invasion of Iraq.

Some reported statistics on the number of protesters: Damascus, Syria: Hundreds of thousands; Beirut, Lebanon: 50,000; Khartoum, Sudan: 30,000.

The Conference Board's Consumer Confidence Index Continues to Fall.

Al-Shaab, Baghdad, Iraq

Iraq: U.S, Missiles Kill 14 Civilians in a Market in Baghdad.

According to IraqBodyCount.net, the number of civilian casualties in the war on Iraq, for the period from January 2003 through 27-Mar-03, ranges from 227 to 307 [3].

26-Mar-03 USA


U.S. Debt, Including Home Equity Debt, Reaches Alarming Levels.

Selected U.S. Debt Statistics: Consumer Credit Outstanding: $1.753 trillion, Jan-03 [2]; Public Debt: $6.46 trillion, 26-Mar-03 [3]; Debt, Domestic Financial Sectors: 10.317 trillion [5]; Total Debt Outstanding, Domestic Nonfinancial Sectors: $20.657 trillion, 2002 [5].

Richard N. Perle Resigns from His Post as Chairman of the Defense Policy Board [1]. He Will, However, Continue to Serve on the Board [12].

Perle was appointed by Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld as chairman of the Defense Policy Board, Jul-01 [4]. He was assistant secretary of defense for international security policy under President Ronald Reagan, 1981-1987 [6].

See Concern Mounts About the Alleged Role of a "Cabal," 14-Mar-03.

See Concern Mounts About the Alleged Role of a "Cabal," 14-Mar-03.

27-Mar-03 Iraq

27-Mar-03 Cairo, Egypt

28-Mar-03

28-Mar-03 Iraq

U.S.-led Coalition Aircraft Fly Around 1,500 Sorties Against Iraq. Many Are Aimed at the Medina and Hammurabi Republican Guard Divisions.

Two U.S. armored divisions are 50-60 miles from Baghdad. Coalition forces hold more than 4500 prisoners of war.

About 20,000 Rally in Tahrir Square, Cairo, in Solidarity with the Iraqi People.

Shula, Baghdad, and Northeast of Basra, Iraq; Kuwait City, Kuwait

Baghdad: U.S. Missile Kills at Least 55 Civilians and Wounds More than 47 in the Al-Nasser Market [1] [2]. U.S. and Coalition Air Attacks Blast 9 Ba'ath Party Hangouts Northeast of Basra and Kill 200 Ba'ath Members and Paramilitary Leaders [3].

Coaltion forces drop "bunker buster" bombs on telecommunications facility in Baghdad [4].

People's Daily Online, China: Some Military analysts believe that the U.S. is using Iraq as "a testing ground" for hi-tech weapons [5].

According to IraqBodyCount.net, the number of civilian casualties in the war on Iraq, for the period from January 2003 through 29-Mar-03, ranges from 283 to 391 [6].

Kuwait City: A Shopping Mall Is Damaged by an Iraqi Missile [7].

Iraqis Are Resisting Ferociously 'Operation Iraqi Freedom.' U.S. and British Forces Are Having To Face "The Nightmare of Urban Guerilla" [1].


28-Mar-03

29-Mar-03 Boston, MA

30-Mar-03 Palestine

In an article in Al-Hayat, Patrick Seale offers a scathing criticism of "The vision of the main Washington war-mongers, such as Paul Wolfowitz, US deputy defense secretary, and Richard Perle, chairman of the Defense Policy Board, with their cohorts in Zionist and right-wing think-tanks." Seale presages: "A day will come when a Congressional committee investigates how and by whom the ill-fated decision to go to war against Iraq was taken" [1]

According to Seale, the real war aims of 'Operation Iraqi Freedom' are "to affirm America's global supremacy in a strategically vital, oil-rich part of the world, and to protect Israel's regional supremacy and its monopoly of weapons of mass destruction" [1].

UN Security Council Approves Adjustments to UN's Oil-for-Food Program [1]. Iraq Rejects the Program [2].

The program, which was halted 17-Mar-03, has a timeline of 45 days and is subject to renewal [1].

Geneva, Switzerland

World Health Organization (WHO) Tracks the Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).

SARS affected areas: Toronto, Canada; Singapore, Singapore; Beijing, Guangdong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, Shanxi, Taiwan Province, China; Hanoi, Viet Nam.

Around the World, Tens of Thousands Protest Against the War on Iraq. About 25,000 People Protest in Boston.

Palestinian Islamic Jihad Sends the First Group of Suicide Bombers to Kill American and British Soldiers in Iraq. More than 4000 Palestinian Volunteers Join Iraqi Forces [1]. And Tens of Thousands of Iraqis Volunteers Vow to Fight Anglo-American Invaders [3].

30-Mar-03

31-Mar-03 Iraq

31-Mar-03 Jakarta, Indonesia


1-Apr-03 Washington, DC

1-Apr-03 3-Apr-03 U.S.A.

Jakarta, Indonesia; Calcutta, India; Rabat Morocco;

More Than 200,000 in Jakarta [1] [2], About 150,000 in Rabat, and About 150,000 in Calcutta Protest Against the Anglo-American War on Iraq [3].

More Than 300,000 Coalition Troops Are Deployed for Combat, Including More Than 100,000 Inside Iraq. Since The Beginning of 'Operation Iraqi Freedom', More Than 700 Tomahawk Missiles Have Been Fired and More Than 8,000 Precision Guided Munitions Have Been Dropped by Coalition Forces [1].

U.S. soldiers kill at least 7 women and children and wound 2, near Najaf, after the vehicle they were riding fails to stop at a military checkpoint [2] [3] [4].

Quoting government sources, BBC News estimates human losses from war as follows: Iraq: at least 589 civilians dead; US: 43 dead, 17 missing; UK: 26 dead [3]. According to IraqBodyCount.net, the number of civilian casualties in the war on Iraq, for the period from January 2003 through 1-Apr-03 [4:30 AM EST], ranges from 478 to 586 [5].

Hamzah Haz, Indonesia's Vice President, Supports Dropping the U.S. Dollar in Favor of the Euro - for Economic, Not Political Reasons.

U.S. Market Indices Tumble. DJIA down 153.64 to 7992.13. NASDAQ 100 down 28.06 to 1018.66.

U.S. Air Force Gen. Richard Myers Is Annoyed with Critics of the War Plan [1].

IraqBodyCount.net: The number of civilian casualties in the war on Iraq, for the period from January 2003 through 1-Apr-03, ranges from 565 to 724 [3].

The New York Times Exposes How Very Rich Individuals and Corporations Use a Legal Insurance Loophole, Originally Designed to Help Farmers, to Earn Tax-Free Profits.

1-Apr-03 Montreal, Canada Air Canada Files for Bankruptcy Protection.

2-Apr-03

Coaltion forces hold more than 4,500 prisoners of war [1].

2-Apr-03 Davao, Philippines Bomb Kills at Least 15 People. Terrorism Suspected.

2-Apr-03

3-Apr-03 4-Apr-03

Rich individuals and corporations set up a tax-exempt insurance company in a tax haven with few regulations. The company, by design, has huge reserves, but collects trivial insurance premiums, and is exposed to trivial or no losses from insurance claims. The reserves are essentially used, not to pay claims, but first to avoid capital gains tax, then to earn tax-free interest, dividends, and more capital gains.

Camp Sayliya, Qatar

U.S. Forces Claim to Have Destroyed a Key Division of Iraq's Republican Guard.


World Indices Soar. DJIA up 215.20 (2.67%) to 8285.06. NASDAQ Composite up 48.42 (3.59%) to 1396.72. DAX up 139.16 (5.68%) to 2589.35.


Many at the UN Are Increasingly Alarmed at Possible Plans by the U.S. Government to Take Over, Unilaterally, Iraq's Government, Iraq's Oil Industry, and Iraq's Finances.


4-Apr-03 Baghdad, Iraq


U.S. Senate Approves About $80 Billion Bill, Including About $63 Billion to Pay for the War on Iraq.

The bill includes loan guarantees: to Israel not to exceed $9 Billion; to Egypt not to exceed $2 Billion; to Turkey not to exceed $8.5 billion. The Iraq relief and reconstruction fund is set at $2,468,300,000 [1].

U.S. Army Occupies Part of Saddam International Airport, Kills At Least 320 Iraqi Soldiers [1-4]. About 2,500 Republican Guards Surrender to U.S. Marines [4-5]. Iraqi Preacher Denies U.S. Airport Stories, Denounces Western Media [6].

IraqBodyCount.net: The number of civilian casualties reported killed in the war on Iraq, for the period from January 2003 through 4-Apr-03 [10:29 AM EST], ranges from 601 to 760 [7].

President Saddam Hussein Is Cheered by Crowds in Baghdad [1-3].

Iraqi Women Vow to Carry Out Suicide Attacks Against Iraq's Enemies - "Americans, imperialists, Zionists" [4].

4-Apr-03 USA, UK, Australia


According to International Law Experts, Political and Military Leaders in the U.S., Britain, and Australia Could Be Prosecuted for War Crimes [1-2].

Finding a Court to try Saddam Hussein could be problematic [3-4]. The U.S. is not a signatory to the International Criminal Court (ICC) statutes [5].

Amnesty International is concerned about evidence of governments "using the war in Iraq as a pretext for curtailing or abusing fundamental human rights" [6].

U.S. Central Command: Elements of the 3rd Infantry Division Move Through Downtown Baghdad [1]. U.S. Marines Confront Egyptians, Jordanians, and Sudanese Who Are Fighting Against U.S. Forces [1]. Senior Iraqi Officials Deny U.S. Claims, Continue to Defy U.S. Forces [2]. Full Encirclement of Baghdad Escapes Coalition Forces [3].

Coalition forces kill between 2,000 and 3,000 Iraqis [3]; and hold more than 6,500 Iraqi POWs [1].

More than 9,000 Special Operations Forces are conducting covert operations in Iraq [4].

British Home Secretary, David Blunkett, confesses there may be no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq [5].

Council on Foreign Relations: "Has the United States found chemical or biological weapons in Iraq? It's uncertain" [6]

IraqBodyCount.net: The number of civilian casualties reported killed in the war on Iraq, as at 5-Apr-03 [22:55 EST], ranges from 859 to 1032 [7].

5-Apr-03

6-Apr-03 Dibagah, Iraq



7-Apr-03 Pyongyang, DPRK


Islamabad, Pakistan

The U.S. Rewards President Gen. Pervez Musharraf for His Support of Washington's War on Terrorism by Forgiving $1 Billion in Pakistani Debt.

U.S. Coalition Air Forces Launch 850 Sorties, Including 600 Strike Missions; 70% of Munitions Are Precision-Guided [1]. U.S. Warplane Bombs Kurdish-American Convoy, Kills 18 Kurds, and Injures More than 45 [2-3].

British Forces Invade Basra, Tolerate Lawlessness and Looting [3].

Since 3-Apr-03, Basra's main hospital treated 1,200 wounded people and counted 400 dead, mostly civilians [3].

U.S. Rejects International Court for War Crimes in Favor of a Two-Track System Involving Both Iraqi Courts and U.S. Military Tribunals [1].

W. Hays Parks, special assistant to the Judge Advocate General of the Army: "The Iraqi Regime is not complying with the Geneva Conventions" [2].

Oil contracts with the Iraqi regime could cause legal problems. Armed with oil deals, France, Russia, and China could oppose the U.S. at the U.N. Security Council [3].

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea Accuses the U.S. of Being "the Kingpin of State Terrorism" [1].

DPRK claims that "the crime-woven history" of the U.S. "is characterized by plunder, massacre, armed intervention in other's internal affairs, plots to topple other governments, aggression and war" [1].

U.S. Troops Occupy Saddam Hussein's Republican Palace in Baghdad [1-3]. U.S. Makes Another Attempt at Decapitating Iraqi Leadership [3]. Decapitation Attempt Fails [4]. Iraqis Continue to Defi the U.S.-led Invasion [5].

Iraqis Shoot Down an American A-10 Thunderbolt Aircraft [4].



IraqBodyCount.net: The number of civilian casualties reported killed in the war on Iraq, up to 8-Apr-03, ranges from 961 to 1139 [6].

U.S. Coalition Forces Bomb Two Arab TV Offices and the Palestine Hotel, Which Is a Base for Foreign Journalists in Baghdad [1-2].

The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) condemns military strikes against media locations [1].

An Arab journalist claims: "The U.S.-led coalition forces are killing journalists in Iraq to suppress the truth about civilian massacres" [2].

U.S. Forces Move Into Baghdad. Small Crowds and Looters Welcome Them [1-3]. In Basra, British Forces Allow Impoverished Looters to Get Away with Looting [4]. Thousands of Kurds Cheer U.S. Advance in Sulaimanyah [5].

For Many in the Arab World, the 'Liberation' of Iraq Is a "Black Day" - The Beginning of British and American Colonialism [6]. An Arab Editorial Cautions Against the Potential Vulnerability of Iraqis "to Exploitation by the Conservative Zionist Junta Who Have Taken Over the White House," and Admonishes the Iraqi People - and Other Arabs - "to Make Sure the Spoils of their Country Are Not Stolen by the Conquerors" [7].

U.S. Central Command: Saddam Hussein's regime is in "disarray"; coalition forces hold more than 7,000 POWs [8].

UN warns that looting and lawlessness in Iraq "threatened to unleash a humanitarian crisis" [9].

9-Apr-03 New York, NY

9-Apr-03 Washington, DC IMF Issues World Economic Outlook.

10-Apr-03 Kirkuk, Iraq

U.S. Forces secure the Iraq foreign ministry for the CIA [6].


World Market Indices Tumble. DJIA down 100.98 to 8197.94. NASDAQ 100 down 22.78 to 1023.52.

U.S. Forces and Kurdish Guerrillas Capture Kirkuk. U.S. Forces Secure 300 Oil Wells. Kurdish Jubilation Is Counterbalanced by Turkish Alarm. Ethnic Tensions Escalate Between Arabs, Kurds, and Turkmens. A Suicide Bomber Wounds 4 U.S. Marines in Baghdad. [1-2]

U.S. Marines tolerate massive pillaging and looting in Baghdad [3].

To many Arabs, the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq is an "act of imperial conquest," not liberation [5].

The World Bank and the IMF Want the Backing of their Shareholders Before Proceeding With Funds and Loans for Iraq [1]. There Is an Opportunity for the IMF to Help With the Management of Iraq's External Debt and Tax System [2]

According to one source, Britain, France, and Germany are concerned the U.S. is using the World Bank and the IMF to promote its unilateral interests [1].

Iraq's debt is in the range from $60 billion to more than $100 billion; reparation claims are estimated at $200 billion; Iraq's oil revenues are estimated at $15 billion per year [3].

11-Apr-03

12-Apr-03 Baghdad,Iraq

Kirkuk, Mosul, and Baghdad, Iraq

Liberated Kurds Loot Kirkuk [1]. Looting Beset Liberated Mosul [2]. Frenzied Looting and Mayhem Rule Liberated Baghdad [3]. 'Liberated' Mobs Loot and Burn Iraq's Central Bank [4-5].

Investigators hunt Saddam Hussein's family assets, estimated to be in the range from $2 billion to $10 billion [6]

IraqBodyCount.net: The number of civilian casualties reported killed in the war on Iraq, as at 11-Apr-03, ranges from 1160 to 1413 [7].

General Amer Hammoudi al-Saadi, Iraq's Chief Scientist, Gives Himself Up Voluntarily to U.S. Forces. Al-Saadi Denies Iraq Possesses Chemical or Biological Weapons [1-3]. Al-Saadi Is No. 55 on the Iraqi Top 55 Most Wanted List 4-6].

U.S. hunts for Dr. Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash ("Mrs. Anthrax") and Dr. Rihab Taha ("Dr. Germ") [7].

12-Apr-03

12-Apr-03 13-Apr-03 Washington, DC



14-Apr-03

Rome, Italy; Barcelona, Spain; London, UK; Paris, France; Berlin, Germany; Seoul, Korea; and Dhaka, Bangladesh

Hundreds of Thousands Protest Against War on Iraq. Half a Million Protest in Rome, and More than 200,000 Protest in Barcelona [1]. Tens of Thousands Rally in Paris [1-2]. More than Ten Thousand Protest in Washington [3]. About 12,000 Protested in Berlin [4]. About 50,000 Protest in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and About 4,000 Protest in Seoul [5].

World Bank and IMF Annual Spring Meeting [1].

According to the World Bank Group, 1.169 billion people lived on less than $1 a day in 1999 [2].

According to the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA), the 5-year costs of US occupation of Iraq would range from $25 billion to over $105 billion (CBO and DoD data used) [3].

G-24 countries are concerned about the weak global economic recovery and about increases in the U.S. fiscal deficit; the increase will divert resources from developing countries [4]. The U.S. has become the largest debtor [5].

Anti-Globalization Activists Protest Against Policies of the World Bank and the IMF [1].

Iraqis Protest Against Attempts by the U.S. to Set Up a Military or "Foreign" Government. Protesters Accuse U.S. Forces of Being Concerned Only with Oil [1].

Tikrit, Iraq; Pentagon, Washington, DC

U.S. Forces Occupy Tikrit, Saddam Hussein's Hometown [1-2]. They Receive No Jubilant Welcome from Tikrit Residents [3]. Looters Loot the Tikrit Presidential Palace [4].

14-Apr-03 Bethesda, MD

14-Apr-03

Maj. Gen. Stanley McChrystal, at the Pentagon: "major combat engagements are over" [2]. The U.S. is withdrawing two of its aircraft carrier groups from the Gulf [2,5]. The U.S. lost 118 American service members in the war on Iraq; 10 journalists died covering the war [6].

Objectives set for the war on Iraq, according to Torie Clarke, Pentagon spokeswoman:

(1) Eliminate the regime of Saddam Hussein; (2) capture, kill, or drive out terrorists in Iraq; (3) collect intelligence on terrorist networks; (4) collect intelligence on WMD; (5) oversee the destruction of WMD; (6) secure Iraq's oil fields; (7) end U.N. sanctions; help Iraqis establish a representative government [6].

International Consortium Completes Human Genome Project (HGP) [1-2].

The Human Genome Project (HGP) began Oct-90 and was successfully completed 14-Apr-03 [4]. The first draft of the human sequence was announced in Jun-00 [1].

The goal of HGP "is the complete mapping and understanding of all the genes of human beings. All our genes together are known as our 'genome'" [3,7].

Washington, DC; Beirut, Lebanon

U.S. Administration Issues Warnings to Syria [1]. Syria Is Perplexed. Defiant Hizbullah Is Prepared for the Worst [2].

14-Apr-03 17-Apr-03 Beirut Lebanon

15-Apr-03 16-Apr-03


16-Apr-03 17-Apr-03 Athens, Greece

Syria is on the U.S. State Department list of terrorist states [3-5].


22nd Ministerial Session of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA).

According to Mervat Tallawy, ESCWA Executive Secretary, the losses from the war against Iraq to Arab countries can be estimated as follows: $1 trillion from Gross Domestic Products; 6 to 7 million in employment opportunities [1]

Baghdad, Nasiriya, and Mosul, Iraq

Iraqis Protest Against Looting, Lack of Electricity, and U.S. Military Occupation. 20,000 Protest in Nasiriya [1-2]. U.S. Forces Are Accused of Killing 17 Iraqis During Demonstrations in Mosul [3].

Abdel Karim Anwar Obeid, general manager for administration, Iraqi Ministry of Religious Affairs, quoted in NYT: "When Baghdad fell to the Mongols in 1258, these books [priceless historical Korans] survived . . And now they didn't survive. You can't put a price on this loss" [1].

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, in Consultation with the Homeland Security Council, Lowers the Advisory System Threat Level from HIGH (Orange) to ELEVATED (Yellow).

An Elevated Condition is declared when there is a "significant risk of terrorist attacks" [3].

TechNews: Homeland security becomes a "brand"; many companies "capitalize on defense spending" [4].

EU Summit. Demonstrators Protest Against UK's Role in War on Iraq [1].



18-Apr-03 Iraq


19-Apr-03 21-Apr-03 Washington, DC

Ten countries will join the EU in May-03: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, and Slovakia [2].

U.S. Department of Defense to Get $62.9 Billion. The Cost of the War in Iraq Is Estimated at $20 Billion. [1]

U.S. Awards Bechtel Iraq Capital Construction Contract; the Contract Provides for Funding Up to $680 Million Over 18 Months [1-2]. Some Are Concerned About the Bidding Process [3-4].

Experts Estimate the Cost of Reconstructing Iraq to Be in the Range from $25 Billion to $100 Billion. Reconstruction will ultimately be financed by Iraqi oil revenues. The World Bank and the IMF will eventually be involved [5].

Capital Eye: The political contributions of U.S. construction firms bidding on contracts to rebuild Iraq since 1999 are estimated at more than $3.5 million [7-8].

Tens of Thousands of Iraqis Protest Against U.S. Occupation of Iraq [1].

Arab News Editorial, 19-Apr-03: "With yesterday's protests a time bomb started ticking. Anti-American sentiments are growing in Iraq; they will become the dominant issue" [2].

Thousands Demonstrate in Baghdad Against U.S. Occupation.

Unidentified Senior Administration Official: U.S. Wants Long-Term Permanent Access to 4 Military Bases in Iraq [1]. U.S, Defense Secretary, Donald H. Rumsfeld, Denies Hearing Any Discussion Regarding a "Permanent" or "Long-Term" Base in Iraq [4].



22-Apr-03 24-Apr-03 Karbala, Iraq

22-Apr-03

23-Apr-03

24-Apr-03 Beijing, China

Abd Al-Khalik Abd Al-Gafar, Former Iraqi Science Minister Is Arrested by U.S. Coalition Forces [1].

CENTCOM: U.S. soldiers discover US $640 million in Baghdad [3].

Hundreds of Thousands of Shia Pilgrims Gather in the Holy City of Karbala [1-2]. Shiite Clergy Denounce U.S. Occupation of Iraq [3].


President George Bush Backs Reappointment of Alan Greenspan as Chairman of the Federal Reserve [1]; Global Market Indices Soar. DJIA up 156.09 to 8484.99 [2]. NASDAQ Composite up 26.99 to 1451.36 [3]. DAX up 61.18 to 2960.96 [4].

Geneva, Switzerland

World Health Organization Extends SARS-Related Travel Advice to Beijing and Shanxi Province, China, and to Toronto, Canada [1-2]. WHO Advisory Is Condemned by Canadian Health Experts and by Toronto Mayor [3].

Cumulative number of reported probable SARS cases, from 1-Nov-02 to 23-Apr-03, 16:00 GMT+2: 4288 cases; 251 deaths (211 in China and in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; and 13 in Canada) [2].

Li Gun, North Korea's Top Negotiator, Declares North Korea Has Nuclear Weapons [1-2].

24-Apr-03


25-Apr-03 Beijing, China

25-Apr-03 Indian Kashmir Violence in Indian Kashmir: 18 Killed, 48 Injured.

25-Apr-03

26-Apr-03

Geneva, Switzerland

Secretary-General Kofi Annan, on the War in Iraq: “The decision to go to war without specific authorization by the Security Council has created deep divisions that will need to be bridged if we are to deal effectively, not just with the aftermath of Iraq, but with other major challenges on the international agenda” [1].

Tariq Aziz, Iraq's Deputy Prime Minister, Is in U.S. Custody [1-2]. Faruq Hijazi, Former Iraqi Intelligence Officer, Is Arrested; Hijazi Is Believed to Have Plotted to Assassinate former President George H.W. Bush in 1993 [3].

Airbus Beats Rival Boeing, Sells 30 Aircraft Valued at $1.8 Billion to China [1-4]. France Invites China to G8 Summit in Evian, France [2].


All Major World Indices Fall. DJIA down 133.69 to 8306.35. NASDAQ 100 down 24.93 to 1083.19. NIKKEI 225 down 155.07 to 7699.50. DAX down 53.39 to 2838.23.

Zaafaraniya, Baghdad outskirt, Iraq

Weapons Missile Cache Explosion Kills More than 12 People, Injures 40. Hundreds of Iraqis Blame America.

28-Apr-03

See World Events, 20-Dec-02.

28-Apr-03

28-Apr-03 Falluja, Iraq

30-Apr-03


Washington, DC; and New York, NY

10 Investment Banks, Including Merrill Lynch, Credit Suisse First Boston, and Citigroup's Salomon Smith Barney (Now Called Citigroup Global Markets), Are Charged with Fraud. The Allegations Are Neither Admitted Nor Denied by the Firms. Penalties, Disgorgement, and Funds for Independent Research and Investor Education Total Nearly $1.4 Billion. [1]


Except for NIKKEI 225, All Major World Indices Soar. DJIA up 165.26 to 8471.61. NASDAQ 100 up 23.94 to 1107.13. DAX up 115.69 to 2953.92.

U.S. Troops Kill 15 Iraqis and Injure 65 at an Anti-American Rally. Many Iraqis Remain Loyal to Saddam Hussein.

Tel Aviv, Israel; Gaza Strip

Palestinian Suicide Bomber Kills 4 People and Injures More than 50 [1-2]. Just Hours Later, Mahmoud Abbas Is Officially Sworn in as New Palestinian Prime Minister [1,4].

U.S. Presents the "Roadmap for Peace" to Israel and the Palestinians. The Plan Was Drawn Up by the "Quartet" (U.S., E.U., U.N., and Russia). [1-3]

30-Apr-03 New York, NY

30-Apr-03

Visa and Mastercard Agree to Settle an Antitrust Lawsuit Over Debit-Card Fees and Pay $3 Billion [1-5].

Prince Sultan Air Base, Saudi Arabia

U.S. Military to Move its Air Operations Center for the Middle East from Prince Sultan Air Base in Saudi Arabia to Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar.

1-May-03

1-May-03

1-May-03 CIA, Langley, VA

1-May-03 Bingol, Turkey


USS Abraham Lincoln at sea off the coast of San Diego, CA

President George W. Bush Proclaims Combat Operations in Iraq Are Over. However, he Asserts: "Our mission continues. Al Qaeda is wounded, not destroyed. . . The war on terror is not over; yet it is not endless." [1]

Gaza Strip and west Bank

IDF Kills 12 Palestinians, Including a Toddler and a 13-Year-Old Boy, and Injures 15 [1].

U.S. Terrorist Threat Integration Center (TTIC) Begins Operations [1].

TTIC is an integrated terror threat analysis agency. The Director of TTIC is John O. Brennan [2].

Earthquake Registering 6.4 on the Richter Scale Kills 115 and Injures 503 in Turkey [1-2].

Copyright © 2001-2003 by Macroknow Inc. All Rights Reserved.EDUCATION/RESEARCH

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1. Iraq: Turkey Undecided on New Motion to Deploy U.S. Troops, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Inc. (RFE/RL), 2-Mar-03.

2. Motion Rejected as Absolute Majority Is not Reached (Anadolu Agency), TurkishPress.com, 1-Mar-03.

1. Khaled Sheikh Under FBI Interrogation, The News International, Pakistan, 3-Mar-03.

http://www.jang-group.com/thenews/mar2003-daily/03-03-2003/main/main2.htm

2. Most Wanted Terrorists: Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, FBI, 3-Mar-03.

3. Erik Eckholm and David Johnston, Qaeda Suspect Sound Asleep at Trail's End (Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 2-Mar-03), NYT, 3-Mar-03.

4. Don Van Natta Jr., Al Qaeda Hobbled by Latest Arrest U.S., Says (London, 2-Mar-3), NYT, 3-Mar-03.

1. Tahir Hasan Khan, Massive MMA Rally Flays Iraq War, The News International, Pakistan, 3-Mar-03.

http://www.jang-group.com/thenews/mar2003-daily/03-03-2003/main/main1.htm

1. Israel Kills Pregnant Woman, Child in Gaza Raid (IslamOnline and News Agencies), The Palestine Chronicle, 4-Mar-03.

2. James Bennet, Israeli Raid Snares a Foe, but Leaves Family Motherless, NYT, 4-Mar-03.

1. Bong Reblando and Mike U. Crismundo, 23 Dead, 137 Hurt in Davao Blasts, Manila Bulletin, 4-Mar-03.

http://www.mb.com.ph/news.php?art=28770&sect=1&fname=MN03030428770h.txt

2. Ellen Nakashima and Alan Sipress, American Among 20 Killed by Bombing in Philippines, Muslim Militant Groups Blamed for Blast at Southern Airport (Jakarta, Indonesia, 4-Mar-03), The Washington Post, 5-Mar-03. (Froilan Gallardo contributed to the report.)

1. Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 4-Mar-03.

1. Uri Ash, Amos Harel, and Aluf Benn, 15 Killed, 40 Wounded in Haifa Bus Bomb, Ha'aretz, 6-Mar-03.

http://www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=269643&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0

1. National Youth and Student Peace Coalition (NYSPC), Washington, DC, 5-Mar-03.

1. Joint Statements by Mr. de Villepin, Mr. Ivanov and Mr. Fischer (Paris, 5-Mar-03), MinistÃ¨re des affaires Ã©trangÃ¨res (French Foreign Ministry), 5-Mar-03.



http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/06/international/europe/06ASSE.html

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http://www.dailystar.com.lb/opinion/07_03_03_g.htm

http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/629/re1.htm


http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/03/20030307-1.html


http://www.defenselink.mil/acq/acic/treaties/SOR/

http://www.armscontrol.ru/start/sort.htm

http://www.un.org/News/dh/iraq/res-iraq-07mar03-en-rev.pdf

2. Karen DeYoung and Colum Lynch, Three Countries Vow to Block U.S. on Iraq, War Plans Continue Despite Resistance at U.N., The Washington Post, A01, 6-Mar-03.

3. Keith B. Richburg, French See Iraq Crisis Imperiling Rule of Law, Concern Focuses on Future of International Order, The Washington Post, A19, 6-Mar-03.

4. Patrick E. Tyler, A Fissure Deepening for Allies Over Use of Force Against Iraq, NYT, News Analysis, 6-Mar-03.

1. Mother of 10 Children Killed by Israel; 14 Palestinians Dead, ArabicNews, 7-Mar-03.

2. Israel Heads 'Back to the Inferno' After 2-Month Lull in Attacks, The Daily Star, Opinion, 7-Mar-03.

3. Graham Usher (Jabalia), Recruiting for Hamas, Al-Ahram Weekly Online, 13/19-Mar-03.


1. President Bush Commends Senate for Action on Moscow Treaty, Statement by President George W. Bush, The White House, 7-Mar-03.

2. Text of Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty, The White House, 24-May-03.

3. The Moscow Treaty: Treaty on Strategic Offensive Reductions, Arms Control Implementation and Compliance (ACI&C), DefenseLink, U.S. Department of Defense, 8-Mar-03 (last updated 11-Feb-02),

4. Treaty on Strategic Offensive Reductions (SORT), Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environmental Studies, MIPT, 7-Mar-03.

5. Statement by Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs Concerning US Senate Ratification of Russian-American Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, 551-07-03-2003, 7-Mar-03.

http://www.ln.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/e78a48070f128a7b43256999005bcbb3/f69e02c44f96490043256ce20030b61f?OpenDocument

1. UK Proposes 17 March Deadline for Iraq to Comply with UN Disarmament Demands, UN News, 7-Mar-03.

http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=6385&Cr=iraq&Cr1=inspect

2. Spain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America: draft resolution, United Nations Security Council, S/2003/215, 7-Mar-03.

http://www.nni.nikkei.co.jp/

http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nb20030308a1.htm

http://www.codepink4peace.org/codepink.html

http://la.indymedia.org/news/2003/03/34451.php

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/2832963.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/2833581.stm

http://www.repubblica.it/online/politica/noguerraquattro/donne/donne.html

http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.php?id=18411

http://www.japantoday.com/e/?content=news&cat=1&id=252051


http://www.nasdaq.com

http://deutsche-boerse.com/dax/


http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/09/opinion/09SUN2.html

http://defenselink.mil/news/Mar2003/b03112003_bt110-03.html

http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Mar2003/g030311-D-9085M.html

http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2003-03-11-us-bomb-test_x.htm

1. Nikkei Net Interactive, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc., 7-Mar-03.

2. Nikkei Sinks to 20-Year Low as Nerves Fray Over Iraq War Fears, The Japan Times, 8-Mar-03.

1. CODE PINK: Women's Pre-Emptive Strike for Peace, 8-Mar-03.

2. Global Woman's Strike and March in LA, Los Angeles Independent Media Center, 8-Mar-03.

3. Protests Put Blair Under Pressure, BBC News, 8-Mar-03.

4. Indonesia Stages Anti-War Rally, BBC News, 9-Mar-03.

5. Parte da Camp Darby l'8 marzo della pace, La Repubblica, 8-Mar-03.

1. Thousands Turn Out to Reject War on Iraq, Pak Tribune, 9-Mar-03 (Online, 10-Mar-03).

2. Tiarma Siboro, Indonesia's Muslims Pray for Peace, The Jakarta Post, 11-Mar-03.

http://www.thejakartapost.com/detailheadlines.asp?fileid=20030310.@01&irec=0

3. Tens of Thousands Rally Across Japan to Protest War on Iraq (Kyodo News), Japan Today, 9-Mar-03.


2. The Nasdaq Stock Market Inc., 10-Mar-2003.

3. Deutsche BÃ¶rse AG, 10-Mar-2003.4. Nikkei Net Interactive, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc., 11-Mar-03.

5. Pop Went the Bubble, NYT, Editorial, 9-Mar-03.

1. Air Force Tests Massive Ordnance Air Blast (MOAB), United States Department of Defense, News Release, No. 110-03, 11-Mar-03.

2. Test of a Massive Ordnance Air Blast (MOAB) Bomb on March 11 (030311-D-9085M-004), 2003, DoD News Briefing, 11-Mar-03, Briefing Slides.

3. Dave Moniz, U.S. Test Bomb Meant to Intimidate, USA TODAY, 11-Mar-03. (Contributing: Wire reports.)

http://www.dodccrp.org/shockIndex.html

http://www.icc-cpi.int/news/details.php?id=1

http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,912330,00.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/13/international/europe/13SERB.html

http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0313/p01s01-woeu.html

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/releases/2003/pr22/en/

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/releases/2003/pr23/en/

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/18/opinion/18TUE2.html



http://deutsche-boerse.com/dax/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d108:s.00003:

4. Harlan K. Ullman and James P. Wade, Shock and Awe: Achieving Rapid Dominance, NDU Press Book, Dec-96. (With: L.A. "Bud" Edney, Fred M. Franks, Charles A. Horner, Jonathan T. Howe, and Keith Brandley.) (Table of Contents.) The Command and Control Research Program (CCRP), Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (C3I).

1. Swearing In Ceremony, International Criminal Court, 11-Mar-03.

2. Ian Black, International Criminal Court Sworn In, The Guardian, 12-Mar-03,

3. Canadian Philippe Kirsch Head Newly Inaugurated International Criminal Court (The Hague, Canadian Press), Canada.com, 11-Mar-03.

http://www.canada.com/news/story.asp?id=%7BA2B2A1AA-E26A-45DB-B837-905FEEA3E074%7D

1. Daniel Simpson, Serb's Premier Is Assassinated; Led in Reforms, NYT, 12-Mar-03.

2. Peter Ford, Assassination Stuns Serbia, The Christian Science Monitor, 13-Mar-03.

1. WHO Issues a Global Alert About Cases of Atypical Pneumonia, World Health Organization, 12-Mar-03.

2. World Health Organization Issues Emergency Travel Advisory, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Spreads Worldwide, World Health Organization, 15-Mar-03.

3. On the Trail of a Mystery Illness, NYT, Editorial, 18-Mar-03.



3. Deutsche BÃ¶rse AG, 13-Mar-2003.1. Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 (Bill S.3), Bill Summary and Status for the 108th Congress, 13-Mar-03. Sponsor: Sen Santorum, Rick [PA] (introduced 14-Feb-03).

1. Questioner Who Prompted Moran's Comments Opposes Resignation, by The Associated Press, in The Daily Press, 15-Mar-03.

http://www.dailypress.com/news/local/virginia/dp-va--moran-jews-questi0315mar15,0,5074088.story?coll=dp-headlines-virginia


http://washingtontimes.com/world/20030314-4538600.htm

http://www.amconmag.com/03_24_03/cover.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/15/national/15JEWS.html?th

http://www.counterpunch.org/ruebner03142003.html

http://www1.chinadaily.com.cn/news/2003-03-15/108115.html

2. Alan Cooperman, Jewish Organizations Worried About Backlash for Iraq War, Groups Are Outraged Over Allegations of Warmongering, The Washington Post, A10, 15-Mar-03.

3. David R. Sands, Powell Denies "Cabal" Drives Iraq Policy, The Washington Post, 14-Mar-03.

4. Patrick J. Buchanan, Whose War? A Neoconservative Clique Seeks to Ensnare Our Country in a Series of Wars that Are Not in America's Interest, The American Conservative, 24-Mar-03.

5. Laurie Goodstein, Divide Among Jews Leads to Silence on Iraq War, NYT, 15-Mar-03.

6. Ellis Shuman, Foreign Ministry Mobilizes to Confront "Theory" Jews Behind Push for Iraq War, Israel Insider, 12-Mar-03.

http://web.israelinsider.com/bin/en.jsp?enPage=ArticlePage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enDispWho=Article%5El2069&enZone=Diplomacy&enVersion=0&

7. Josh Ruebner, An Open Letter to Paul Wolfowitz, To My Former Dean and Other 'Court Jews,' CounterPunch, 14-Mar-03. Josh Ruebner is the co-founder of Jews for Peace in Palestine and Israel (JPPI) and a former Analyst in Middle East Affairs at Congressional Research Service (CRS).

1. Hu Jintao Elected President of China, Chinadaily.com.cn, 15-Mar-03.


http://www.world.water-forum3.com/

http://www.worldwatercouncil.org

http://www.world.water-forum3.com/2003/eng/press/factsfigures.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2854151.stm

http://www.newswire.ca/releases/March2003/14/c0586.html

http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_22-3-2003_pg4_4

http://www.arabnews.com/Article.asp?ID=23853

http://www.ambafrance-us.org/news/briefing/daily_pb.asp



1. President Bush: Monday "Moment of Truth" for World on Iraq, The Azores, Portugal, The White House, Press Release, 16-Mar-03.


1. The Third World Water Forum, World Water Council, Kyoto, Japan, 16/23-Mar-03.

2. Water World Council, Marseille, France, 16-Mar-03.

3. World Water Vision, Making water everybody's business, Water World Council, March 2000. Facts and Figures, The Third World Water Forum, World Water Council, Kyoto, Japan, 16/23-Mar-03.

4. Tim Hirsh, Forum Tackles World Water Crisis, BBC News, 16-Mar-03.

5. CUPE Fights Water Privatization at World Water Forum (Kyoto, Japan, CNW), Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE), Press Release, 14-Mar-03.

6. Khalid Mustafa, Efforts to Privatise Water Infrastructure Condemned (Kyoto, Japan), Daily Times, 22-Mar-03.

1. Rival Camps Stage Rallies in US on Iraq (Associated Press), Arab News, 18-March-03.

1. Statements Made by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Spokesperson (Paris, 17-Mar-03), MinistÃ¨re des affaires Ã©trangÃ¨res (French Foreign Ministry), daily Press Briefing, 17-Mar-03.

2. UK, US and Spain Won't Seek Vote on Draft Resolution, May Take 'Own Steps' to Disarm Iraq, UN News, 17-Mar-03.


3. Annan to Withdraw UN Staff from Iraq, UN News, 17-Mar-03.


1. President Says Saddam Hussein Must Leave Iraq Within 48 Hours, Remarks by the President in Address to the Nation, The White House, Press Release, 17-Mar-03.

2. War Within Hours (Agencies), Arab News, 18-Mar-03.

http://www.moscowtimes.ru/stories/2003/03/18/016.html



http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/js114.htm




http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Mar2003/n03192003_200303199.html

http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/03/19/sprj.irq.main/index.html

http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page3336.asp

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/20/international/worldspecial/20IRAQ.html

3. Catherine Belton and Simon Saradzhyan, Moscow Sticks by Its Opposition to a War, The Moscow Times, 18-Mar-03.

1. National Threat Level Raised, Statement by Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge, The White House, Press Release, 17-March-03.

2. Fact Sheet: Operation Liberty Shield, The White House, Press Release, 17-March-03.

3. U.S. Raises National Threat Level, U.S. Department of State, Washington File, 18-Mar-03.

http://usinfo.state.gov/cgi-bin/washfile/display.pl?p=/products/washfile/geog/nea/iraq&f=03031801.prq&t=/products/washfile/newsitem.shtml

4. Treasury Statement on Measures to Protect the Financial Markets During Hostilities with Iraq and Treasury Fact Sheet on Measures to Protect the Financial Markets During Hostilities with Iraq, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Press Release JS-114, 17-Mar-03.



1. Jim Malone, Iraq Rejects President Bush's Ultimatum, VOA News, 18-Mar-03.

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=40CEBF56-53E3-4035-BA9D4ABDD895794E

2. Creg LaMotte, Iraq 'Does Not Choose Its Path on Orders from a Foreigner,' Saddam Says, VOA News, 18-Mar-03.

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=8C589392-53F7-48E9-93E1C4034E3E4DED

1. President Bush Addresses the Nation, The Oval Office, The White House, 19-Mar-03 (10:20 PM EST).

2. Jim Garamone, War Begins: Coalition Aircraft Attack Iraqi Targets, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 19-Mar-03.

3. Bush Gives Order to Attack Iraq, Cruise Missiles Target Saddam in Morning Attack, CNN, 19-Mar-03. (Contributions from Ryan Chilcote, John King, and Barbara Starr.)

4. PM: A War Not of Conquest but of Liberation, 10 Downing Street, 24-Mar-03.

5. David E. Sanger and John F. Burns, Bush Orders an Assault and Says Americans Will Disarm Foe (Washington, 19-Mar-03), NYT, 20-Mar-03.

http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,81607,00.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2866109.stm


http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/03/21/sprj.irq.saddam.fate/index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/26/international/worldspecial/26AIR.html

http://defenselink.mil/news/Mar2003/n03212003_200303216.html

http://www.janes.com/defence/news/jdw/jdw030321_3_n.shtml

http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/technology/AP-War-Israeli-Arms.html?th

http://www.msnbc.com/news/887126_asp.htm?0cv=NB10

6. United States Launches War Against Iraq, Fox News, 19-Mar-03. (The Associated Press contributed ti this report.)

7. War on Iraq Begins, BBC News, 20-Mar-03.

8. Paula Wolfson, Limited Attack Launched Against Iraq, VOA News,

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=BC1AE6E6-10FB-4601-A7463E5FC0529B9E

9. Tracking Saddam Hussein, BBC News, 20-Mar-03.

10. David Ensor, Jamie McIntyre, and John King, U.S. Thinks Early Strike Shook Iraq's Leadership, Pentagon: Apparent Disarray Has Delayed Bombing, CNN, 21-Mar-03.

11. Eric Schmitt, Top General Concedes Air Attacks Did Not Deliver Knockout Blow, NYT, 25-Mar-03.

1. US-British Forces Ready for Iraq Assault, VOA News, 19-Mar-03. (Report includes information provided by Reuters.)

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=08376AF5-3368-4C3D-B827AD2756267E12

1. Arafat Officially Offers Abbas PM Post, Independent Online, 19-Mar-03.

http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?click_id=3&art_id=qw1048071420977B253&set_id=1

1. Jim Garamone, More Than 700 Coalition Aircraft Pound Iraq (Washington), American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 21-Mar-03.

2. Tom Ripley and Robin Hughes, Coalition Force Capture H2, H3 Complexes, Jane's Defence Weekly (JDW), 21-Mar-03.

3. U.S. Military Employs Israeli Tecnology, by The Associated Press, in NYT, 22-Mar-03.

1. Antiwar Protests Circle the Globe, MSNBC News, 20-Mar-03. (The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.)

http://germany.indymedia.org/2003/03/44956.shtml

http://paris.indymedia.org/article.php3?id_article=1091

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/storydisplay.cfm?storyID=3251179

http://www.guardian.co.uk/antiwar/story/0,12809,918854,00.html


http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/js119.htm





http://deutsche-boerse.com/dax/http://www.nni.nikkei.co.jp/

2. Tag X, von from Protest to Resistance, Independent Media Center, Germany, 19-Mar-03.

3. Mathieu, Halte Ã la guerre !, Independent Media Center, Paris, France, 21-Mar-03.

4. Protests Flare Across Globe as US Strikes Iraq (Reuters), The New Zealand Herald, 21-Mar-03.

5. Rick Green (with Wire Services), War: Marines Lead Way Into Iraq; Helicopter Crash Causes First Casualties, The Hartford Courant, 21-Mar-03.

http://www.ctnow.com/news/local/hc-iraqwar0321.artmar21,0,3621815.story?coll=hc-headlines-local

6. John Vidal, Anne Perkins, Gerard Seenan, and Martin Wainwright, Thousands Take to the Street in Protest as War Begins, Guardian Unlimited, 21-Mar-03.

1. Executive Order: Confiscating and Vesting Certain Iraqi Property, The White House, 20-Mar-03.

2. Prepared Statement of Treasury Secretary John Snow, Returning Iraqi Funds to the Iraqi People, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Press Release JS-119, 20-Mar-03.

3. Kathleen Day, U.S. Seizes $1.4 Billion in Frozen Iraqi Assets, Funds to Defray Cost of Postwar Rebuilding, The Washington Post, 21-Mar-03, A30.

1. Greg LaMotte, Iraq Accuses U.S. of Targeting Civilians, VOA News, 21-Mar-03.

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=9CD80909-6E2D-436E-B408C4FF55B51F48

1. Jim Garamone, Rumsfeld Lists Operation Iraqi Freedom Aims, Objectives, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 21-Mar-03.

2. Jim Garamone, Myers Charts Coalition Military Actions to Date, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 21-Mar-03.


2. Deutsche BÃ¶rse AG, 21-Mar-2003.3. Nikkei Net Interactive, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc., 21-Mar-2003.

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/22/business/22STOX.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/22/international/worldspecial/22BRUS.html


http://www.palestine-pmc.com/details.asp?cat=1&id=672

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2879607.stm

http://www.irna.com/en/head/030324082502.ehe.shtml

http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/01241401.htm


http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/03/23/sprj.irq.bush.remarks/index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/24/international/worldspecial/24MILI.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/2893033.stm

http://www.sabcnews.com/africa/central_africa/0,1009,55901,00.html

http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=33099

http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/03/24/sprj.irq.war.main/index.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/25/international/worldspecial/25INTE.html




4. Jonathan Fuerbringer, Dow's Week Is the Best in Twenty Years, NYT, 22-Mar-03.

1. Elaine Sciolino, France Opposes Proposal for U.S.-British Rule in Iraq, NYT, 22-Mar-03.

1. Michael Powell, Around Globe, Protest Marches, In N.Y., 200,000 Take to Street (New York, 22-Mar-03), Washington Post, 23-Mar-03, A19.

2. Millions Around the Globe Persist in Protests Against US-led War, Pope: War Threatens the 'Destiny of Humanity,' Palestine Media Center (PMC), 23-Mar-03.

1. Gunmen Kill 24 Kahmir Hindus, BBC News, 24-Mar-03.

2. 24 Civilians Massacred in Kashmir, IRNA, 24-Mar-03.

3. Militants Gun Down 24 Kahmiri Pandits (PTI), 24-Mar-03.

1. Jim Garamone, 12 Americans Missing Following Ambush, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 23-Mar-03.

2. Dana Bash, White House 'Outraged' by Iraq's Treatment of American POWs Iraq, CNN, 23-Mar-03.

3. Patrick E. Tyler, Iraq Broadcasts Images of Prisoners - U.S. Assails Ruses, NYT, 23-Mar-o3.

1. Heavy Fighting in Burundi, BBC News, 27-Mar-03.

2. Burundi Army Says More than 70 Killed in Clashes (Reuters), SABC, 27-Mar-03.

3. Burundi: 72 Killed in Muramvya Fighting, UN IRIN, 27-Mar-03.

1. Saddam: U.S. and Allies Are 'Trapped,' CNN, 24-Mar-03. (With contributions from Nic Robertson, Walter Rodgers, Brent Sadler, Martin Savidge, Barbara Starr, Karl Penhaul, and Alessio Vinci.)

2. David Sanger, Officials Fear Iraqis Plan to Use Gas, NYT, 24-Mar-03.



3. Deutsche Boerse AG, 24-Mar-2003.


http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0325/p08s03-comv.html


http://www.gulf-news.com/Articles/news.asp?ArticleID=81967

http://www.dailystar.com.lb/25_03_03/art21.asp

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/26/opinion/26WED4.html

http://money.cnn.com/2003/03/26/commentary/kandel/

http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-phares032603.asp

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/04/technology/04WEB.html

http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/Articles.asp?Article=47537&Sn=WORL

http://www.conference-board.org/utilities/pressDetail.cfm?press_ID=2108

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/27/international/worldspecial/27BAGH.html

http://www.iraqbodycount.net/

1. Jim Garamone, Supplemental Calls for $62.6 Billion for Defense, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 24-Mar-03.

2. Tax-Cut Tango, The Christian Science Monitor, 25-Mar-03.

3. Paula Wolfson, Bush to Press Congress on War Budget, VOA News, 25-Mar-03.

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=CEAEBDA2-E9D6-466C-94EB42CDBE575578

4. President to Submit Wartime Budget (Remarks by the President on the Wartime Supplemental, The Pentagon), The White House, 25-Mar-03.

1. Arab FMs Call for End to War (Cairo, Reuters), Gulf News, 25-Mar-03.

2. Hussain Abdul-Hussain, Divided Arab Countries Issue Antiwar Resolution, The Daily Star, 25-Mar-03.

1. Stock Exchange Follies, NYT, Editorial, 26-Mar-03.

2. Myron Kandel, Keeping Al Jazeera Out, At First Amendment Blush, the NYSE Move Is Bad, But it Has a Potent Endorsement, CNNfn, 26-Mar-03.

3. Walid Phares, Jihad TV, Al-Jazeera, The Global Madrassa, National Review (NRO), 26-Mar-03.

4. Warren St. John, Akamai Cancels a Contract for Arabic Network's Site, NYT, 4-Apr-03.

1. Rallies Back Iraqi Cause, Gulf Daily News, 26-Mar-03.

1. Consumer Confidence Index Dips Two Points in March, The Conference Board Inc., News Release, 25-Mar-03.

1. Liz Sly, Iraq Blames Missile Strike for 14 Deaths, Market Fatalities Put U.S. in a Spot on Civilian Losses, Chicago Tribune, 27-Mar-03.

http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/iraq/chi-0303270304mar27,0,4902547.story

2. John F. Burns, Baghdad Blasts Are Said to Kill 17 Civilians (Baghdad, 26-Mar-03), NYT, 27-Mar-03.

3. Hamit Dardagan and John Sloboda (principal researchers), Iraq Body Count, 27-Mar-03.

http://www.iraqbodycount.net/bodycount.htm#db

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/26/business/26HOME.html

http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/hist/cc_hist_mt.html

http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/opd/opdpenny.htm

http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/Z1/Current/Coded/

http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/Z1/Current/Coded/coded-2.pdf

http://www.bayarea.com/mld/mercurynews/news/politics/5498573.htm

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/25/business/25GLOB.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/24/opinion/24MON3.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40076-2003Mar27.html

http://www.odam.osd.mil/omp/pdf/412.pdf

http://www-hoover.stanford.edu/pubaffairs/newsletter/02041/power.html

http://www.prospect.org/print/V12/22/marshall-j.html

http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0313-10.htm

4. Hamit Dardagan and John Sloboda (principal researchers), The Iraq Body Count Database, Iraq Body Count, 27-Mar-03.

1. Riva D. Atlas, Home Equity Borrowing Rises to Worrisome Levels, NYT, 26-Mar-03.

2. Consumer Credit Outstanding (not seasonally adjusted), The Federal Reserve Board, Federal Reserve Statistical Release G.19, 7-Mar-03.

3. The Debt to the Penny, Bureau of the Public Debt, U.S. Department of the Treasury, 27-Mar-03.

4. Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States, Federal Reserve Statistical Release Z.1, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC, 6-Mar-03.

5. Ibid., Table D.3 Debt Outstanding by Sector.

1. Tim Johnson, Perle Resigns from Defense Policy Board (Knight Ridder Newspapers), The Mercury News, 27-Mar-03.

2. Stephen Labaton, Democrat Seeks Inquiry on Bankrupt Firm's Adviser (Washington, 24-Mar-3), NYT, 25-Mar-03.

3. Richard Perle's Conflict, NYT, 24-Mar-03.4. Walter Pincus and Christopher Lee, Perle Resigns as Pentagon Panel Chairman, Facing Conflict-of-Interest Questions, Adviser Says He Doesn't Want to be a Distraction, The Washington Post, 28-Mar-03, A06.

5. Charter, Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee (DPBAC), Director of Administration and Management (DA&M), Office of the Secretary of Defense, U.S. Department of Defense, 27-Mar-03.

6. Managing American Power Conference Points to U.S. Assets, Liabilities, and Choices, Hoover Institution, 16-Apr-02.

7. Joshua Micah Marshall, Inside Job, The American Prospect, vol. 12, no. 2, 17-Dec-01.

8. Russell Mokhiber, Ari & I, Whitehouse Press Briefing with Ari Fleisher, Common Dreams, 13-Mar-03.

http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2003/3011neocon_exit.html

http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2002/2933what_is_dpb.html

http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/EC29Ad03.html

http://defenselink.mil/news/Mar2003/b03272003_bt165-03.html


http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/631/fr1.htm


http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2897711.stm


http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200303/29/eng20030329_114207.shtml


9. Michele Steinberg, Cheney and Perle To Go Down Like Ollie North?, Executive Intelligence Review, 21-Mar-03.

10. Michele Steinberg, Rumsfeld's 'Feith and Bum' Corp.: What Is Defense Policy Board?, Executive Intelligence Review, 30-Aug-02.

11. Jason Leopold, Prince of Darkness: Deals in the Shadows, Asia Times, 29-Mar-03.

12. Secretary of Defense Accepts Perle's Resignation, U.S. Department of Defense, News Release No. 165-03, 27-Mar-03.

1. Jim Garamone, Iraqi Units May Have Orders to Use Chem/Bio Weapons, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 28-Mar-03.

1. Hani Shukrallah, Imploding Strategy, A Week Into the War and it Is the Planners of the Illegal Invasion Who are in Shock, (Photo of Demonstrators by Randa Shaath), Al-Ahram Weekly, 27-Mar/2-Apr-03.

1. Air Raid on Baghdad Market Leaves at Least 55 Dead, Iraqi Information Minister Vows 'Living Hell for Invaders' (Agencies), The Daily Star, 29-Mar-03.

2. Fresh Strikes Pound Baghdad, BBC News, 28-Mar-03.

3. Gerry J. Gilmore, Hussein's Ba'ath Party Hangouts Blasted; 200 Killed in Air Attacks, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 29-Mar-03.

4. Stephanie Ho, Coalition Bombing Raids Continue, Heavy Fighting in Nasiriya, VOA News, 29-Mar-03.

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectid=2F5CD4A7-E8C6-4C21-B6F50B48988B6EB7

5. Iraq, Testing Ground for US Hi-Tech Weapons, People's Daily, 29-Mar-03.

6. Hamit Dardagan and John Sloboda (principal researchers), Iraq Body Count, 29-Mar-03.

7. Iraqi Missile Shakes Kuwait City, VOA News, 29-Mar-03.

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=82D74610-4234-4603-80CF6C158F6C831F

1. Patrick Seale, The United States and Britain Are Heading for Disaster, Al-Hayat, 28-Mar-08.

http://english.daralhayat.com/comment/27-03-2003/Article-20030327-310e9d4a-c0a8-01fc-0042-a1eda10aa00d/story.html

http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=6608&Cr=iraq&Cr1=relief

http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/middleeast/view/36104/1/.html

http://www.who.int/csr/sarscountry/2003_03_28/en/

http://www.who.int/csr/sarsareas/2003_03_28/en/

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/30/international/worldspecial/30PROT.html


http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,926169,00.html

1. Iraq: Security Council Adopts Adjustments to Oil-for-Food Programme, UN News, 28-Mar-03.

2. Baghdad Rejects New UN Oil-for-Food Resolution, Channel NewsAsia, 29-Mar-03.

1. Cumulative Number of SARS Cases, From 1-Nov-02, To 28-Mar-03 14:00 GMT+1, World Health Organization, 28-Mar-03.

2. Affected Areas - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), World Health Organization, 28-Mar-03.

1. Fox Butterfield, Thousands Join in Boston to Demand End of War (Boston, 29-Mar-03), NYT, 30-Mar-03.

2. More Anti-War Protests Worldwide (Reuters), The New Zealand Herald, 30-mar-03.

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/storydisplay.cfm?storyID=3301234&thesection=news&thesubsection=world

1. Islamic Jihad to Send Suicide Bombers to Iraq, Dar Al-Hayat, 30-Mar-03.

http://english.daralhayat.com/arab_news/30-03-2003/20030330-AP_AP392392.txt/story.html

2. Gerry J. Gilmore, Bomb Kills U.S. Troops Near Najaf; Iraqi Missile Damages Kuwait City Mall, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 29-Mar-03.

3. Suzanne Goldenberg, Tribal Chiefs Vow to Fight to the Death for Saddam, Guardian Unlimited, 31-Mar-03.

4. Patrick E. Tyler, Iraq Vows to Use 'Any Method' Against Foe, NYT, 30-Mar-03.

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/30/international/worldspecial/30MILI.html?th

http://www.thestar.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=132&fArticleId=102400


http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/04/01/sprj.irq.war.main.int/






http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Apr2003/n04012003_200304015.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/02/international/worldspecial/02CAPI.html


http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/01/business/01INSU.html

1. Hundreds of Thousands Rally in Jakarta Against Iraq War, (Jakarta, Agencies), The Jakarta Post, 31-Mar-03.

http://www.thejakartapost.com/detaillatestnews.asp?fileid=20030330145725&irec=2

2. Tiarma Siboro, Hundreds of Thousands Call for End of War, The Jakarta Post, 31-Mar-03.


3. Protesters Rally to Condemn Conflict (Reuters), The Star, 31-Mar-03.

1. Jim Garamone, More than 100,000 Troops in Iraq, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 31-Mar-03.

2. Civilians Die in Checkpoint Drama, CNN, 1-Apr-03.

3. US Inquiry Into Civilian Killings, BBC News, 1-Apr-03.

4. William Branigin, A Gruesome Scene on Highway 9, 10 Dead After Vehicle Shelled at Checkpoint (Near Karbala, Iraq, 31-Mar-03), The Washington Post, 1-Apr-03, A01.

5. Hamit Dardagan and John Sloboda (principal researchers), Iraq Body Count, 1-Apr-03.

1. Hamzah Backs Tentative Plan to Drop U.S. dollar, The Jakarta Post, 31-Mar-03.




1. Jim Garamone, Myers Slams Monday Morning Armchair Quarterbacks, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 1-Apr-03.

2. Tom Shanker and John Tierney, Top General Denounces Internal Dissent on Iraq, NYT, 2-Apr-03.

3. Hamit Dardagan and John Sloboda (principal researchers), Iraq Body Count, 2-Apr-03 [00:20 EST].

1. David Cay Johnston, Insurance Loophole Helps Rich, NYT, 1-Apr-03.

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/04/business/04INSU.html

http://micro.newswire.ca/releases/April2003/01/c6399.html/13213-0


http://www.philstar.com



http://news.independent.co.uk/world/politics/story.jsp?story=393764

http://defenselink.mil/news/Apr2003/n04032003_200304035.html

2. David Cay Johnston, Tax Shelter Draws Attention, NYT, 4-Apr-03.

1. Air Canada to Restructure Under CCAA (CNW Telbec), Air Canada, News Release, 1-Apr-03.

2. Terry Weber, Air Canada Files for Bankruptcy Protection, The Globe and Mail, 1-Apr-03.

http://www.globeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20030401.wbaircanada20401/BNStory/Business

3. Nicolas Van Praet, Air Canada Shares Battered, Bankruptcy Protection Is in the Picture. War, SARS, Fuel Prices, Competition Eat Away at Carrier as Stock Drops 19%, The Gazette, 1-Apr-01.

http://www.canada.com/montreal/specials/business/story.html?id=%7B56F16D87-AA15-4D69-827B-969D0F4EBC91%7D

1. Jim Garamone, Coalition Destroying Iraqi Republican Guard, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 2-Apr-03.

2. Roger Wilkinson (Doha), U.S. Forces Claim Victory Over a Key Division of Republican Guards, VOA News, 2-Apr-03.

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=25CAE4C7-F0F8-4814-BF69885A6E7D02C3

3. John M. Broder, Division of Republican Guard Is Destroyed, Central Command Says, NYT, 2-Apr-03.

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/02/international/worldspecial/02CND-IRAQ.html

1. 15 Die, 35 Injured in Wharf Blast; Davao in 'State of Lawlessness' (AFP/Sun.Star Davao), Sun Star, 3-Apr-03.

http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/net/2003/04/03/15.die.35.injured.in.wharf.blast.davao.in.state.of.lawlessness..html

2. Edith Regalado, Davao Port Bombed; 15 Killed, The Philippine Star, 3-Apr-03. (With Marichu Villanueva, Roel Pareno, AFP.)

1. Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2-Apr-03.

2. The Nasdaq Stock Market Inc., 2-Apr-03.

3. Deutsche Boerse AG, 2-Apr-03.1. David Usborne, U.S. Warned that Oil Cannot Provide Funds, The Independent, 3-Apr-03.

2. Mark Turner, UN Spells Out Limits of US Post-Conflict Rights, Financial Times, 3-Apr-03.

http://news.ft.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=FT.com/StoryFT/FullStory&c=StoryFT&cid=1048313453147

3. Kathleen T. Rhem, Powell: Post-War Iraq to Transfer Quickly to Iraqi Control, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 3-Apr-03.

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/05/international/worldspecial/05DIPL.html

http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d108:SN762:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A21264-2003Apr3.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/04/international/worldspecial/04COST.html


http://www.albawaba.com/news/index.php3?sid=246186&lang=e&dir=news



http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/4163463.htm





4. David E. Sanger with John Tagliabue, Bush Aid Says U.S., Not U.N., Will Rebuild Iraq (Washington, 4-Apr-03), NYT, 5-Apr-03.

1. Bill S.762: An Original Bill Making Supplemental Appropriations to Support Department of Defense Operations in Iraq, Department of Homeland Security, and Related Efforts for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2003, and for Other Purposes, U.S. Senate, 3-Apr-03.

2. Senate Approves Bill to Pay for War in Iraq, VOA News, 3-Apr-03.

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=4602F54E-4822-4283-9991B0CC1DFAC05C

3. Senate OKs $80 Billion for War (Associated Press), The Washington Post, 3-Aprl-03. (Associated Press writer Jim Abrams contributed to this report.)

4. David Firestone, House and Senate Approve Bush's Wartime Spending Request (Washington, 3-Apr-03), NYT, 4-Apr-03.

1. U.S. Says 320 Iraqi Troops Killed in Airport Battle (Reuters), The Washington Post, 3-Apr-03.

2. US Army Says Saddam Airport Occupied, 320 Iraqi Soldiers Killed, Al Bawaba, 4-Apr-03.

3. Naseer Al-Nahr, Exclusive: U.S. Takes Baghdad Airport as World Awaits Republican Guard Respponse, Arab News, 4-Apr-03. (With input from Agencies.)

4. US 'Secures' Baghdad Airport, BBC News, 4-Apr-03.

5. US in Partial Control of Baghdad Airport, 2,500 Rep. Guards Surrender, Deutsche Welle, 4-Apr-03.

http://www.dw-world.de/english/0,3367,1429_WM_B_20030404_14:00_2,00.html

6. Hassan Hafidh, Iraqi Muslim Preacher Denies Airport Capture, Reuters AlertNet, 4-Apr-03.

7. Hamit Dardagan and John Sloboda (principal researchers), Iraq Body Count, 4-Apr-03 [10:29 AM EST].

1. Saddam's Publicity Coup, in Baghdad Takes Overnight Pounding, BBC News, 5-Apr-03.

2. John F. Burns, Iraqi TV Presents a Relaxed Hussein (Baghdad, 4-Apr-03), NYT, 5-Apr-03.

3. Iraqi President Appears in Public Walkabout, Al Jazeera, 5-Apr-03.

http://writ.news.findlaw.com/commentary/20030404_fletcher.html

http://www.wsws.org/articles/2003/mar2003/icc-m17.shtml

http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engmde140572003




http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/06/international/worldspecial/06FORC.html

http://www.cfr.org/background/background_iraq_no_weapons.php


4. Iraqi Women Carry Out Suicide Attack; Two US Soldiers Killed in Airport Battle, Al Bawaba, 4-Apr-03.

http://english.aljazeera.net/topics/article.asp?cu_no=1&item_no=1803&version=1&template_id=277&parent_id=258

1. Lawrence Smallman, War Leaders May Face War Crimes Charges, Al Jazeera, 4-Apr-03.


2. Estrella Torres (TODAY), Bush, Allies May Be Liable Before Global Court, Says R.P. Jurist, ABS-CBN TODAY, 2-Apr-03.

http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/abs_news_body.asp?section=National&oid=19702

3. George P. Fletcher, War Crimes Proceedings in Iraq? The Bush Administration's Dilemma, FindLaw, 4-Apr-03.

4. Stefan Lovgren, Iraq Conflict: Following the "Laws of War"?, National Geographic News, 4-Apr-03.

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0404_030404_lawsofwar.html

5. Stefan Steinberg, America Snubs New International Criminal Court, World Socialist Web Site, 17-Mar-03.

6. In the Shadow of War: Backlash Against Human Rights, Amnesty International, AI Index MDE 14/057/2003, 30-Mar-03.

1. Jim Garamone, Infantry Division Takes Drive Through Baghdad, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 5-Apr-03.

2. John F. Burns, Defiant Iraqis Say U.S. Advance Has Been Broken, NYT, 5-Apr-03.

3. Patrick E. Tyler with Steven Lee Myers, Another Thrust Into the Capital, NYT, 7-Apr-03.

4. Thom Shanker and Eric Schmitt, Covert Units Conduct an Invisible Campaign (Washington, 5-Apr-03), NYT, 6-Apr-03.

5. Ruben Bannerjee, Britain Admits There May Be No WMD's in Iraq, Al Jazeera, 6-Apr-03.


6. Iraq, The Search for Banned Weapons, Council on Foreign Relations, 4-Apr-03.

7. Hamit Dardagan and John Sloboda (principal researchers), Iraq Body Count, 5-Apr-03 [22:55 EST].

http://www.paknews.com/main.php?id=5&date1=2003-04-06


http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0407/p06s02-woiq.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/08/international/worldspecial/08BASR.html

http://msnbc.com/news/896991.asp


http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/business/1856839


http://www.startribune.com/stories/587/3813008.html

http://www.kcna.co.jp/index-e.htm

http://reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=topNews&storyID=2525269




1. Pak-US Sign $1b Debt Cancellation Agreement (PNS), Pakistan News Service, 6-Apr-03.

2. United States Forgives $1 Billion in Pakistani Debt, Dar Al-Hayat, 5-Apr-03.

http://english.daralhayat.com/world_news/05-04-2003/Article-20030405-5cc6d3e4-c0a8-01fc-002e-3da83d6ec6e5/story.html

1. Jim Garamone, U.S. Units Take Presidential Palace, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 7-Apr-03.

2. David Rohde, Kurdish Officials Say U.S. Bombing Kills 18, NYT, 6-Apr-03.

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/06/international/worldspecial/06CND-FRIEND.html

3. Ilene R. Prusher, Friendly Fire Hits Northern Front (Dibagah, Iraq) The Christian Science Monitor, 7-Apr-03.

1. Basra Falls, Though Fighting Persists (Basra, Iraq, 7-Apr-03), NYT, 8-Apr-03.

1. Pete Williams (NBC News), U.S.: No International Iraqi Court, War Crimes to go Before Pan-Arab Courts, Military Panels, MSNBC, 7-Apr-03.

2. Gerry J. Gilmore, Iraqi Regime: 'Systematic Disregard for the Law of War,' American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 7-Apr-03.

3. David Ivanovich, Oil Pits U.S. Against Other Powers, Disputes Loom in U.N. Over Contracts in Iraq, Houston Chronicle, 7-Apr-03.

4. Jackie Spinner, Procedures on Iraq Contracts Draw Fire on Hill, The Washington Post, 9-Apr-03, A33.

5. Larry Margasak (Associated Press), Congressional Democrats Want Investigation of Halliburton, Star Tribune, 9-Apr-03.

1. Kingpin of State Terrorism, Korean Central News Agency of DPRK, 7-Apr-03.

2. North Korea Says U.S. Wants to Commit 'Terrorism,' Reuters, 8-Apr-03.

1. Jim Garamone, U.S. Units Take Presidential Palace, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 7-Apr-03.

2. U.S. Troops Storm Central Baghdad, BBC News, 7-Apr-03.

3. Patrick E. Tyler, It Was Unclear Who Was Inside or Whether Anyone Was Killed, NYT, 8-Apr-03.


http://www.gulf-news.com/Articles/news.asp?ArticleID=83555


http://www.cpj.org/news/2003/Iraq08apr03na.html


http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2003-04-09-celebrate_x.htm




http://msnbc.com/news/897682.asp


4. Richard Norton-Taylor, Oliver Burkeman (Washington), and Rory McCarthy (Camp As Sayliya, Qatar), Saddam Survived Attack on Building Say British Intelligence Sources, The Guardian, 9-Apr-03.

5. Defiant Iraq Says Coalition Is Losing Steam (Bahdad, Reuters), Gulf News, 8-Apr-03.

6. Hamit Dardagan and John Sloboda (principal researchers), Iraq Body Count, 8-Apr-03 [23:34 ET].

1. Iraq: CPJ Condemns Journalists' Death in Iraq, Group Calls for an Investigation, Committee to Protect Journalists, Press Release, 8-Apr-03.

2. K. S. Ramkumar and Javid Hassan, Exclusive: Outrage at Killing of Journalists, Arab News, 9-Apr-03.

1. Mark MacKinnon, U.S. Tanks Roll Unopposed Into Baghdad, The Globe and Mail, 9-Apr-03. (With reports from Oliver Moore and Associated Press.)

http://www.globeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20030409.wmain0409_5/BNStory/International

2. Donna Leinwand (Doha, Qatar), Celebrations Erupt in Iraqi City, USA TODAY, 9-Apr-03.

3. Looters Strike at Will Amid Baghdad Chaos, Gulf Daily News, 10-Apr-03.

4. Basra Residents Beg British to Impose Law and Order then Leave, Troops Stood By as Looters Ransacked Hotel, Schools and Hospital, The Daily Star, 9-Apr-03. (Agencies.)

5. Preston Mendenhall (Sulaimanyah, Iraq, 9-Apr-03), A 'Dream' for Kurds in Northern Iraq, Long Oppressed Minority Cheers Fall of Baghdad, MSNBC, 9-Apr-03.

6. Heba Saleh (Cairo), Caroline Hawley (Amman), Miranda Eeles (Tehran), and Kim Ghattas (Damascus), Arab World Reacts to Fall of Baghdad, BBC News, 9-Apr-03.

7. Editorial: Against the Occupation, Arab News, 10-Apr-03.


http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=6708&Cr=iraq&Cr1=relief



http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2003/01/index.htm

http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2003/01/data/index.htm




http://reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=focusIraqNews&storyID=2547384

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2938073.stm


8. Kathleen T. Rhem, Iraqi Regime in 'Disarray,' Officials Concerned About Prisoners, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 7-Apr-03.

9. Humanitarian Crisis Looms in Iraq Because of Breakdown in Law and Order - UN, UN News, 9-Apr-03.



1. World Economic Outlook, Growth and Institutions, Apr-03, IMF, 9-Apr-03.

2. The World Economic Outlook (WEO) Database, Apr-03, IMF, 9-Apr-03.

1. Jeffrey Fleishman and Pauk Watson, Northern Oil Hub Falls to U.S., Kurds, Los Angeles Times, 10-Apr-03.

http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/iraq/battle/la-war-iraq11apr11.story

2. Daniel Williams, Kurds Seize Oil Hub in Northern Iraq, Kirkuk Taken in Quick Move; Powell Tries to Molligy Turks (Kirkuk, Iraq, 10-Apr-03), Washington Post, 11-Apr-03, A01. (Carl Vick and Jonathan Weisman contributed to this report.)

3. Looters Rule Baghdad, Al Jazeera, 11-Apr-03. (With Agency inputs.)


4. Essam Al-Ghalib, Descent Into Anarchy, Arab News, 11-Apr-03.

5. Arab Street Finds Capitulation Hard to Swallow, Al Jazeera, 11-Apr-03. (Compiled fron Agency reports.)


6. Nick Paton Walsh, Julian Borger, Ian Black, and Richard Norton-Taylor, Spy Agencies Compete to Find Saddam Secrets, Guardian Unlimited, 11-Apr-03.

1. Anna Willard, World Bank, IMF Shareholders Split on Iraq, Reuters, 10-Apr-03.

2. Steve Schifferes, US Urges World Bank to Aid Iraq, BBC News, 11-Apr-03.

3. Paul Blustein, U.S. Plans for Iraqi Economy Hits Friction, To Help, World Bank Says It Needs U.N. Go-Ahead, Washington Post, 11-Apr-03, A34.


http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/news/story/0,11711,935267,00.html



http://www.msnbc.com/news/898588.asp?0sl=-20&cp1=1

http://www.msnbc.com/news/899163.asp


http://www.observer.co.uk/iraq/story/0,12239,936011,00.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/13/international/worldspecial/13SCIE.html



http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Apr2003/pipc10042003.html

1. Karl Vick and Steve Vogel, Kurds' Looting Sweeps Across Liberated Kirkuk, U.S. Forces Out of Sighr for Most of Day, Washington Post, 12-Apr-03, A23.

2. Luke Harding, Mosul Descends Into Chaos as Even Museum Is Looted, The Guardian, 12-Apr-03.

3. Dexter Filkins, In Baghdad, Free of Hussein, a Day of Mayhem, NYT, 12-Apr-03.

4. Robert Fisk (The Independent), Baghdad's Buildings Burn as Looters Run Riot, Arab News, 12-Apr-03.

5. In Iraq a New Battle with Chaos, Looting Spreads to Mosul; Aid Groups Say U.S. Must Restore Order (NBC News and News Services), MSNBC News, 12-Apr-03. (The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.)

6. Michael Dobbs and John Mintz (The Washington Post), Race On to Locate Hussein's Billions, Funds May Be Hidden in Labyrinthine Network by Family, MSNBC News, 12-Apr-03.

7. Hamit Dardagan and John Sloboda (principal researchers), Iraq Body Count, 12-Apr-03 [1:04 ET].

1. Peter Beaumont, Patrick Graham, and Antony Barnett (The Observer), Saddam's Weapons Chief Surrenders to U.S. Forces, (Guardian Unlimited), 13-Apr-03.

2. Craig S. Smith, Hussein's Top Science Adviser Surrenders to U.S. Marines (Baghdad, Iraq, 12-Apr-03) NYT, 13-Apr-3.

3. Saddam Aide Surrenders, BBC News, 12-Apr-03.

4. Linda D. Kozaryn, Deck of Cards Helps Troops Identify Regime's Most Wanted, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 12-Apr-03.

5. Personality Identification Playing Cards, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 12-Apr-03.

6. Iraqi Top 55, Headquarters United States Central Command, MacDill AFB, FL, Press Release 03-04-112, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 12-Apr-03.

http://www.centcom.mil/CENTCOMNews/news_release.asp?NewsRelease=200304112.txt

7. Chidanand Rajghata, US Hunts for Dr Germ and Mrs Anthrax, The Times of India, 14-Apr-03.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/html/uncomp/articleshow?msid=43306522

http://www.spacewar.com/2003/030412212717.6rit3k7f.html

http://www.spacewar.com/2003/030413022041.24np1x6g.html

http://www1.chinadaily.com.cn/news/2003-04-13/111811.html

http://jang.com.pk/thenews/apr2003-daily/13-04-2003/main/main9.htm

http://www.csbaonline.org/

http://www.g24.org/04-03ENG.pdf

http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_232936,0005.htm



1. Despite Fall of Iraq Regime, Anti-war Groups Keep On Marching (Paris, AFP), SpaceWar, 12-Apr-03.

2. Michael Drudge, Thousands Protest Iraq War in London, VOA News, 12-Apr-03.

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=81315CEC-2E71-43B2-9E21553A483DF7AF

3. At Least 10,000 Protest in Washington Against "Endless War," (Washington, AFP), SpaceWar, 13-Apr-03.

4. Antiwar Protesters [S]witch Focus to Iraq Occupation (Agencies), China Daily, 13-Apr-03.

5. World-Wide Protests Continue as War on Iraq Winds Down, The News International, 13-Apr-03.

1. Global Poverty Goals Within Reach But Only With Strong Action on Trade, Aid and Investing in People, World Development Indicators Report tracks Progress Towards Millennium Development Goals, Shows Africa Lagging Behind, The World Bank Group, Press Release No. 2003/287/S, 13-Apr-03.

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20104957~menuPK:34463~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html

2. The World Bank on the Middle East and North Africa, The World Bank Group, 12-Apr-03.

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20104929~menuPK:34457~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html

3. Steven M. Kosiak, Analysis of the Administration's FY 2003 Supplemental Request for the War with Iraq, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, 31-Mar-03.

4. Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International Monetary Affairs and Development, CommuniquÃ©, G-24 Secretariat, 69-th Meeting, Washington, DC, 11-Apr-03.

5. S. Rajagopalan, Poor Nations Fear Iraq War Will Hit Economy, Seek More Aid, Hindustan Times, 12-Apr-3.

1. Manny Fernandez, Peaceful Protest Puts Focus Back on IMF, Washington Post, 14-Apr-03, B01. (Paul Blustein and Paul Schwartzman contributed to this report.)

1. Elation Wears Off, Iraqis Blame US (Agencies), The Times of India, 14-Apr-03.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/html/uncomp/articleshow?msid=43304040

1. Jim Garamone, Marines in Tikrit, Encounter Sporadic Resistance, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 14-Apr-03.



http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/15/international/worldspecial/15TIKR.html



http://www.genome.gov/11006929



http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/15/science/15GENO.html

http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/

http://www.genome.gov/http://www.genome.gov/10001772


2. Pentagon: Combat is Over; Two Aircraft Carriers Return Home, Al Bawaba, 15-Apr-03.

3. Last City Falls to U.S. (Agencies), Arab News, 15-Apr-03.

4. Dexter Filkins, In Hometown, Hussein's Glory Is Quickly Gone, NYT, 15-Apr-03.

5. War 'Close to End,' BBC News, 15-Apr-03.

6. Jim Garamone, Shape of Coalition Forces Will Change as War Winds Down, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 14-Apr-03.

1. International Consortium Completes Human Genome Project, All Goals Achieved; New Vision for Genome Research Unveiled, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy, Bethesda, MD, 14-Apr-03.

2. International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, NHGRI, NIH, 14-Apr-03.

3. Human Genome Project Goals, NHGRI, NIH, 14-Apr-03.

4. Nicholas Wade, Scientists Say Human Genome Is Complete, NYT, 14-Apr-03.

5. Genome Programs of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, 3-Apr-03.

6. Genome.gov, NHGRI, NIH, 14-Apr-03.7. Introduction to the Human Genome Project, NHGRI, NIH, Educational Resource, 14-Apr-03.

1. Karen DeYoung, U.S. Toughens Warnings to Syria on Iraq, Other Issues, Washington Post, 15-Apr-03, A01. (Michael Dobbs and Colum Lynch contributed to this report.)



http://usembassy-australia.state.gov/hyper/2002/0521/epf208.htm

http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2001/html/10249.htm

http://www.escwa.org.lb/information/press/escwa/2003/apr/14.html



http://www.ananova.com/news/story/sm_771334.html

http://www.whitehouse.gov/homeland/


http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/display?theme=29&content=320http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14902-2003Apr12.html

http://www.consilium.eu.int/pressData/en/misc/75478.pdf

2. Nicholas Blanford, Hizbullah: 'Whatever Happens, We Are Ready,' Resistance Remains Defiant as Analysts Say Group Could Be Next on Washington's List, The Daily Star, 15-Apr-03.

3. Press Briefing by Ari Fleisher, The White House, 14-Apr-03,

4. State Department Report Cites Seven State-Sponsors of Terrorism, Office of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State, Washington File, EPF207, 21-May-02.

5. Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism, in Patterns of Global Terrorism-2001, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, U.S. Department of State, 21-May-02.

1. ESCWA Opens Twenty-Second Ministerial Session (UN Information Service), ESCWA, Beirut, Lebanon, 14-Apr-03.

1. Ian Fisher (Baghdad, Iraq, 15-Apr-03), Free to Protest, Iraqi Complain About the U.S., NYT, 16-Apr-03.

2. Essam Al-Ghalib, 'No to Saddam, No to U.S.', Arab News, 16-Apr-03. (With input from AFP.)

3. U.S. Forces Accused of Killing 17 Civilians in Mosul, Ananova, 16-Apr-03.

1. Homeland Security, The White House, 16-Apr-03.

2. Threat Level Returns to Yellow, Statement by Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge, The White House, Press Release, 16-Apr-03.

3. Homeland Security Advisory System.4. Michael Barbaro, Homeland Security for Sale, Firms Shift Focus to Capitalize on Defense Spending, Washington Post, TechNews, 14-Apr-03, E01.

1. Athens Declaration, Council of the European Union, SN 1803/1/03 rev1, Athens, Greece, 16-Apr-03.

http://www.dw-world.de/english/0,3367,1429_W_834245,00.html

http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2003/04/16042003172352.asp


http://www.usaid.gov/press/releases/2003/pr030417.html

https://supplier.bechtel.com/bni/usaid/


http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/18/international/worldspecial/18REBU.html

http://www.capitaleye.org/iraqchart.3.12.03.asp

http://www.opensecrets.org/news/rebuilding_iraq/index.asp


http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/030419/2003041911.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/20/international/worldspecial/20BASE.html

http://www.thescotsman.co.uk/index.cfm?id=456412003


2. EU Summit Opens in Athens, Deutsche Welle, 16-Apr-03.

3. Breffni O'Rourke, EU Leaders Seek to Heel Wounds at Enlargement Summit in Athens, Radio Free Europe, 16-Apr-03.

1. Jim Garamone, DoD Getting $62.9 Billion to Help Pay for War, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 16-Apr-03.

1. USAID Awards Iraq Infrastructure Contract, U.S. Agency for International Development, Press Release 2003-028, 17-Apr-03.

2. Iraq Reconstruction - USAID Project, Bechtel Group Inc., 17-Apr-03.

3. Jackie Spinner, 'Open' Contest Pledged for Iraq Subcontracts, Washington Post, 18-Apr-03.

4. Paul Knox, White House Fast Tracks Tenders to Rebuild Iraq, The Globe and Mail, 19-Apr-03.

http://www.globeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20030418.wxbech0418/BNStory/Front

5. Elizabeth Becker and Richard A. Oppel Jr., U.S. Gives Bechtel a Major Contract in Rebuilding Iraq, NYT, 18-Apr-03.

2. The Bidders: Campaign Contributions Since Since 1999, Capital Eye, 12-Mar-03. (Listed data source: Federal Election Commission, 5-Mar-03.)

3. Rebuilding Iraq -- The Contractors, Opensecrets.org, Center for Responsive Politics, 7-Apr-03.

1. Iraqis Protest U.S. Military Presence, VOA News, 18-Apr-03. (Some information for this report provided by AFP and Reuters.)

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=7FA21815-76E5-4FD6-B62D787CA7415A21

2. Editorial: Message from Iraqis, Arab News, 19-Apr-03.

1. Demonstration in Baghdad Rejecting Occupation; US Forces Redeployed, Arabic News, 19-Apr-03.

1. Thom Shanker and Eric Schmitt (Washington, DC, 19-Apr-03), Pentagon Expects Long-Term Access to For Key Bases in Iraq, NYT, 20-Apr-03.

2. Alex Massie, US Calls for 4 Military Bases in Iraq, The Scotsman, 21-Apr-03.

3. Abdul Basit Haqqani, The Rebirth of Imperialism, Daily Times, 21-Apr-03.


http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/22/international/worldspecial/22PENT.html


http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/21/international/worldspecial/21CHEM.html



http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/23/business/23GREE.html




http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_04_23/en/

http://www.who.int/csr/sarscountry/2003_04_23/en/

http://www.cbc.ca/stories/2003/04/23/sars_officials030423


4. Bradley Graham, U.S. Won't Seek Bases in Iraq, Rumsfeld Says (21-Apr-03) Washington Post, Apr-22-03, A11.

5. Rumsfeld Denies U.S. Has Plans for Permanent Iraq Bases (Washington, DC, 21-Apr-03), NYT, 22-Apr-03.

1. US Captures Two Key Iraq Officials, Gulf Daily News, 21-Apr-03.

2. Judith Miller, Illicit Arms Kept Till Eve of War, an Iraqi Scientist Is Said to Assert (With the 101st Airborne Division, South of Baghdad, Iraq, 20-Apr-03), NYT, 21-Apr-03.

1. Jim Garamone, More Regime Captured, Army Takes Control of Baghdad (Washington, DC), American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 21-Apr-03.

1. Hundreds of Thousands of Shia Gather in Karbala, Al Jazeera, 22-Apr-03.

http://english.aljazeera.net/topics/article.asp?cu_no=1&item_no=3081&version=1&template_id=277

2. Freedom Bares Divisions, Shia Cleric Fears Terror Attack (Kuwait City, 21-Apr-03, Agencies), Arab Times, 22-Apr-03.

http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=194&cat=a

3. Anthony Shadid, Leading Shiite Cleric Denounces U.S. Presence in Iraq (Karbala, Iraq), Washington Post, 23-Apr-03. (Peter Finn and Monte Reel contributed to this report.)

1. Richard W. Stevenson, Bush Backs Greenspan for Another Term at Fed (Washington, DC, 22-Apr-03) NYT, 23-Apr-03.



4. Deutsche BÃ¶rse AG, 22-Apr-03.1. WHO Extends its SARS-Related Travel Advice to Beijing and Shanxi Province in China and to Toronto Canada, World Health Organization, 23-Apr-03.

2. Cumulative Number of Reported Probable Cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), From 1-Nov-02 To 23-Apr-03, 16:00 GMT+2, World Health Organization, 23-Apr-03.

3. SARS Experts Say WHO Advisory 'An Over-Reaction,' CBC News, 23-Apr-03.

1. Glenn Kessler, N. Korea Says It Has Nuclear Arms, At Talks with U.S., Pyongyang Threatens 'Demonstration' or Export of Weapon, Washington Post, 25-Apr-03, A01. (John Pomfret, Doug Struck, and Dana Priest contributed to this report.)




http://fpeng.peopledaily.com.cn/200304/25/eng20030425_115797.shtml

http://www.un.org/apps/sg/sgstats.asp?nid=322

http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/04/25/sprj.irq.war.main/index.html



http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2975493.stm


http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200304/25/eng20030425_115788.shtml

http://www.airbus.com/dynamic/media/press_releases.asp#1265

http://www.tehrantimes.com/Description.asp?Da=4/26/03&Cat=4&Num=002







2. N. Korea Blames US in Nuclear Row, BBC News, 25-Apr-03.

3. U.S. Attempt to Stiffle the DPRK Bound to Go Bust, KCNA, 22-Apr-03.

4. KCNA Urges U.S.to Approach DPRK-U.S. Talks from Sincere Stand, KCNA, 24-Apr-03.

5. Commentary: The DPRK Is Not Iraq, People's Daily, 25-Apr-03.

1. Secretary-General's Statement to the Commission on Human Rights [as delivered], Geneva, Switzerland, 24-Apr-03, Office of the Spokesman of the Secretary-General, UN.

1. Saddam's Deputy Prime Minister in Custody, CNN, 25-Apr-03.

2. Tariq Aziz in U.S. Custody, Al Bawaba, 25-Apr-03.

3. dans Priest and Walker Pincus, U.S. Hopes Top Iraqi Captives Help Prove Bush's Prewar Case, Washington Post, 26-Apr-03, A14.

1. Airbus Signs China Plane Deal, BBC News, 25-Apr-03.

2. China Invited to G8's Table, BBC News, 25-apr-03.

3. China Signs Contract to Purchase 30 Airbus Jets, People's Daily, 26-Apr-03.

4. Chinese Airlines Orders 30 Airbus Aircraft, Airbus S.A.S., Press Release, 25-Apr-03.

1. 18 Killed, 48 Injured as Violence Explodes Afresh in Kashmir (Srinagar, India), Tehran Times, 26-Apr-03.



3. Nikkei Net Interactive, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc., 25-Apr-03.

4. Deutsche BÃ¶rse AG, 25-Apr-03.1. Blast Fuels Iraqi Anger, Gulf Daily News, 27-Apr-03.

2. 12 Die in Munitions Blast. Iraqis Fire at U.S. Troops, Pelt Stones, Daily Times, 27-Apr-03.

http://www.sec.gov/news/press/2003-54.htm

http://www.oag.state.ny.us/press/statements/global_resolution.html

http://www.oag.state.ny.us/press/2003/apr/apr28a_03.html




http://deutsche-boerse.com/dax/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/30/international/worldspecial/30IRAQ.html


http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=288898

http://palestinechronicle.com/article.php?story=20030430185303123


1. Ten of Nation's Top Investment Firms Settle Enforcement Actions Involving Conflicts of Interest Between Research and Investment Banking, SEC, NYAG, NASAA, NASD, and NYSE Joint Press Release, Published by U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 28-Apr-03.

2. Statement by Attorney General Eliot Spitzer Regarding the "Global Resolution" of Wall Street Investigations, Office of New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer, Press Release, 28-Apr-03.

3. Conflict Probes Resolved at Citigroup and Morgan-Stanley, Settlements Part of Spitzer-Inspired "Global Resolution" of Wall Street Investigations, Office of New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer, 28-Apr-03.

4. Matt Andrejczak and Luisa Beltran, Three Big Brokers Charged with Fraud, Investors to Get About a Third of $1.4 Billion as Restitution, CBS MarketWatch, 28-Apr-03.

http://cbs.marketwatch.com/news/story.asp?guid=%7B8B292655%2DD74B%2D4AAD%2DA72D%2D6928DF20D2AD%7D&siteid=mktw

5. Greg Farrell, Salomon Smith Barney: Worst Offender, Top Fine, USA TODAY, 28-Apr-03.

http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/brokerage/2003-04-28-ssb_x.htm



3. Nikkei Net Interactive, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc., 28-Apr-03.

4. Deutsche BÃ¶rse AG, 28-Apr-03.1. Ian Fisher, U.S. Force Said to Kill 15 Iraqis During an Anti-American Rally (Falluja, Iraq, 29-Apr-03), NYT, 30-Apr-03.

1. UK Helps Suicide Bomb Inquiry, BBC News, 30-Apr-3.

2. Roni Singer and Amos Arel, TA Suicide Bomber Was British Citizen, Haaretz, 1-May-03.

3. Three Palestinians, Three Israelis Killed in Fresh Violence (IRNA), Palestine Chronicle, 30-Apr-03.

4. Sonja Pace, Abbes Sworn In as New Palestinian Prime Minister, VOA News, 30-Apr-03.

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=06C65DF0-B872-4D5D-9C171CA321B489F7

1. Statement on the Middle East, President George W. Bush, The White House, 30-Apr-03.

http://www.pna.net/subject_details.asp?subject_id=591

http://www.mastercardinternational.com/cgi-bin/newsroom.cgi?id=727

http://www.visamediacenter.com/walmart_releases2.asp?ReleaseID=2070

http://www.cpny.com/pdf/SJRulingRelease.pdf

http://www.cpny.com/pdf/Summary_Judgment_Order-04-01-03.pdf

http://washingtontimes.com/national/20030501-11575406.htm

http://www.fortune.com/fortune/articles/0,15114,447339,00.html


http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/30/international/worldspecial/30RUMS.html

2. Text: Roadmap to Solution of Palestinian-Israeli Conflict, A Performance-Based Roadmap to a Permanent Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, U.S. Department of State, International Information Programs, 30-Apr-03.

http://usinfo.state.gov/cgi-bin/washfile/display.pl?p=/products/washfile/geog/nea&f=03043040.tne&t=/products/washfile/newsitem.shtml

3. U.S. Delivers 'Roadmap' for Mideast Peace, VOA News, 30-Apr-03.

http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=A3CB061B-70C8-42A5-98AE95A6EA6D4980

4. Palestinians and Israelis Receive Mid East 'Road Map,' Palestinian National Authority, 1-May-03.

1. MasterCard International, Merchants Sign Memorandum of Understanding to Settle Antitrust Lawsuit, MasterCard International, Inc., News Release, 30-Apr-03.

2. Visa USA Statement by Daniel Tarman, Vice President, Visa U.S.A., Inc., News Release, 30-Apr-03.

3. Merchants' Antitrust Case Against MasterCard and Visa. Judge Grants Most Merchant Motions, Denies All MasterCard, Visa Motions in Class Action, 1-Apr-03. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. et al. v. Visa U.S.A., Inc. and MasterCard International Inc., Constantine & Partners, Case News.

4. John Gleeson, U.S.D.J., In Re Visa/Check MasterMoney Antitrust Litigation, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York, Memorandum and Order 96-CV-5238 (JG), 1-Apr-03. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. et al. v. Visa U.S.A., Inc. and MasterCard International Inc., Constantine & Partners, Case News.

5. Allen Wan, Visa, Mastercard Settle Suit for $3 Bln (CBS.MW), CBS MarketWatch, 1-May-03.

http://cbs.marketwatch.com/news/story.asp?guid=%7B067F5E7D-235B-454B-A5CD-4F592EC1311B%7D

6. Bob Van Voris, Visa Says It Settles Merchants' Debit-Card Suit (Update4), Bloomberg, 30-Apr-03.

http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000006&sid=abn4CXpAfyIM&refer=home

7. Visa, Wal-Mart Settle Debit Card Lawsuit (AP), The Washington Times, 1-May-03.

8. Roger Parloff, The $50 Billion Card Game, FORTUNE, 28-Apr-03. (12-May-03 Issue.)

1. Jim Garamone, Saudi Base to Close, Ops Center to Move to Qatar, American Forces Press Service, Defense Link, U.S. Department of Defense, 29-Apr-03.

2. Eric Schmitt, U.S. to Withdraw All Combat Units from Saudi Arabia (Prince Sultan Air Base, Saudi Arabia, 29-Apr-03), NYT, 30-Apr-03.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/05/iraq/20030501-15.html

http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/289158.html



http://usembassy.state.gov/mumbai/wwwhnsct4.html

http://www.anadoluajansi.com.tr/index-eng.php?yil=2003&ay=4&gun=2

1. President Bush Announces Combat Operations in Iraq Have Ended, Remarks by the President from the USS Abraham Lincoln At Sea Off the Coast of San Diego, CA, The White House, News Release, 1-May-03.

1. Arnon Regular and Amos Arel (Haaretz Correspondents and Reuters), 12 Palestinians Killed in Gaza, West Bank; 8 IDF Troops Hurt, Haaretz, 1-May-03. (Update: 18:29.)

1. Terror Info Clearinghouse to Begins Operations (AP), FOX News, 30-Apr-03.

2. Tenet Names Head of New Terrorism Analysis Agency, FOX News, 11-Mar-03.

3. Fact Sheet: New Terrorist Threat Integration Center Will Open May 1, U.S. Consulate, Mumbai-India, 14-Feb-03.

1. James C. Helicke (Bingol, Turkey, AP), Quake Kills at Least 84 in Turkey; Scores of Children Trapped in Collapsed Dorm, Canadian Press, 1-May-03.

http://www.canada.com/news/story.asp?id=336056A7-54CB-420B-A4C8-3F4937974153

2. Governorship Crisis Center Announces Death Toll as 115 and that 503 People Are Injured (Bingol), ANADOLU AJANSI, 2-May-03.

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global terrorism alert database - macroknow · xls file · web view ... three big brokers charged...

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