Global ReviewGlobal Review

Key ideas, themes, events, Key ideas, themes, events, peoplepeople

Geography - TermsGeography - Terms

Archipelago Archipelago – Japan, a chain of Japan, a chain of

islandsislands Irregular CoastlineIrregular Coastline

– RigidRigid, harbors, , harbors, Great BritainGreat Britain

Regular CoastlineRegular Coastline Steppe - AfricaSteppe - Africa DesertDesert

– Gobi, Gobi, SaharaSahara

Strait Strait – A narrow water A narrow water

passagepassage

World MapWorld Map

Traditional EconomyTraditional Economy

Hunting and gatheringHunting and gathering

Subsistence agricultureSubsistence agriculture

Barter systemBarter system

Pre-History – the time before Pre-History – the time before people invented writingpeople invented writing

Paleolithic EraPaleolithic Era– NomadsNomads– Move from place to Move from place to

placeplace– Hunters and Hunters and

gatherersgatherers

Spiritual BeliefsSpiritual Beliefs

Neolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution

New ways of New ways of farmingfarming

Stay in one place, Stay in one place, no more nomadsno more nomads

No more hunting No more hunting and gatheringand gathering

Established Established villagesvillages More reliable food More reliable food

suppliessupplies

Regents QuestionRegents Question

Letting some farmland remain unplanted as a means of increasing food production is most closely associated with

(1) modern irrigation methods(2) the three-field system(3) the enclosure movement(4) slash-and-burn agriculture

Rise of CivilizationRise of Civilization

CitiesCities Central Central GovernmentsGovernments Traditional economyTraditional economy Social ClassesSocial Classes System of WritingSystem of Writing Organized Organized ReligionReligion Specialized jobsSpecialized jobs

Types of SourcesTypes of Sources

Primary SourcesPrimary Sources

– First-hand accountFirst-hand account– DiariesDiaries– JournalsJournals– AutobiographyAutobiography

Secondary SourcesSecondary Sources

– EncyclopediaEncyclopedia– BookBook– A friend of a friend A friend of a friend

told me …told me …

River Valley CivilizationRiver Valley Civilization

Four: Nile, Tigris & Euphrates, Yellow Four: Nile, Tigris & Euphrates, Yellow (Huang He), Indus(Huang He), Indus

Why Settle Here?Why Settle Here?– Fertile soilFertile soil– IrrigationIrrigation– FloodingFlooding– Transportation Transportation

River ValleysRiver ValleysFertileFertile Crescent Crescent

MesopotamiaMesopotamia Tigris and Tigris and

EuphratesEuphrates Great soilGreat soil Sumerians, Sumerians,

AssyriansAssyrians CuneiformCuneiform – cone – cone

writingwriting

IndiaIndia

- Cities – Cities – HarappaHarappa and and Mohenjo-daroMohenjo-daro

- IndusIndus River River- FarmersFarmers- MonsoonsMonsoons

- Good for watering Good for watering cropscrops

- Bad when they floodedBad when they flooded

Ancient ChinaAncient China

Yellow River (Yellow River (loessloess made it yellow, made it yellow, also called River of Sorrows)also called River of Sorrows)

Dynasties, Dynasties, Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven Silk Road: trade route to Middle EastSilk Road: trade route to Middle East EthnocentricEthnocentric/Middle Kingdom/Middle Kingdom

– Geographically China was surrounded by Geographically China was surrounded by barriers (Himalayas, coastline, desert)barriers (Himalayas, coastline, desert)

– Thought they were the Thought they were the centercenter of the of the worldworld

EgyptEgypt

NileNile River River PyramidsPyramids PharaohsPharaohs MummiesMummies HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics PolytheisticPolytheistic – many – many

godsgods Social ClassesSocial Classes

GreeceGreece

City StatesCity States– Formed due to geographyFormed due to geography– AthensAthens ( (democracydemocracy, Pericles) and , Pericles) and Sparta Sparta

((militarymilitary, physical fitness), physical fitness)

– PolytheisticPolytheistic– Olympics, Homer, Olympics, Homer, directdirect democracy, democracy,

PericlesPericles– Alexander the Great and the Alexander the Great and the

Hellenistic CivilizationHellenistic Civilization

RomeRome

Law of Law of 12 Tables12 Tables – legal – legal RoadsRoads and trade networks and trade networks Architecture (pillars, stone, Architecture (pillars, stone,

grandious)grandious) Julius CaesarJulius Caesar Plebians vs PatriciansPlebians vs Patricians

Codes of Law/Rules of Codes of Law/Rules of BehaviorBehavior

Law of 12 TablesLaw of 12 Tables Justinian CodeJustinian Code Hammurabi’s CodeHammurabi’s Code 10 Commandments10 Commandments

** Introduce legal system**** Introduce legal system** **Provide rules of conduct****Provide rules of conduct**

Monotheistic ReligionMonotheistic Religion

IslamIslam – Koran, 5 pillars, Mecca, – Koran, 5 pillars, Mecca, Muhammad is the prophet, Allah is the Muhammad is the prophet, Allah is the GodGod

ChristianityChristianity – 10 commandments, God, – 10 commandments, God, the Biblethe Bible

JudaismJudaism – the Torah – the Torah

*** All believe in one God and teach *** All believe in one God and teach an ethical code of conduct***an ethical code of conduct***

Other Belief SystemsOther Belief Systems

Shintoism – Shintoism – JapanJapan Daoism/Taoism - Daoism/Taoism - ChinaChina Animism – Animism – AfricaAfrica

**Relate to nature, harmony with **Relate to nature, harmony with nature**nature**

HinduismHinduism

India, South AsiaIndia, South Asia Ahimsa – non-violenceAhimsa – non-violence Dharma, karma, reincarnationDharma, karma, reincarnation Caste SystemCaste System – born into your class; – born into your class;

untouchables at bottom, brahmins untouchables at bottom, brahmins are at the topare at the top

Gandhi was a Hindu, practiced non-Gandhi was a Hindu, practiced non-violenceviolence

ConfucianismConfucianism

ConfuciusConfucius The AnalectsThe Analects Filial pietyFilial piety – respect for your elders – respect for your elders Five RelationshipsFive Relationships

– Father to son, Husband to wife, Ruler to Father to son, Husband to wife, Ruler to subject, friend to friend, older brother to subject, friend to friend, older brother to younger brotheryounger brother

**Provide order in your life****Provide order in your life**

BuddhismBuddhism

Siddartha Guatama: Buddha Siddartha Guatama: Buddha “The “The Enlightened One”Enlightened One”

Four Four Noble Truths (life is full of Noble Truths (life is full of sufferingsuffering, , caused by caused by desiredesire, eliminate desire, follow , eliminate desire, follow the eightfold path)the eightfold path)

People should follow the People should follow the

Eightfold pathEightfold path to overcome desires to overcome desires

Ibn Battuta and Marco PoloIbn Battuta and Marco Polo

Both Both recordedrecorded their travels their travels throughout the worldthroughout the world

Historical records are used as Historical records are used as primaryprimary sources sources

Sometimes they throw in Sometimes they throw in Mansa Mansa MusaMusa (from Mali in Africa) and (from Mali in Africa) and Zheng Zheng HeHe from China as a traveler from China as a traveler

Golden AgesGolden Ages

TangTang Dynasty from China Dynasty from China GuptasGuptas (Maurya) from India (Maurya) from India MaliMali empire from Africa empire from Africa

Islamic – Islamic – math and sciencemath and science

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

Had the greatest influence on early Had the greatest influence on early RussianRussian history history

CyrillicCyrillic alphabet alphabet Preservation of Preservation of GreekGreek and and RomanRoman

cultureculture Justinian Justinian – code of laws– code of laws

MongolsMongols

Genghis KhanGenghis Khan BarbaricBarbaric, tough, tough Superior Superior militarymilitary skills skills ““Don’t Mess With the Mongols”Don’t Mess With the Mongols” Areas conquered India (Mughul), Areas conquered India (Mughul),

China (Yuan Dynasty)China (Yuan Dynasty)

Medievel Europe/Middle Medievel Europe/Middle AgesAges

Roman empire collapsesRoman empire collapses Charlemagne – Franks, light in the dark agesCharlemagne – Franks, light in the dark ages Strict social structure (Kings, Lords, Knights, Strict social structure (Kings, Lords, Knights,

Peasants)Peasants) FeudalismFeudalism ChivalryChivalry ManorialismManorialism – an economic system – an economic system

structured around a lord’s manorstructured around a lord’s manor Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church becomes the becomes the

stabilizing force in Europestabilizing force in Europe

CrusadesCrusades Holy Wars between Muslims and Holy Wars between Muslims and

ChristiansChristians Popes become more powerfulPopes become more powerful Feudal kings become more powerfulFeudal kings become more powerful

Increased trade between the Middle East Increased trade between the Middle East and Europe, European economy expandsand Europe, European economy expands

Sought to recover holy land – PalestineSought to recover holy land – Palestine– Does this still go on today????Does this still go on today????

Regents QuestionRegents Question. . . For many in the contemporary Arab world, the Crusades are viewed as

having begun nearly a millennium of conflict with what would become the West. The Crusades are seen as representing the constant threat of Western encroachment [trespassing]. But many scholars say that is a more recent and inaccurate view of the Crusades. . . .— Mike Shuster, reporter, NPR

The Medieval Crusades were taken and then turned into something that they never really were in the first place. They were turned into a kind of a proto-imperialism, an attempt to bring the fruits of European civilization to the Middle East, when, in fact, during the Middle Ages the great sophisticated and wealthy power was the Muslim world. Europe was the Third World. . . . — Thomas Madden, St. Louis University, History of relations between the West and Middle East, NPR, All Things Considered, August 17, 2004

These statements indicate that the history of the Crusades(1) has been neglected by experts(2) was of little importance(3) is the subject of debate and interpretation(4) illustrates the importance of tolerance and understanding

Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution

Introduction of Introduction of bankingbanking Letters of creditLetters of credit InsuranceInsurance Joint Joint stock companiesstock companies GuildsGuilds Trading towns develop along Trading towns develop along

waterwaywaterway

Regents QuestionRegents Question

Which revolution led to the concept of banking, the creation of guilds, and the development of capitalism in Europe?

(1) Commercial (3) Scientific(2) Agricultural (4) Industrial

RenaissanceRenaissance

Began in Florence,Began in Florence, Italy Italy; wealth and support ; wealth and support was herewas here

New ways of thinking, intellectual, creativityNew ways of thinking, intellectual, creativity A “rebirth” or “revival”A “rebirth” or “revival” Questioning the old waysQuestioning the old ways Michelangelo, Leonardo daVinci, Michelangelo, Leonardo daVinci,

ShakespeareShakespeare Individualism, humanismIndividualism, humanism Machiavelli “The Prince” – Machiavelli “The Prince” – the end justifies the end justifies

the meansthe means

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

Protesting Protesting indulgencesindulgences, and acts of , and acts of the Catholic Churchthe Catholic Church

Luther and 95 ThesisLuther and 95 Thesis Calvin and predestinationCalvin and predestination Henry VIII – signed the Henry VIII – signed the

Act of Supremacy and Act of Supremacy and

created the Church of Englandcreated the Church of England

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution

Heliocentric ModelHeliocentric Model ( (sunsun is center) is center) DescartesDescartes Question the old waysQuestion the old ways GutenbergGutenberg – – printing pressprinting press, printed , printed

the the BibleBible, ideas spread and literacy , ideas spread and literacy increased increased

Galileo – trial with the churchGalileo – trial with the church

Rise of Monarchs/Nation-Rise of Monarchs/Nation-StatesStates

England and France England and France Kings increase their powerKings increase their power Common lawCommon law Magna CartaMagna Carta – put – put limitslimits on King’s on King’s

powerpower ParliamentParliament Divine RightDivine Right

African KingdomsAfrican Kingdoms

SavannaSavanna – grassy plain – grassy plain Desert – Desert – SaharaSahara TraditionalTraditional Society Society Ghana – Ghana – goldgold and and saltsalt trade trade Mali – Mali – Mansa MusaMansa Musa, converted to , converted to

MuslimMuslim SonghaiSonghai

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

PortugalPortugal and and SpainSpain look for new look for new routes for explorationroutes for exploration

ReconquistaReconquista – Christians recapture – Christians recapture Spain from the MuslimsSpain from the Muslims

ColumbusColumbus ConquistadorsConquistadors – Spanish conquerors – Spanish conquerors

Regents QuestionRegents Question

The encomienda system in colonial LatinAmerica led to the

(1) use of forced labor(2) establishment of trade unions(3) increase in landownership by Native

Americans(4) weakening of the power of

peninsulares

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

Middle PassageMiddle Passage Slave TradeSlave Trade Europe to Africa to AmericaEurope to Africa to America ColumbianColumbian Exchange – exchange of Exchange – exchange of

people, plants, and crops people, plants, and crops Mercantilism Mercantilism – economic system – economic system

where you export more than you where you export more than you importimport

Absolutism-Russian RulersAbsolutism-Russian Rulers

Peter the GreatPeter the Great – – westernizewesternize Russia, studied in Europe, create a Russia, studied in Europe, create a window to the west (St. Petersburg)window to the west (St. Petersburg)

Catherine the GreatCatherine the Great – continue to – continue to westernize Russia, search for a westernize Russia, search for a warm warm water portwater port for trade for trade

Absolutism - EnglandAbsolutism - England

StuartStuart Monarchs – James I Monarchs – James I Puritan RevolutionPuritan Revolution Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution

Enlightenment EraEnlightenment Era

Focus of rights of menFocus of rights of men EqualityEquality Natural LawNatural Law Hobbes, Montesquie, Locke, Hobbes, Montesquie, Locke,

Rousseau, VoltaireRousseau, Voltaire New philosophies New philosophies

French RevolutionFrench Revolution CausesCauses

– Kings controlled Kings controlled people’s basic rightspeople’s basic rights– Three EstatesThree Estates – Social – Social inequalitiesinequalities– Economic injusticesEconomic injustices– EnlightenmentEnlightenment– English and American RevolutionEnglish and American Revolution

French Revolution - StagesFrench Revolution - Stages

National AssemblyNational Assembly Storming the BastilleStorming the Bastille Reign of Terror (Robespierre)Reign of Terror (Robespierre) NapoleonNapoleon

– Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code– Coup d’etatCoup d’etat

French RevolutionFrench Revolution

EffectsEffects– Ideas of liberty, equality and fraternityIdeas of liberty, equality and fraternity– Ideas of NationalismIdeas of Nationalism

– Will influence further revolutionWill influence further revolution

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

Maintain a balance of power in Maintain a balance of power in EuropeEurope

Go back to the way things wereGo back to the way things were To prevent France from going to war To prevent France from going to war

againagain

Other Nationalist Other Nationalist MovementsMovements

GreeceGreece PolandPoland BelgiumBelgium Latin AmericaLatin America

Unification of Germany and ItalyUnification of Germany and Italy

Unification of Germany and Unification of Germany and ItalyItaly

GermanyGermany– Otto von BismarckOtto von Bismarck– Loyalty to Prussian Loyalty to Prussian

contactcontact– ““Blood and Iron”Blood and Iron”

ItalyItaly– CavourCavour– MazziniMazzini– GaribaldiGaribaldi

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

CausesCauses– Britain had an abundance of Britain had an abundance of natural natural

resourcesresources– Growth in Growth in populationpopulation– Money for Money for investmentinvestment– Improved Improved technologytechnology– Agrarian revolutionAgrarian revolution

Regents QuestionRegents Question

Increased agricultural production in England in the late 1700s contributed directly to

(1) the development of a worldwide communications network

(2) the introduction of manorialism(3) a decrease in the power of the monarch(4) an increase in life expectancy

Effects of the Industrial Effects of the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

Adam SmithAdam Smith “The Wealth of Nations” “The Wealth of Nations” Laissez-faire – no more government Laissez-faire – no more government

interferenceinterference Rise of Rise of big businessbig business Improved working and living conditionsImproved working and living conditions New political and economic philosophiesNew political and economic philosophies

– Liberals, conservatives, social darwinism, socialismLiberals, conservatives, social darwinism, socialism– Karl Marx – Karl Marx – “workers of the world unite”“workers of the world unite”

Japan and Meiji RestorationJapan and Meiji Restoration

WesternizationWesternization– Borrow ideas from the westBorrow ideas from the west– Zaibatsu – powerful Zaibatsu – powerful banking banking families families

(Fuji)(Fuji) Commodore Commodore Matthew PerryMatthew Perry

Regents QuestionRegents Question

The annexation of Korea and Japan’s invasion of Manchuria were attempts by Japan to

(1) spread Shinto beliefs(2) protect human rights(3) acquire natural resources(4) establish theocratic governments

New Imperialism (1850-New Imperialism (1850-1914)1914)

Imperialism – Imperialism – the domination or takeover the domination or takeover of a smaller, weaker nation by a larget, of a smaller, weaker nation by a larget, more powerful nationmore powerful nation

CausesCauses– NationalismNationalism– Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism– Economic MotivesEconomic Motives– MissionariesMissionaries– White Man’s BurdenWhite Man’s Burden – duty to educate the less – duty to educate the less

developeddeveloped

ImperialismImperialism IndiaIndia

– British East India British East India CompanyCompany

– British ControlBritish Control– Sepoy MutinySepoy Mutiny– New roads, New roads,

irrigation, better irrigation, better educationeducation

– Will influence Will influence independence independence movement of movement of GandhiGandhi

AfricaAfrica– Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa– European powers European powers

break Africa into break Africa into their own sectionstheir own sections

– Berlin ConferenceBerlin Conference– Boer WarBoer War

Imperialism - ChinaImperialism - China

Opium WarOpium War Taiping RebellionTaiping Rebellion Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion

***colonies, protectorate, sphere of ***colonies, protectorate, sphere of influence***influence***

World War IWorld War I

MM militarismmilitarism A A alliancesalliances I I imperialismimperialism NN nationalismnationalism

AssassinationAssassination of Archduke Francis of Archduke Francis FerdinandFerdinand

WWIWWI

Central PowersCentral Powers– GermanyGermany– Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary– Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

Allied PowersAllied Powers– BritainBritain– FranceFrance– USUS

Trench warfareTrench warfare Mustard gasMustard gas Tanks, machine Tanks, machine

gunsguns Total WarTotal War propagandapropaganda

Regents QuestionRegents QuestionNicholas IINicholas II

Telegram to Wilhelm IITelegram to Wilhelm IIJuly 29, 1914, 1:00 A.M.July 29, 1914, 1:00 A.M.

Am glad you are back. In this most serious moment, I Am glad you are back. In this most serious moment, I appeal to you to help me. An ignoble [despised] war appeal to you to help me. An ignoble [despised] war has been declared upon a weak country [Serbia]. The has been declared upon a weak country [Serbia]. The indignation [resentment] in Russia, shared fully by indignation [resentment] in Russia, shared fully by me, is enormous. I foresee that very soon I shall be me, is enormous. I foresee that very soon I shall be overwhelmed by the pressure upon me, and be overwhelmed by the pressure upon me, and be forced to take extreme measures which will lead to forced to take extreme measures which will lead to war. To try and avoid such a calamity [disaster] as a war. To try and avoid such a calamity [disaster] as a European war, I beg you in the name of our old European war, I beg you in the name of our old friendship to do what you can tostop your allies from friendship to do what you can tostop your allies from going too far.going too far.

— — NickyNicky

Regents QuestionRegents Question Which conclusion is best supported by this telegram?

(1) Russia started to mobilize for war against Serbia.

(2) Nicholas II condemned the efforts of Wilhelm II.(3) Russia supported the use of extreme measures.(4) Nicholas II hoped diplomacy would prevent war.

Regents QuestionRegents Question

Which war is most closely associated with the telegram Nicholas II sent to Wilhelm II?

(1) the Franco-Prussian War(2) the Russo-Japanese War(3) World War I(4) World War II

Revolution in RussiaRevolution in Russia

RomanovRomanov family – live life of family – live life of luxuryluxury Peasants starve, unrestPeasants starve, unrest Revolution of 1905, Bloody SundayRevolution of 1905, Bloody Sunday

– Peaceful march turns deadlyPeaceful march turns deadly Revolution 1917Revolution 1917

– Bolsheviks Bolsheviks overthrow and execute overthrow and execute familyfamily

– LeninLenin rises to power rises to power

Russian Rulers/DictatorsRussian Rulers/Dictators

LeninLenin– Create a Create a classless classless

societysociety– New Economic PolicyNew Economic Policy– Allows a little private Allows a little private

industryindustry– Standard of living Standard of living

risesrises– Red ArmyRed Army– CommunistCommunist Party Party– USSRUSSR

StalinStalin– TotalitarianTotalitarian rule rule– Command economyCommand economy– Five year planFive year plan

Increase industryIncrease industry Not successfulNot successful CollectivesCollectives – failed, – failed,

peasants burn farmspeasants burn farms Everything was Everything was

turned over to the turned over to the governmentgovernment

Purges/Show TrialsPurges/Show Trials

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Germany is punished for WWIGermany is punished for WWI Hand over territory (Alsace-Lorraine)Hand over territory (Alsace-Lorraine) Reduce the size of the armyReduce the size of the army War guiltWar guilt Austria-Hungary splitAustria-Hungary split

Formed the League of NationsFormed the League of Nations

Regents QuestionRegents Question“This will make your forget the peace terms.”“This will make your forget the peace terms.”

Regents QuestionRegents Question

This cartoonist is referring to the way Germany was affected in 1919 by

(1) the Congress of Vienna(2) its defeat of Napoleon(3) the Treaty of Versailles(4) its defeat in World War II

Regents QuestionRegents Question

This 1919 cartoon suggests that Germany may come under the influence of

(1) moderates (3) radicals(2) conservatives (4) isolationists

FascismFascism

MussoliniMussolini – Italy – Italy Rule by dictator, blind loyalty to Rule by dictator, blind loyalty to

leader, strict discipline, strong leader, strict discipline, strong military, violence, nationalismmilitary, violence, nationalism

HitlerHitler – Germany – Germany– Rise to power during weak government, Rise to power during weak government,

appealed to the people, poor economyappealed to the people, poor economy– HolocaustHolocaust

Regents QuestionRegents Question

One similarity between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini is that both

(1) led fascist states(2) supported communism(3) rejected militarism(4) remained in power after World War

II

World War IIWorld War II

MAIN causesMAIN causes AppeasementAppeasement – British give in a little – British give in a little

to avoid warto avoid war Turning PointsTurning Points

– Entry of USEntry of US– Invasion of ItalyInvasion of Italy– Invasion of NormandyInvasion of Normandy

WWIIWWII

Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference

Hiroshima and NagasakiHiroshima and Nagasaki

Technology – improved submarines, sonar, Technology – improved submarines, sonar, improved aircraft, machine guns, deadly improved aircraft, machine guns, deadly bombsbombs

United Nations created in 1945United Nations created in 1945

Cold WarCold War Growing tensions Growing tensions

between the between the Communists (USSR) Communists (USSR) and non-Communists and non-Communists (USA)(USA)

After WWII each After WWII each superpower had superpower had different ideas for the different ideas for the worldworld

ArmsArms race race

““Iron Curtain”Iron Curtain” Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine Marshall PlanMarshall Plan NATO vs Warsaw PactNATO vs Warsaw Pact Hot SpotsHot Spots

– VietnamVietnam– Korean WarKorean War– Iran and IraqIran and Iraq– Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

Middle EastMiddle East

Arab Israeli ConflictArab Israeli Conflict Fight for a Fight for a homelandhomeland MuslimsMuslims vs vs ChristiansChristians Iranian Hostage CrisisIranian Hostage Crisis Persian Gulf War(s)Persian Gulf War(s) Who were the players? What are Who were the players? What are

these wars all about?these wars all about?

Collapse of Soviet UnionCollapse of Soviet Union

Economic problemsEconomic problems Mikhail GorbachevMikhail Gorbachev

– PerestroikaPerestroika– GlasnostGlasnost– More western ideasMore western ideas– Fall of Fall of Berlin WallBerlin Wall

– Lech Walesa (Solidarity) PolandLech Walesa (Solidarity) Poland

Regents QuestionRegents Question

What has the end of communism in the Soviet Union caused many countries in Eastern Europe to do?

(1) shift to a command economy(2) maintain a communist form of government(3) pursue free-market economic policies(4) join the Warsaw Pact

IndiaIndia

Imperialism – controlled by Imperialism – controlled by BritishBritish GandhiGandhi – independence movement – independence movement

– Civil disobedienceCivil disobedience– NonviolenceNonviolence– Cottage industriesCottage industries– Salt MarchSalt March

– 1947: 1947: Partitioned into India (Hindu) and Partitioned into India (Hindu) and Pakistan (Muslim)Pakistan (Muslim)

India TodayIndia Today

Biggest problem today is Biggest problem today is overpopulationoverpopulation

KashmirKashmir

Modern AfricaModern Africa

Pan-Africanism – Pan-Africanism – unity of Africansunity of Africans Kenya – Kenya – Jomo KenyattaJomo Kenyatta 1948 – 1948 – Apartheid – separation of Apartheid – separation of

races, segregationraces, segregation MandelaMandela – president in 1994 – president in 1994 Desmond Tutu Desmond Tutu

Modern ChinaModern China

1911 – Sun Yat-sen1911 – Sun Yat-sen Mao ZedongMao Zedong – – CommunistCommunist leader leader

– Long MarchLong March– Great Leap ForwardGreat Leap Forward– Cultural RevolutionCultural Revolution

Deng XiaopingDeng Xiaoping– Four Four ModernizationsModernizations– Encourages trade with the WestEncourages trade with the West

More ChinaMore China

Tiananmen Square Tiananmen Square MassacreMassacre– Student Student protestprotest– Demand more Demand more

rightsrights and and freedomsfreedoms

– 1000s killed and 1000s killed and wounded by wounded by Chinese Chinese governmentgovernment

Hong KongHong Kong– 1842 – British 1842 – British

controlcontrol– Modern and $$$$Modern and $$$$– 1997 Hong Kong 1997 Hong Kong

returned to the returned to the ChineseChinese

– Will keep the same Will keep the same social and economic social and economic systemsystem

Human Rights IssuesHuman Rights Issues

Balkans – Balkans – ethnic cleansingethnic cleansing of ethnic of ethnic Albanians by Serbs (Slobodan Milosevic)Albanians by Serbs (Slobodan Milosevic)

RwandaRwanda Cambodia – Pol Pot and the Khmer RougeCambodia – Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge Tiananmen SquareTiananmen Square

Holocaust – Nazis, Germany during WWIIHolocaust – Nazis, Germany during WWII– Prison and concentration camps, anti-SemiticPrison and concentration camps, anti-Semitic

Global ThemesGlobal Themes ChangeChange Turning PointsTurning Points Belief SystemsBelief Systems Geography and the EnvironmentGeography and the Environment Economic SystemsEconomic Systems Political SystemsPolitical Systems NationalismNationalism ImperialismImperialism Human RightsHuman Rights Movement of People and GoodsMovement of People and Goods

““Change/Revolution”Change/Revolution”

Neolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution Chinese Communist RevolutionChinese Communist Revolution Crusades Crusades RenaissanceRenaissance EnlightenmentEnlightenment Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation Independence Movements (India, Independence Movements (India,

Africa)Africa)

Turning PointsTurning Points

Fall of ConstantinopleFall of Constantinople Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration French RevolutionFrench Revolution Collapse of Soviet UnionCollapse of Soviet Union Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution Invention of Printing PressInvention of Printing Press

Belief SystemsBelief Systems

HinduismHinduism BuddhismBuddhism JudaismJudaism ChristianityChristianity IslamIslam ConfucianismConfucianism

Geography and the Geography and the EnvironmentEnvironment

River Valley CivilizationsRiver Valley Civilizations Chinese Influence on JapanChinese Influence on Japan Development of city-states in GreeceDevelopment of city-states in Greece Latin America Latin America Early African KingdomsEarly African Kingdoms

Economic SystemsEconomic Systems

Traditional economyTraditional economy Manorialism/FeudalismManorialism/Feudalism MercantilismMercantilism Laissez-faire (Adam Smith)Laissez-faire (Adam Smith) Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution

Political SystemsPolitical Systems

MonarchyMonarchy TotalitarianismTotalitarianism FeudalismFeudalism DemocracyDemocracy CommunismCommunism FascismFascism

Golden AgesGolden Ages

Guptas in IndiaGuptas in India Romans Romans Islamic Islamic Ghana and Mali in AfricaGhana and Mali in Africa Renaissance in EuropeRenaissance in Europe

NationalismNationalism

German and Italian unificationGerman and Italian unification IndiaIndia ZionismZionism AfricaAfrica Latin AmericaLatin America BalkansBalkans

ImperialismImperialism

British in IndiaBritish in India Europeans in AfricaEuropeans in Africa Japan in Korea and parts of ChinaJapan in Korea and parts of China MongolsMongols

Date and TimeDate and Time

Wednesday, August 12Wednesday, August 12thth

12:15 pm12:15 pm Cafeteria Cafeteria Bring pens and pencilsBring pens and pencils NO CELL PHONESNO CELL PHONES

If you have testing mods, you will be If you have testing mods, you will be in a different room.in a different room.

STUDY, STUDY, STUDY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!STUDY, STUDY, STUDY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Make sure you answer ALL Make sure you answer ALL

questions!questions! Answer all essays. Organization is Answer all essays. Organization is

key!key! Get a good night’s sleep!Get a good night’s sleep! STUDY, STUDY, STUDY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!STUDY, STUDY, STUDY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!