global programmes - unhcr

• In Timor-Leste, UNHCR supported women’sparticipation in border meetings, “go and see”visits and women’s leadership in reconciliationactivities.

• In Hungary, a working group of women, govern-ment officials, UNHCR, and NGOs providedinput on training policies aimed at improvingprocedures on reception, counselling, and inte-gration of refugees and asylum-seekers (particu-larly women) in the Baltic States, Central Europeand Cyprus.

Commitment 2

• UNHCR conducted individual registration ofrefugee women and men in Ghana, Kenya andSomalia to provide relevant documentationensuring their individual security, freedom ofmovement and access to services. A registra-tion/verification process is ongoing in refugeecamps in Zambia.

• In order to provide a global overview of regis-tration of refugees and others of concern toUNHCR, a Registration Baseline Survey waslaunched in September.

• To improve access to individual asylum claims,a revised recommended registration format isbeing drafted to include a separate date ofarrival for each individual, place of origin andbirth, ethnic and religious identity, currentlocation, and photographs.

• UNHCR reached agreements with the Govern-ments of Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republicof the Congo, Ecuador, Georgia, Guinea, Kenyaand Yemen on issuing photo identity cards toall adult refugee women and men. Progress isbeing made on the issuance of photo identitycards to adolescents.

• To facilitate access to essential services bywomen, the names of all adults in the house-hold were recorded and ration cards wereredesigned to accommodate this change.

• In Turkey, UNHCR provided refugees withinformation on the national asylum process,and the assistance and services available tothem.

66 UNHCR Global Report 2002

Global Programmes

Policy priorities

The Five Commitments made by the High Com-missioner to refugee women in 2001 provided theframework for UNHCR’s activities in 2002. TheOffice of the Senior Co-ordinator for RefugeeWomen/Gender Equality focused on improvingthe protection of women, addressing their needsand building capacity by:

• training and capacity-development of UNHCRstaff and implementing partners to increase theuse of gender analysis, and prevent and respondto Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV);

• development of Gender Teams and Networks;• empowerment of refugee women.

Implementation of the Five Commitments in 2002

Commitment 1

• In Kenya, the election rules for refugee campleadership committees were revised to includeequal representation of men and women in allcommittees. This ensured active participationof women in management and leadership com-mittees.

• In Guinea, the Men’s Association for GenderEquality promoted women’s participation inleadership through community sensitisationcampaigns.

• In the Middle East and North Africa, UNHCRsupported refugee women’s participation inleadership through training seminars and theprovision of women’s centres for discussionand learning.

• In the Americas, partnerships with civil societyorganisations helped refugee women to be recognised as potential leaders and importantresources.

• In the Asia and Pacific regions, UNHCR sup-ported the election of women to camp manage-ment committees. In Nepal, a “Social SensitisationTraining” project increased the involvement ofwomen in refugee communities.

women and men to help them recognise, preventand respond to SGBV. Training/workshops onunderstanding violence against women weredesigned and facilitated in camps.

• In Nepal, an action plan was drawn to addressSGBV, prostitution and trafficking. Correctivemeasures will be intensified in collaborationwith UNICEF and ILO, in 2003.

• Working in partnership with governments andNGOs, UNHCR continued to assess the mecha-nisms for preventing and responding to SGBVin reception and accommodation centres in asylum situations. In Austria, UNHCR’s workwith the Austrian Lawyers Network led to therecognition of gender-based persecution as anarea of priority. In Canada, specific attentionwas paid to the protection needs of separatedgirls and boys seeking asylum.

Commitment 4Continued efforts were made in partnership withWFP and implementing partners to involve womenin the management and distribution of food andnon-food items. Several strategies were adopted inGuinea, Kenya and Zambia to ensure the involve-ment of women in decision-making on food distri-

Commitment 3

• Development of appropriate strategies toaddress SGBV was given additional impetusfollowing the disclosure of exploitation in WestAfrica. The revised Guidelines on the Preventionand Response to Sexual and Gender-Based Violencewere tested in field offices in May. The UNHCRCode of Conduct also set clear standards ofbehaviour for staff and is being used as thebasis for implementing the “zero-tolerance”approach to sexual exploitation.

• Efforts were made in field offices to formulatemulti-sectoral plans to address SGBV. Protocolsfor a multi-sectoral approach to SGBV weredeveloped in Sierra Leone for camps and urbanareas.

• In Botswana, SGBV workshops were conductedfor service providers and the refugee commu-nities as well as for lawyers and self-fundedimplementing partners.

• In Ghana, 20 female volunteers were trained onsecurity and safety issues to act as femaleguardians and work with male volunteers inBuduburam camp.

• In Thailand, regular visits were made to 10camps and discussions were held with refugee

67UNHCR Global Report 2002

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Afghanistan: The empowerment of refugee women includes helping them to be self-sufficient. Fazila, 32, a returnee from Peshawar,styles a woman’s hair in her beauty parlour in Kabul. UNHCR / N. Behring

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bution and other important issues, to preclude anyincreased risk of sexual exploitation. These strate-gies included the presence of female food moni-tors; the inclusion of women’s names on foodration cards; distribution of leaflets about food dis-tribution criteria and entitlements and evaluationand consultative meetings with refugee women.

Commitment 5UNHCR worked with refugee women’s commit-tees in field offices to assess needs, organise distri-bution, monitor and measure results. A budget linewas created for providing refugee women withsanitary materials as basic necessities.

Capacity-building through training and work-shops: The People Oriented Planning (POP) train-ing was revised to include a gender-analysis com-ponent to assess empowerment and self-relianceactivities. SGBV training and awareness-raisingsessions were held for senior managers in fieldoffices and at headquarters. A capacity-buildingstrategy was developed and workshops were carried out to improve the implementation capaci-ties of field staff in Côte d’Ivoire, Hungary, Nepaland Thailand. A Gender Training Kit on RefugeeProtection was produced. A legal manual on therights of refugee women, based on national legalsystems, was developed and will be used as acounselling tool for refugee women. A TrainingManual on SGBV was also produced to promote acommon understanding among humanitarian anddevelopment workers on gender, women’s rightsand gender based-violence. The replication of thegender teams and network models, developed inEurope and the Americas’ regions, has begun inEast Africa, the Great Lakes Region and SouthernAfrica. These will continue to promote the sharingof responsibility and information on gender equal-ity, thus increasing expertise and the capacity ofstaff to provide protection to refugee women andmen.

Empowerment of women: A number of initiativeswere undertaken to support women’s empower-ment. Legal literacy seminars were undertaken inGhana and Sierra Leone, in partnership withWomen, Law and Development in Africa (WILDAF).Over 200 women and men participated in aTraining of Trainers workshop, provided for selectedparticipants. A Women’s Resource Centre was

made available in Buduburam camp in Ghana foreducational activities and information-sharing. Arevolving fund scheme and micro-finance activitiesin Ghana provided 2000 women with small loans.Micro-projects for poultry-raising in Rwanda,small business initiatives in Chad and agriculturalco-operatives for 200 women in Molangwe camp inthe Central African Republic helped increasewomen’s participation in the economic and sociallife of their communities. In the Central AfricanRepublic, training in computer science affordedaccess to job opportunities for 30 young refugeewomen in urban areas.

UNHCR, together with other UN agencies,reviewed ways to incorporate a gender perspectiveinto all programme budgets. A consultant from theUN Secretariat held discussions with UNHCR staffand key findings will be presented in a report in2003. Consultations were also held with refugeewomen worldwide and their experiences wereused more readily to inform responses. However,gaps in knowledge and attitudes remain, and a two-pronged approach will continue to be adopted, i.e.initiatives designed to address disadvantage anddiscrimination coupled with broad on-going effortsto attain gender equality.

Refugee children, including adolescents (up tothe age of 18), constitute approximately 40 per centof the total population of concern to UNHCR. TheOffice’s programmes are built on the rights andneeds of refugee children as defined in the 1989Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC).Drawing upon the 1997 “Machel Study”, UNHCR’sglobal, overarching concerns fall into five categories: separation; sexual exploitation, abuseand violence; military recruitment; lack of access toeducation and the specific needs, as well as risksfaced by adolescents.

During 2002, UNHCR presented its policy on refu-gee children in various fora. The rights and interestsof children affected by conflicts were emphasisedin the United Nations Special Session on Children(UNSSC) in May. The statement made by the HighCommissioner at the session highlighted the issues ofseparation, exploitation and education, the strengthsand weaknesses of adolescents, and the protectionneeds of refugee children in the wider context ofhumanitarian interventions. In the context of the

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Global Consultations on International Protection, theRefugee Children Co-ordination Unit (RCCU) ensuredthat refugee children’s concerns were adequatelyreflected throughout the resulting Agenda forProtection.

The “Independent Evaluation of the Impact of UNHCR’sActivities in Meeting the Rights and Protection Needsof Refugee Children” was completed and publishedby UNHCR in May 2002. This evaluation highlightedaccountability and the implementation of policiesas major concerns, and suggested ways to improvethe protection and care of refugee children; an initial

plan of action was drawn up.UNHCR provided financial sup-port for a participatory researchstudy on “Promoting the Protec-tion and Capacity of AdolescentsAffected by Armed Conflict” bythe Women’s Commission forRefugee Women and Children.This study will produce recom-mendations to help UNHCR,NGOs, UN agencies and gov-ernments re-orient and improveprogramming for adolescents.

Following the joint UNHCR/Save the Children report entitledSexual Violence and Exploitation:The Experience of Refugee Childrenin Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone,UNHCR actively participated inthe Inter-Agency Standing Com-mittee’s (IASC) Task Force onProtection from Sexual Exploita-tion and Abuse in HumanitarianCrises, which was set up inMarch 2002. The organisationprovided substantive input tothe IASC Plan of Action, whichwas adopted by the IASC Princi-pals in July 2002. Furthermore, anew chapter on the specificneeds of refugee children wasincluded in the revised UNHCRGuidelines for Prevention and Response to SGBV against Refugees,Returnees and Internally DisplacedPersons.

Senior Regional Advisors (SRAs) for Refugee Chil-dren were based in Abidjan, Ankara, Damascusand Nairobi and an Advisor for Refugee Womenand Gender Equality and Refugee Children inPretoria. These five advisors provided technicalsupport and advice to the field offices in the sur-rounding regions. A Senior Policy Advisor inBrussels focused on the joint UNHCR/Save theChildren Alliance programme for Separated Chil-dren in Europe. SRAs were assisted by the RCCUin their efforts to develop regional strategies andsolutions through advocacy with governments,participation in child protection networks, and

Ethiopia: Sudanese refugees – vocational training centre for adolescents – keeping them occupied and preparing them to be self-sufficient, Bonga camp, Gambella.UNHCR / B. Neeleman


inter-agency initiatives. Examples of such initia-tives are the situation analysis of child rights inSomalia, and inter-agency strategies for the masstracing and the prevention of separation of chil-dren in the Mano river countries. Other activitiesincluded the drafting of Guidelines for Best InterestDetermination in Ethiopia (i.e. determining whichcourse of action would be in the best interests ofseparated children and others when seeking resettle-ment) capacity-building to address gender-basedviolence and sexual exploitation of children inSouthern Africa, and the strengthening of commu-nity services for children in Yemen.

During 2002, the Inter-Agency Working Group onSeparated Children, which seeks the commitmentof major child protection agencies like UNICEF,UNHCR, ICRC, Save the Children, IRC and WorldVision to a common policy, produced the final draftof its Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children. UNHCR and UNICEF establisheda working group to strengthen global and regionalco-operation which may consider a revision of theirMOU. The RCCU participated in regular thematicdiscussions with the NGO Sub-Group on Childrenin Armed Conflict and Displacement which bringstogether major actors working on refugee children’sissues.

Under the joint UNHCR and Save the Children“Separated Children in Europe Programme” (SCEP),two Training of Trainers workshops and a seminarwere held. UNHCR, NGO and government represen-tatives participated in these events and country actionplans were produced. A process of collecting bestmodels from these countries, relating to the treatmentof separated children in the asylum process, is under-way. An external consultant has been commissionedto undertake an evaluation of this programme.

As of January 2002, responsibility for overall co-or-dination of Action for the Rights of Children (ARC)passed smoothly from UNHCR to the Save theChildren Alliance in Geneva. Both UNICEF and theOffice of the High Commissioner for Human Rights(OHCHR) endorsed the ARC resource material andhave adopted it into their training strategies. Otherchild protection agencies, especially the Consortiumfor the Protection of Children in Emergencies, havelikewise drawn upon ARC resources in its capacity-building activities. A revised approach to the ARC

inter-agency training and capacity-building pro-gramme is aimed at strengthening child protectionand care in selected field operations. In the ManoRiver countries, newly established national ARCresource groups focused on engaging both seniormanagement of humanitarian agencies and the refu-gee community and closely collaborated with theexisting child protection networks. This model isbeing replicated in Afghanistan, the East and Hornof Africa, Southern Africa and Thailand. The up-dated ARC CD-Rom was distributed to all UNHCRoffices at the end of 2002.

In 2002, UNHCR continued to address the distinctneeds of older refugees. In April, the CommunityServices Unit at headquarters provided inputs onolder refugees for the information pack distributedat the Second World Assembly on Ageing held inMadrid. As part of UNHCR’s response to the rec-ommendations made in the International Plan ofAction on Ageing, an information pack on UNHCR’sPolicy and Guidelines on Older Refugees was dis-tributed in English and French to all UNHCR fieldoffices during the third quarter of 2002. The infor-mation kit included documents such as UNHCR’sPolicy on Older Refugees; the brochure entitled OlderRefugees: a Resource for the Refugee Community; andOlder People in Disasters and Humanitarian Crises:Guidelines for Best Practices. UNHCR’s Policy onOlder Refugees was endorsed at the 17th Meetingof the Standing Committee in 2000.

In 2002, UNHCR community services (CS) staff andimplementing partners participated in a comprehen-sive survey of the role of community services inUNHCR’s country programmes. Independent con-sultants assessed community service funding, staff-ing and the status of CS officers over a ten-yearperiod in programmes for the Russian Federation,Nepal, Thailand, Uganda, and Zambia. A draft evalu-ation report was submitted in December 2002. Theevaluation concluded that for several years UNHCRhad seriously under-invested in community services,despite the crucial role that the CS staff have to playin the social and community aspects of refugee pro-tection, especially for refugee women and children.

Some of the main recommendations included:• ensuring the availability of professional CS staff

in all important operations; • strengthening the role and authority of CS staff

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in social and field-based analysis, monitoring,programme planning and protection;

• updating of CS manuals and training materialson the community development approach, tohighlight the protection role of CS and to elimi-nate use of terminology which refers to refu-gees as “vulnerable” or “dependent”;

• improving the skills of CSstaff through training in pro-tection, child rights, gender,micro-finance and the selec-tion of experienced staffwith participatory researchskills.

The recommendations will bereviewed in conjunction withthe evaluations on women andchildren completed earlier in2002, and a joint Plan of Actionwill be developed in the firsthalf of 2003. When a recommen-dation enjoys unequivocal sup-port (and provided that appro-priate resources are to hand), itwill be implemented in advanceof the final Plan of Action.

Community service staff playedan important part in nearly allmajor field operations in 2002,including the Afghanistan emer-gency and repatriation, and theresponse to the reports of sexualexploitation and abuse in WestAfrica and Nepal. New staffpositions were created in theseareas, while 20 CS officers wereassigned on short-term deploy-ments to operations worldwidethrough the stand-by agreementwith Save the Children Swedenand Norway.

The Unit at headquarters, reducedto one staff member for most of2002, focused on providing sup-port to field operations throughguidance and stand-by deploy-ments. In September 2002, theUnit was strengthened by the

addition of a JPO and a new officers is to join inJanuary 2003, further increasing its response andsupport capacities.

Two major projects planned for 2002 were post-poned due to the budgetary difficulties faced byUNHCR in the latter part of the year. Training mate-

Albania: The special needs of older refugees always have to be cared for. Refugeesfrom Kosovo. UNHCR / M. Vacca

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rials on the Community Development Approach(CDA), conceived as a follow-up to recommenda-tions made by the 2001 Standing Committee, couldnot be developed. A co-ordination meeting of CSstaff in Africa was also postponed. It is envisagedthat these activities will be undertaken in 2003, fol-lowed by the implementation of five field-basedpilot projects to enhance the participation of refugeecommunities in planning and implementing pro-tection and programme activities.

In 2002, UNHCR continued to implement its policyon the environment. The policy focuses on mini-mising the impact of refugees and returnees byapplying the principles of prevention, cost-effective-ness and participatory approaches involving refu-gees and local populations. The trend in 2002 wasto enhance direct field support in all phases andaspects of refugee-related activities by:

• ensuring that 2003 operational planning instru-ments would appropriately reflect environmentalconcerns: 45 Country Operation Plans werereviewed and adjusted accordingly;

• enhancing support to field offices: advice and

Tanzania: Refugees are involved in preserving the environment by preparing tree saplings for reforestation projects. UNHCR / L. Taylor

guidance on environmental management issueswas given through a more structured involve-ment by the Engineering and EnvironmentalServices Section (EESS) in the implementation ofenvironmental earmarked funds under countryprogrammes as requested by donors;

• expanding the field-based environmental co-ordinator network: a regional environmentalco-ordinator post for Southeast Asia was created and three environmental co-ordinatorposts were filled in Guinea, Rwanda and theUnited Republic of Tanzania;

• supporting the Environmental DemonstrationProjects: activities were undertaken to addressenvironmental management and cater to theneeds of refugees and local communities in Sudan;and existing demonstration projects in Zimbabwe(permaculture) and in Rwanda (anti-erosion andreforestation) were successfully streamlinedinto country programmes;

• providing direct technical support to field officesparticularly in the Central African Republic, Guinea,Kenya, the United Republic of Tanzania, andZambia, where comprehensive reviews of all en-vironment-related programmes were undertaken.

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A focus for UNHCR in 2002, was recognising theneed to address environmental restoration in refugee-affected areas, including camps scheduledfor closure. In collaboration with the InternationalConservation Union (IUCN), 35 camps in the Eastand Horn of Africa may be closed during the coming two to three years. An environmental restoration strategy was developed for refugee-affected areas in Sudan and a regional strategy willbe finalised for the Horn of Africa in early 2003.Working in conjunction with UNDP and the WorldWide Fund for Nature (WWF), UNHCR undertookan environmental impact assessment of more than200 refugee-affected sites in Baluchistan and theNorth West Frontier Province in Pakistan in orderto identify the kinds of remedial action needed.

In 2002, collaboration on environmental issues andco-ordination with partners in development andconservation agencies was improved. A joint WWFand UNHCR pilot project, “Early Warning – Towardsan Improved Management System for Refugee Operationsin Ecologically Sensitive Regions” was undertaken.This project examined ways to address the environ-mental impact of large scale refugee inflows byproviding timely information on the environmentto concerned parties. The best practices providedby more than 40 agencies during the 2001Practitioners’ Workshop were gathered together inthe form of a compendium, and a revised edition of“Refugee Operations and Environmental Management:Selected Lessons Learned” (first published in 1998)will be issued in early 2003.

UNHCR’s experience in environmental managementwas documented in the following new publications,which will be ready for dissemination in 2003:Handbook on Fuel-efficient Cooking Options; Handbookon Sustainable Agriculture; Handbook on Livestock andAnimal Husbandry in Refugee Operations and Guide-lines on Environmental Considerations in the Lifecycleof Refugee Camps.

Considerable progress was made in further develop-ing the Framework for Assessing, Monitoring andEvaluating the Environment in Refugee Operations(FRAME) Project. The project aims to define bestpractice and develop materials for environmentalassessments, monitoring and evaluation. In this respect, two workshops were held in Guinea andUganda to summarise the findings, to date, and

chart the future of the project. An EnvironmentalIndicators Framework User Guide was developedand distributed in English and French to all UNHCRoffices. A participatory-based approach is a keymethod for the FRAME project, which was expandedto Ethiopia and Uganda where data-managerswere recruited to manage community-based environ-mental monitoring systems.

UNHCR, in collaboration with UNESCO’s Pro-gramme of Education for Emergencies and Recon-struction (PEER) re-oriented the focus of environ-mental education by devising broader outreach tech-niques, with generic materials easily adapted toany setting. Schoolbooks, training manuals, gamesand other non-formal awareness raising materialswere tested in Ethiopia, Sudan and Zambia.

Awareness of environmental issues in refugee-related operations was emphasised through nationalenvironmental management training sessions andworkshops in 2002. On World Environment Day,UNHCR distributed resource packs to all fieldoffices worldwide. This stimulated action in variouscountries and refugees, local populations and a fewlocal authorities, embarked on environmentalactivities such as clean-up operations, tree planting,waste paper collection and recycling.

Some environmental interventions were curtailedfor lack of funds. The Regional EnvironmentalManagement Workshops scheduled for SoutheastAsia and Central Asia were discontinued. Budgetreductions in the latter part of the year led torestrictions on missions and hiring of consultants,making on-site guidance relatively difficult. Thecommemoration activities for the World Summiton Sustainable Development in Johannesburg werealso substantially reduced impacting on a numberof planned environmental micro-projects in manyof UNHCR’s field operations.

Activities and projects

Activities undertaken by the Department ofInternational Protection (DIP) for the promotion ofrefugee law and advocacy included continued co-operation with the International Institute ofHumanitarian Law (IIHL) in San Remo, where therefugee law course targets government officials


and others dealing with refugee issues, judgesinvolved with refugee law, and representatives ofNGOs working on refugee programmes or humanrights activities. In 2002, four courses took place,attended by 174 persons and UNHCR offeredscholarships to a handful of the most qualifiedcandidates from developing countries. For the firsttime, a course in Spanish was held, partially sponsored by España para el ACNUR (the SpanishCommittee for UNHCR). In 2002, UNHCR alsosponsored refugee law courses in co-operationwith the International Institute of Human Rights inStrasbourg (France) and the University ofBangalore (India).

The Reach Out Project is a refugee protection traininginitiative targeting mid-level NGO and Red Crossstaff and is spearheaded by international NGO net-works together with the IFRC. In 2002, nine trainingevents were organised in nine locations. Some 490persons benefitted from them. In addition to theEnglish and French versions, the training moduleswere translated into Russian.

UNHCR reinforced its partnership with the ICRCand universities by presenting refugee law sessionsduring their training events organised by the ICRCand several other institutions. These included theNamur Course on Humanitarian Law Principlesorganised by the Belgian Red Cross, the UNITARFellowship Programme on International Law, theUniversity of Geneva’s Diploma in HumanitarianAction and the University of Lyon’s Post-graduateDiploma in Humanitarian Health.

The Refugee Status Determination (RSD) Projectis designed to assist in clearing backlogs in the pro-cessing of asylum claims, strengthening the overallmanagement of refugee status determination andproviding training on RSD to UNHCR and govern-ment staff. Through the RSD Project, internationalconsultants and national eligibility officers arerecruited to assist UNHCR field offices and govern-ments in different locations to improve the fairnessand quality of their RSD procedures and to enhancegender-mainstreaming. During 2002, RSD projectswere implemented in Argentina, Hong Kong SAR,Cyprus, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Lebanon, Malaysia,Slovenia, Sudan and the Syrian Arab Republic. InHong Kong SAR, the backlog of asylum applica-tions was cleared. In Egypt, UNHCR’s Regional

Office in Cairo received similar support, reducingthe waiting period between registration and initialinterview from two years to six months. In Kenya,the project contributed, over a one-year period end-ing in May, to improving the quality and integrityof the asylum process, while providing guidance tonational eligibility staff. In Lebanon, the projecthad similar aims. In the Syrian Arab Republic, theproject helped UNHCR’s office to cope with thevolume of asylum claims being processed. InSlovenia, the project provided intensive training tothe government’s eligibility officers. In Sudan, theapplication of the Cessation Clause for all Eritreanrefugees included a status determination procedureto adjudicate claims for continued refugee status.The RSD Project supported the implementation ofthe programme with four international consultantsproviding training and supervising the eligibilityteams.

Argentina is one of the few Latin American coun-tries with both national refugee legislation and eli-gibility procedures in place. Its National EligibilityCommission (CEPARE) lacks sufficient trainedstaff, however, and it has faced a relentless increasein asylum applications, resulting in a growing back-log. UNHCR launched an RSD Project to supportCEPARE through training and technical assistance,to reduce the waiting period preceding the finaldetermination of refugee status and to exploreways to streamline the work of the NationalEligibility Commission. The RSD Project supportedUNHCR’s office in Malaysia to address limitedRSD processing capacity and the growing numbersof asylum applications awaiting a decision. InGhana, the RSD Project supported the UNHCROffice by providing staff and resources to train,equip and guide the members of the new GhanaRefugee Board. The long-term objective has been togradually hand over responsibility to the Ghanaianauthorities. In Thailand, support was provided toeliminate the backlog of pending cases and toincrease staffing capacity and thereby preclude anyrecurrence of the problem.

DIP’s Protection Capacity Section (PCS) is respon-sible for the promotion and dissemination of prin-ciples of refugee law and international protection,and is tasked with planning, co-ordinating andimplementing a comprehensive global training pro-gramme to upgrade protection expertise throughout

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the Office. The Protection Learning Programme (PLP)launched in 2000, has been completed by 400 par-ticipants from 85 countries.

In 2002, six PLP workshops were held on Training ofthe Trainers (in Geneva, Madrid, Nairobi, Bangkokand two in Budapest).

Building on the success of the PLP, and an assess-ment of the needs of senior staff, DIP developedadditional learning programmes in 2002, on morespecialised and complex protection issues facingsenior colleagues. The new Thematic Learning Pro-gramme, scheduled to begin in early 2003, covers:

• Protection Strategies in Areas Affected byArmed Conflict. This module aims to supportfield operations in situations of armed conflictas well as in post-conflict scenarios.

• Protection Strategies in the Context of BroaderMigration Movements. This module aims to helpsenior managers develop strategies consistentwith a clear definition of UNHCR’s role in rela-tion to broader migration movements.

Approximately 30 staff members have alreadyapplied and been selected to participate in each ofthese modules.

Resettlement activities and projects: Responding tothe challenge of strengthening resettlement activities,the Resettlement Section and DIP's RSD Unit intro-duced a two-part training strategy in 2002, combiningtraining in refugee status determination procedureswith training in resettlement activities.This serves tostrengthen the functional linkage between the variousphases of the protection “continuum”, beginningwith the initial contact of the asylum-seeker withUNHCR, and ending with the achievement of adurable solution. Two regional workshops took placeduring the year: one in Amman for the Middle East(March 2002) and in Macao for Asia (April 2002). Atotal of 53 UNHCR and NGO field staff participatedin these workshops.

The second element of the training strategy comprisesthe development of a specialised Learning Programmefor refugee status determination and resettlementpractitioners. The launch of the pilot session was ini-tially foreseen for the last quarter of 2002, but waspostponed to the beginning of 2003. The Programme

will be used as a means of upgrading UNHCR’s oper-ational systems and strengthening accountability. Itis an important component of UNHCR’s strategy toenhance the quality of protection and resettlementactivities.

With the support of UNHCR, the “emerging” resettle-ment countries – Benin, Brazil, Burkina Faso andChile continued their resettlement programmes in2002. In April, the Chilean Government undertooka selection mission to Azerbaijan and Pakistan tointerview mostly Afghan refugees. In Brazil, the 23refugees welcomed in Porto Alegre in April werethe country’s first group. As part of its efforts todiversify resettlement opportunities, as called forin the Agenda for Protection, UNHCR has continuedto work closely with these potential resettlementcountries.

Implementation of the Integration Initiative, spear-headed by the 2001 International Conference on theReception and Integration of Resettled Refugees,continued in 2002. A coalition of Canadian NGOs –the Canadian Council for Refugees (CCR), becamethe focal point for the Reference Group on Integra-tion and requested the co-operation of UNHCRand governments to promote twinning initiativesbetween traditional and emerging resettlementcountries. In September 2002, UNHCR issued a newhandbook entitled Refugee Resettlement: An Interna-tional Handbook to Guide Reception and Integration.The Handbook is being distributed widely amongstaff working with newly resettled refugees and isa positive joint venture between governments,NGO partners and UNHCR.

UNHCR field offices continue to enjoy supportthrough the UNHCR-ICMC Resettlement Deploy-ment Scheme, which enables qualified staff fromNGOs and inter-governmental organisations to bedeployed to field offices. During the year, 47 per-sons were deployed to field operations in 29 loca-tions: 17 in Africa, four in Eastern Europe, four inthe Middle East, three in Asia and one in LatinAmerica. The deployment scheme reinforces thecapacity of field offices to identify and refer casesfor resettlement. In some instances, deployees havealso provided expertise for the resettlement of spe-cific refugee groups, such as children and women-at-risk. Providing adequate training to deployeeswas a priority. Two training workshops benefiting

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39 potential deployees were organised in early Mayin Washington DC (USA), and in late November inCalgary (Canada).

Protection-related projects: The Protection Opera-tions Support Section (POSS) aims to strengthenprotection capacities at the operational level andensure a consistent global approach to the imple-mentation of UNHCR’s protection mandate andpolicies. It seeks to close the gap between protec-tion principles and the operational aspects of pro-tection by: identifying and disseminating bestpractices; producing guidelines and tools; makingselective reviews of protection operations; preparingimproved methods for monitoring and reportingon protection activities; and providing advisorysupport and technical advice on the protection ofwomen, children and statelessness issues.

The Protection Surge Capacity Project was developed to address shortages of protection staffespecially during emergencies which result in sudden temporary surges in protection staffingneeds. The section implements the project in part-nership with IRC, an NGO.

In 2002, the Surge project facilitated 36 deploymentsto UNHCR protection operations in: Afghanistan,

Angola, Cambodia, Chad, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire,Ecuador, Ghana, Guinea, India, Liberia, Malaysia,Nauru, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Switzerland andVenezuela. A regularly updated roster of 70 quali-fied and experienced protection personnel has beendeveloped as a resource base for the project.

Prevention and response to sexual and gender-based violence: In the wake of allegations, in Feb-ruary 2002, of sexual violence and exploitation ofrefugee children in West Africa, the year saw a majordrive within UNHCR to prevent and respond tosexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). TheHigh Commissioner announced a policy of “zerotolerance” of such acts and UNHCR adopted aninternal code of conduct for all staff, as well as forimplementing partners. UNHCR contributedactively to the process of consultations leading tothe adoption of the Plan of Action devised by theInter-Agency Standing Committee Task Force onProtection from Sexual Exploitation inHumanitarian Crisis. Age and gender-relatedissues and in particular the prevention of SGBVwere included throughout the strategic goals,objectives and activities of the Agenda for Protection.The 1995 Sexual Violence against Refugees: Guidelinesfor Prevention and Response, were revised and field-tested in some 30 countries with the participation

of refugees, government andNGO partners and are sched-uled to be issued in 2003. In theinterim, a Step-by-Step Guide forProtection Officers for Preventingand Responding to SGBV was pre-pared and shared with UNHCRfield offices. To focus attentionon SGBV prevention andresponse in field operations,Designing Protection Strategies andMeasuring Progress: Checklist forUNHCR Staff was issued in2002, and included specificguidance on these issues.

Newly recruited protection offi-cers as well as personnel de-ployed under DIP’s ProtectionSurge Capacity Project receivedpre-deployment briefings onwomen’s and children’s rights.Training specifically focusing on

Afghanistan: Protection staff are routinely briefed on refugee women and children'srights as they make up the majority of the population of concern to UNHCR.UNHCR / M. Shinohara


SGBV issues was conducted in Nepal, Pakistan,Southern Africa, Turkey and West Africa.

Under the Voluntary Repatriation Project, assist-ance was provided to all individual refugees wish-ing to repatriate voluntarily who can neither affordnor obtain the necessary funds for that purpose, andwhose assistance needs are not covered under anyother UNHCR project. The project enables refugeesto return to their country of origin and to resume a normal life. The project is almost entirely imple-mented through an UNHCR-IOM agreement. Dur-ing 2002, 37 cases (comprising a total of 66 refugees)repatriated.

In 2002, UNHCR issued its first evaluation policystatement, which commits the organisation to certainlevels, types and standards of evaluation activity.The statement also introduces procedures relatingto the way that evaluation findings and recommen-dations are to be acted upon.

During 2002, the Evaluation and Policy AnalysisUnit (EPAU) continued to implement a plan ofaction for the devolution of the evaluation function,which encourages and assists regional bureaux andother entities within the organisation to play anactive role in initiating, managing and makingeffective use of evaluation projects.

EPAU’s work programme in 2002 focused on anumber of priority issues: UNHCR’s role in meetingthe needs of refugee women and children; the com-munity services function in UNHCR; UNHCR’soperational role in situations of internal displace-ment; UNHCR’s policy towards refugees in urbanareas; and international responses to the problemof protracted refugee situations, especially inAfrica. A total of 15 evaluation reports and 24research papers were issued during the year.

Among the Health-related Projects, combatingHIV/AIDS is a priority for UNHCR. In 2002, aSenior HIV/AIDS Technical Officer wasrecruited at headquarters. In February 2002, aStrategic Plan for 2002-2004 on HIV/AIDS

and Refugees was distributed widely withinUNHCR, as well as among other UN agencies anddonors. The plan has three objectives: 1) to ensurethat refugees live in dignity, free from discrimina-tion, with their human rights respected; 2) to ensure

that a minimum package of HIV/AIDS programmesis provided in refugee emergency situations (safeblood supply; adherence to universal medical pre-cautions; condom distribution; basic health care;HIV information, education and communication;orphan tracing; and protection and care of survivorsof sexual violence); 3) to implement multi-sectoraland comprehensive HIV/AIDS pilot programmesin more stable situations so as to link prevention tocare, and reinforce surveillance, monitoring andevaluation of such programmes.

Evaluation missions to Kenya, Tanzania, andUganda were undertaken during the second half of 2002. Numerous observations led to the modifi-cation of these countries’ HIV/AIDS programmes.Consultants were recruited to implement or evaluatesurveillance surveys and systems, youth centres,voluntary testing and counselling, and programmeson the prevention of mother-to-child transmission.Their findings resulted in an HIV/AIDS and Refu-gees Workshop being held in Entebbe, Uganda inDecember 2002. Differences in HIV/AIDS pro-grammes were observed among the various refugeecamps and between refugee camps and host countrypopulations. Systems were developed to help stan-dardise programmes and country action plans for2003. Participants at the Workshop signed a con-sensus statement that emphasised the importanceof addressing HIV/AIDS in refugee situations,underlining the devastating consequences of thepandemic and listing the steps which UNHCR andits implementing partners must take to combat thespread of the disease.

UNHCR is a member of the Inter-Agency StandingCommittee reference group on HIV/AIDS andEmergencies. The committee participated in devel-oping a matrix of minimum HIV/AIDS responsesaccording to the phases of an emergency and is inthe process of revising the 1995 Guidelines for HIVIntervention in Emergency Settings.

UNHCR also worked closely with host countrygovernments as well as UNAIDS at the headquar-ters and country levels to ensure that refugees areincluded in National HIV/AIDS Control Pro-grammes as well as various proposals to the GlobalFund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and,the World Bank. Furthermore, UNHCR worked withmany other UN organisations to address the double

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emergency of food shortages and HIV/AIDS inSouthern Africa. This issue was addressed in theMOU signed between WFP and UNHCR on 9 July2002 and a mission to assess the situation isplanned for early 2003.

Management of population and geographic data:The Population and Geographic Data Section(PGDS) of the Division of Operational Support(DOS) is made up of the Geographical Informationand Mapping Unit (GIMU), the Population DataUnit (PDU) and a refugee registration support team.The achievements of the PGDS during 2002 includedthe following:

GIMU produced some 600 new country andregional maps for UNHCR operations worldwide,and over 50 new thematic maps, highlighting globaltrends, for global consultations and policy debates.GIMU also produced more than 50 maps for theGlobal Reports and Appeals showing refugee pres-ence and UNHCR offices in major UNHCR opera-tions, and 15 maps for the Statistical Yearbook. In2002, 140 new ‘atlas-type’ country maps, showingphysical geography (elevation from the sea level),were produced for each UNHCR country opera-tion. The unit assisted the newly-created PublicInformation Section (PIS) by providing more than200 operational maps for the Refworld and KIMSCD-ROMs.

GIMU staff undertook several missions to strengthenthe management of geographical information.Geographic information systems (GIS) wereinstalled for the first time in several field offices,and many other offices expanded their use of GIStools. GIMU undertook a mission to Sri Lanka toinitiate the establishment of a comprehensive GIS,to facilitate the re-registration of the IDP popula-tion and to prepare for their return to areas of origin.An expert was identified for the follow-up to thiswork. A mission to Afghanistan was undertaken toensure close liaison between three new informationco-ordinators in the region. In addition, they wereprovided with technical support by the Unit. At theend of 2002, plans were made for a similar missionto Angola and early preparations were made forthe “Iraq crisis”.

The capacity for wider and more systematic GIScoverage of populations in refugee camps in East,

West and Central Africa was greatly increased in2002. A comprehensive site-level GIS was developed,linked to registration data and sectoral data providedby partners for the Kakuma camps in Kenya. In-creased co-operation between officers based in theEast, West and Central African regions as well asthe GIMU/PGDS led to the collection of standardplace names and administrative units in countriesof origin, for use in refugee registration and, wher-ever appropriate, early preparations for voluntaryrepatriation.

To strengthen its work in the field of remote sensing,GIMU collaborated with a private provider company,to produce satellite maps using high resolution sat-ellite imagery. These maps were used for environ-mental assessment purposes.

The publication of UNHCR’s first Statistical Year-book was undertaken by the PDU in October 2002.It included a comprehensive analysis of the statusof refugee populations and durable solutions up tothe end of 2001, and a review of global refugeetrends during the past 10 years. The unit collected,analysed and published regular reports on annualand quarterly population statistics, including asylum trends in industrialised countries. In addi-tion, the unit assumed responsibility in 2002 forproducing global education and resettlement statistics. The reporting formats for these statisticsare currently being revised to ensure that in thefuture they correlate with the overall populationfigures, and to enhance their value as monitoringtools for the operations concerned and for head-quarters.

The PGDS refugee registration support team pro-vided ongoing support to registration activities infield operations and undertook the remainingpreparatory work needed to launch Project Profile.

In 2002, the High Commissioner identified the regis-tration of refugees as an issue of prime importancefor UNHCR and additional resources were devotedto the creation of a team to advance Project Profilewithin the Division of Operational Support. TheProfile Team, under the policy guidance of a ProjectBoard chaired by the Deputy High Commissioner,focused on new developments in registration,while the Population and Geographic Data Section(PGDS) remained responsible for providing support

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to ongoing registration in field operations. Bothunits continue to work closely with the Depart-ment of International Protection (DIP), the Information Technology and TelecommunicationsService (ITTS), and the regional bureaux, particu-larly through the Working Group on Registration.

In November, the Project Board approved the Profileproposal and a draft budget for presentation in early2003. A global registration baseline survey was alsoconducted in late 2002. The results will form thebasis of systematic prioritisation of field supportinterventions and will guide improvements foreseenunder Project Profile. Revision of the RegistrationHandbook began in December. Major registrationactivities were undertaken in Côte d’Ivoire, Georgia,Guinea, Liberia, Namibia, Pakistan, Sudan andYemen. Additional support was provided for regis-tration activities in Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, India,Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Thailand.

In the second half of 2002, the UNHCR office inPakistan conducted the first successful test of bio-metric technology, adding iris recognition to existingverification measures in the voluntary repatriationprogramme. Project Profile and PGDS are leadingthe development of UNHCR’s strategic approachto future uses of biometrics.

In 2002, UNHCR engaged in a wide range of mediarelations and public information projects whichhelped to provide timely and accurate informationto the media and the general public. These projectswere designed to mobilise public opinion, generatingmoral, political and financial support for UNHCR’swork.

In addition to the thousands of individual mediainterviews and more than 100 formal press briefingsin Geneva, the Service wrote, edited, produced anddistributed more than 800 individual publications,press releases, UNHCR website reports, EmergencyUpdates, Briefing Notes, photo packages andaudio/video reports covering UNHCR’s globalactivities. As a result of the increased informationflow, UNHCR received substantial media coverageduring the year even though no major internationalrefugee crisis occurred. At the end of the year, asearch through the “Factiva” database of selectedinternational media, using the terms “UNHCR,”“UN refugee agency,” “HCR,” or “ACNUR,” resulted

in more than 11,200 UNHCR-related media storiesin five languages (English, French, German, Italianand Spanish).

The Media Relations and Public Information Service’smass information efforts in 2002 focused on theAfghanistan repatriation and aimed at providingobjective information to refugees, returnees and hostcommunities. The Senior Mass Information Officerhelped to establish a network of local and interna-tional mass information staff in time for the voluntaryreturn programme for Afghan refugees that startedin Pakistan in March and in The Islamic Republic ofIran in April. As the voluntary return programmetook place, local and international mass informa-tion staff simultaneously distributed relevant infor-mation to local newspapers, radio and televisionstations in Pakistan and The Islamic Republic ofIran and to the international radio networks.UNHCR also worked closely with Radio Afghanistanand the BBC World Service, which providedhumanitarian broadcasts in Dari and Pashto. Else-where, the Unit worked with UN agencies on acommunications programme for displaced residentsof Kosovo, who are mainly in Serbia and Montenegro,to inform them about conditions in the villagesthey left behind in Serbian provinces. A similarprogramme was set up for Eritrean refugees inSudan and other mass information activities weresupported in Nepal and West Africa.

The Private Sector and Public Affairs Service con-tinued to pursue its dual objective of generatingpublic support for UNHCR and refugees, whilesupporting private sector fund raising efforts.

Following the discontinuation of the 50th Anniversary Unit in mid-2001, the Public AffairsUnit co-ordinated the second World Refugee Day(WRD) on 20 June 2002, on the theme of refugeewomen. On the day, some 100 countries participat-ed, with celebrations in refugee camps with traditional music and dance; displays of art andhandicrafts; sports competitions; drawing competitions for children; films; photo exhibits;social events; and awareness raising seminars onrefugee issues for local authorities, local communities, UN agencies, NGOs, the wider public and refugees themselves. In key donorcountries, the activities were often of a high profilenature, such as the event organised in Washington

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DC by UNHCR and USA for UNHCR involving theparticipation of US Secretary of State Colin Powelland UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador Angelina Jolie. For more information on WRD please visit www.worldrefugeeday.info

The Nansen Refugee Award ceremony was held inOslo on World Refugee Day. The Award was presented by the High Commissioner to CaptainArne F. Rinnan, his crew and the owners of theNorwegian container vessel MV Tampa that rescued438 asylum-seekers in the Indian Ocean in August2001. The High Commissioner said he hoped theaward would encourage “all individuals who, intheir private capacity, could contribute to improvingthe well-being of asylum-seekers and refugees.”The Nansen Refugee Award was established in 1954in honour of Fridtjof Nansen, the first High Commissioner for Refugees for the League ofNations. Since 2001, the Norwegian Governmenthas supported a series of activities to raise the profile of the Award.

The Public Affairs Unit and three of UNHCR’sGoodwill Ambassadors (GWAs) participated in atwo-day conference in New York, organised by theUN Secretary-General. The outcome of these con-sultations resulted in the drawing up of objectivesand UN system-wide guidelines for GWAs (issuedin September).

As a GWA, Angelina Jolie was very active during2002. She participated with the High Commissionerin the Olympic Aid Round Table at the OlympicsGames in Salt Lake City (February), where she calledfor support for sports programmes in refugee camps.She made field visits to Namibia (April), Thailand(May), Ecuador (June), Kenya (October), and Kosovo(December). Her visit to Ecuador was documented inthe film, Desplazados, a 27-minute documentary aboutColombian refugees, narrated by Ms. Jolie and fea-turing footage of her field visit to Ecuador. She alsoparticipated in a ceremony in Washington DC onWRD (see paragraph above on WRD). In New York,she delivered a statement at the Secretary-General’smeeting of all UN GWAs, participated in all the work-shops, and gave several interviews on her work forrefugees. Her advocacy work on behalf of refugeesincluded cover stories in high circulation magazinessuch as Vogue, Marie Claire and US Weekly, as well ascoverage on radio (BBC World Service 70th Anniver-

sary show) and television shows (Revealed, E-Channel).Ms. Jolie is a generous private donor to UNHCR, andshe continues to cover her costs on all field visits.

For the fourth time, Luciano Pavarotti dedicated hisannual Pavarotti and Friends concert to UNHCR.The show was broadcast live on Italian television,with appeals for Angolan refugees in Zambia. Morethan USD 2.5 million was raised by that event andthe accompanying media/fund raising campaignin Rome.

Giorgio Armani was appointed as a GoodwillAmbassador by the High Commissioner during the Pavarotti Concert live broadcast. He helped toinitiate an income generation project for Afghanreturnees, hosted the premier of the film Desplazados,and led a Christmas fund raising campaign inArmani boutiques worldwide.

Barbara Hendricks continued her work as a boardmember of the Refugee Education Trust, participatedin a UNHCR event launching WRD activities inGeneva and continued to speak out on behalf ofrefugees in all her interviews worldwide.

The Regional Goodwill Ambassador for the Arabworld, Adel Imam, participated in the Secretary-General’s meeting of GWAs in New York, in WRDevents in Cairo, and introduced the High Commis-sioner to a large gathering of Egyptian businessleaders. In 2002, he continued to highlight refu-gees’ rights in the Arab language press.

During 2002, several branch offices expressed interestin the use of celebrity advocates to help promote localWRD activities, awareness campaigns and fund rais-ing initiatives. For example, French singer Julien Clerclent one of his popular songs to a UNHCR TV spot,launched an awareness event in St. Malo, and spokeabout refugees during television appearances.

For more details about GWA activities, you maysearch the UNHCR website (www.unhcr.org). In thesearch box, type in the last name of the GWA to seeall website features concerning their work withUNHCR.

The dissemination of educational materials contin-ued throughout 2002. During the second half of theyear, two of the most popular educational resources,

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Carly and To Feel at Home, were reprinted in largequantities and distributed to UNHCR branch officesand, upon request, to schools and teachers worldwide.

The UNHCR library provided refugee informationand literature to UNHCR staff and external re-searchers. In 2002, the consultation services of theLibrary were interrupted for several months due tothe relocation of some 30,000 books and documents.A new Reading Room, with full computer access, wasset up in the Visitors’ Centre. It offers users a largevariety of academic journals (95 titles), referencematerial and international newspapers. The Libraryalso added some 430 new titles to its on-line cata-logue. The Refugee Literature Database (REFLIT)now contains some 16,000 references and is avail-able on UNHCR’s internal and external websites.

In 2002, the Library published four issues of theacademic journal, Refugee Survey Quarterly (RSQ).To commemorate WRD, a special issue on refugeewomen was published in collaboration with theDivision of Operational Support.

During 2002, the Visitors’ Centre welcomed some5,000 visitors of various nationalities. To raiseUNHCR’s profile, the Centre participated exten-sively in a range of public events in Switzerland:information stands at the Humanitarian Aid Con-gress in Montreux (8 March) and the InternationalGeneva Book Fair (1 to 5 May). In co-operationwith the Liaison Office for Switzerland & Liechtenstein, the Centre organised various exhibi-tions and public awareness activities in June and Julyincluding: at the “Bol d’Or” (a boat race on LakeGeneva); at the FNAC Switzerland on celebratingcultural diversity; and at the Swiss Expo 02 inMurten.

During ExCom, a series of visual exhibits were setup. These included facts and figures about refugeepopulations and budgets, and a series of thought-provoking images of refugee women and children,as well as images reflecting refugees and the envi-ronment.

In 2002, the Staff Development Section (SDS) con-tinued efforts through its training-related projectsto ensure coherence in the learning activities offeredto UNHCR staff. The SDS applied the followingframework:

• provide induction and orientation for all newand rotating staff;

• implement five core learning programmes inprotection, operations, resource management,and middle/senior management;

• offer generic skills training in communications,languages, information technology, personaleffectiveness, health, welfare and safety;

• provide functional group training to developthe specific skills of clearly defined groups; and

• support new policies and priorities coveringimportant issues requiring a particular time-limited training intervention.

This framework helps promote training activitiesin UNHCR, target a well-defined learning groupand ensure a greater degree of cost effectiveness. Inaddition, a clear framework allows staff to plantheir learning activities more effectively.

2002 was a watershed year. SDS continued to buildup a wider portfolio of learning options, makingthem more accessible to staff. The Section also madeefforts to improve training methodologies in orderto ensure effective learning. Based on the improvedportfolio of learning activities, in 2003, SDS willprovide the mechanisms and policies for staff tosystematically plan their learning to supportUNHCR’s priorities and their career opportunities.

During 2002, SDS (in co-ordination with theElectronic Publishing Unit) launched a new site onthe UNHCR Intranet called Le@rningNet, whichprovides information on learning activities. Inview of the fact that some staff do not have Internetaccess, information will also be available in hardcopy and eventually on CD-Rom.

The Section continued to promote new approachesto learning, applicable not only to the developmentof new programmes, but also to existing pro-grammes. The most salient of these is the three-phase learning programme approach which com-prises a self-study and reflection phase prior to therelevant workshop; participation in the workshop;and finally the application of the material learned.SDS also encouraged learning at the workplace,including coaching.

In 2002, SDS workshops and programmes wereaffected by UNHCR’s financial crisis. Towards the

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end of the year all workshops were cancelled andthe development of some programmes wasdelayed, which impacted the longer-term strategicdirection of learning in UNHCR.

However, some new programmes were developedusing training-related project funds and adminis-trative allocations:• a suite of 54 on-line learning courses purchased

by UNHCR from a commercial vendor;• two new Thematic Protection Learning Pro-

grammes for senior protection staff;• the Guide for Code of Conduct Facilitators and

subsequent facilitation sessions for all staff;

Uganda: UNHCR maintains relief supplies for emergency needs. Here, Sudanese refugees are provided with clothes. UNHCR / S. Mann

• the Refugee Status Determination (RSD)/Resettlement Learning Programme;

• the revision of the Facilitation of LearningProgramme and its roll out after the pilot phase;

• a CD-Rom on staff safety, health and welfare,developed by UNHCR on behalf of all the UNagencies; and

• an enhanced Induction and Orientation processincluding a new tool kit.

Through its emergency-related projects, UNHCRmaintained relief supplies (kitchen sets, blankets,plastic sheeting, jerry cans) for 250,000 persons at itsCentral Emergency Stockpile (CES) in Copenhagen.

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In 2002, relief supplies were drawn from CES tomeet urgent needs in Afghanistan, Angola, Gabon,Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Pakistan, Senegal andSierra Leone. UNHCR also continued to establishpartnerships with governments to secure additionalrelief supplies for refugee emergencies. As a resultof these efforts, agreements were reached withJapan and the United Kingdom on access to theirstandby emergency relief supplies. UNHCR alsoinitiated field-testing of prototype tents under con-sideration for inclusion in the standard relief supplypackage stored at the CES.

Along with relief supplies, UNHCR maintainedminimum stocks of transport and telecommunica-tions equipment at the CES and in Geneva, to allowfor rapid delivery and the establishment of initialsupport structures within the first days of responseto emergency situations.

The Emergency Preparedness and Response Section(EPRS) organised and delivered three workshops onemergency management in France, Germany and theUSA, training some 98 UNHCR and partner staff toprepare for the Emergency Response Team (ERT)roster. The workshops were hosted by the respec-tive governments.

EPRS also held four situational emergency trainingworkshops in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(covering both the Democratic Republic and theRepublic of the Congo), Kenya, Iraq, and Jordan,focusing on specific emergency-prone situations inthe respective regions and involving 13 countriesof concern. Out of 111, 81 participants were repre-sentatives of UNHCR’s operational counterpartsand governments in the regions.

As part of its early warning efforts, ESS commis-sioned short analyses, on a monthly basis, of thecountry situations in 12 “hot spot” countries wherethere was risk of significant population displace-ment. An intranet website was developed andlaunched in August 2002 to carry in-house infor-mation, including external analysis on the 12 “hot spots.” This internal management tool willvastly improve the monitoring of potential emer-gencies.

UNHCR advocates education as a basic right and asustainable tool for the protection of refugees in the

context of the 1951 Refugee Convention and otherinternational instruments. In 2002, UNHCR’s maineducation activities included: guaranteeing accessto primary education for grades one to eight forrefugee children worldwide (including community-based initiatives providing early childhood and pre-school education where required); lower secondaryschooling for grades nine to ten; and supportingaccess to higher education beyond grade tendepending on the availability of funding. Low-costeducation was also provided to adolescents andnon-formal education to adults, taking into consider-ation their specific needs, such as, psycho-socialdevelopment and, technical and vocational training.UNHCR remained committed to the key principlesof refugee participation, community development,local capacity building, gender equity and address-ing special needs of groups at risk whilst imple-menting its education projects.

Global education projects for higher education weremainly supported through earmarked and privately-funded scholarship schemes. The Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize scholarship programme pro-vided secondary school scholarships for 96 refugeeyouths in Ghana and Uganda. Some 50 per cent ofthe students were female. The Albert EinsteinAcademic Scholarship Programme for RefugeeStudents (DAFI), solely funded by the GermanForeign Office, provided tertiary education forsome 1,000 refugees in 50 developing countries.The German Foundation for UN Refugee Aidthrough DAFI supported studies for Afghanrefugees in the Islamic Republics of Iran andPakistan. The studies aimed at developing theknowledge and skills of refugees, to enable them tocontribute more effectively to the reconstruction oftheir country of origin upon repatriation or to theirlocal integration in their countries of asylum.

UNHCR supported innovative programmes ondeveloping life skills and value-education, such asEducation for Peace, endorsed by the Inter-AgencyNetwork for Education in Emergencies (INEE). In2002, the programme was expanded from five tonine countries: Côte d’Ivoire, the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea,Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Uganda. An eval-uation of the programme in Kenya showed a defi-nite impact on the ability of refugees to move fromdestructive to constructive behaviour patterns.


UNHCR promoted education activities throughglobal inter-agency co-operation with UNESCO,UNICEF (Girl’s Education Initiative) and the INEE.Under the bilateral partnership with the NorwegianRefugee Council, UNHCR deployed eight educationofficers on short-term assignments to Eritrea, Ethiopia,the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea,Kenya, Sierra Leone and headquarters in Geneva.

UNHCR set up the Refugee Education Trust (RET)to strengthen its post-primary education pro-grammes. Apart from financial support, UNHCRalso provided staffing and logistical support untilthe end of 2002. Some 32,173 students and 916teachers in seven countries (Colombia, Guinea,Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania andUganda) were sponsored. Although RET becamefinancially independent of UNHCR at the end of2002, collaboration on education activities withRET will continue.

In 2002, UNHCR made a commitment to strengthenexisting partnerships with development actors andbuild new ones by linking humanitarian assistanceand development, to assist refugees in their searchfor durable solutions. However, the facilitation ofsocio-economic interactions between refugees/returnees and local populations, inclusion ofrefugees and returnees in national developmentplanning and the reintegration of refugees in post-conflict conditions continued to be challenges forUNHCR.

During the year, UNHCR devel-oped and clarified its policies onreintegration and local integra-tion by establishing an internalworking group on durable solu-tions chaired by the High Com-missioner. Regular meetingswere held with focal points fromUNDP and the World Bank. Inorder to advocate the Office’sapproach to durable solutionsfor refugee problems, UNHCRparticipated in a variety of rele-vant fora, such as, the ConflictPrevention and Post-ConflictReconstruction Network (CPR);the Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development/Development Assistance Com-

mittee (OECD/DAC); WSP International (formerlyknown as the Wartorn Societies Project); and theNew Partnership for Africa’s Development(NEPAD). A Working Group on partnership with UNdevelopment actors made recommendations to seniormanagement on UNHCR’s role in the CCA-UNDAFprocess and its participation in the UNDG.

In late 2002, the "4Rs" concept (Repatriation,Reintegration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction)was finalised in partnership with UNDP and theWorld Bank. Its aim is to interweave these four ele-ments and thereby promote durable solutions forrefugees, ensure poverty reduction and create goodlocal governance. Its overarching framework forinstitutional collaboration between UN agenciesand the World Bank allows for maximum flexibilityfor field operations to pursue country-specificapproaches. This initiative is being piloted inAfghanistan, Eritrea, Sierra Leone and Sri Lanka.

The Zambia Initiative has become a model for co-ordination in addressing protracted refugee pro-grammes and poverty reduction for local host com-munities. With the support of UNHCR/UNOPSand selected donor countries, the Government ofZambia took the lead in the harmonisation ofdonor action linking relief and development. Thisinitiative addresses the problems of poverty inrefugee-hosting regions and creates conditions forrefugees to become productive members of theirhost communities, leading to social integration and

Tajikistan: Education is a policy priority to UNHCR. Here, a school was severely damaged during the war, hence some classes had to be held outside. UNHCR

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Sri Lanka: IDP returnees in the Muslim quarter, where nothing escaped the ravages of war. UNHCR / R. Chalasani

thereby contributing to peace, security and stabilityin the region.

In 2002, UNHCR continued its efforts to finddurable solutions for persons of concern to theOffice, in the context of NEPAD and the G8 AfricaAction Plan. Systematic discussions were initiatedwith G8 states in order to translate the peace andsecurity components of both initiatives into con-crete programme interventions.

The Office undertook a stocktaking exercise ofbilateral donor activities in order to maximise thesynergies that result from well-targeted partner-ship agreements with the organisations concerned.The partnership with Japan International Co-operation Agency (JICA) was strengthened as aresult of increased co-ordination of programmingpolicies, the integration of planning processes, andthe staff exchange programme.

In partnership with ILO, a training manual and aguide on micro finance in conflict-affected commu-nities were finalised and a training workshop washeld in Nairobi for UNHCR staff and partner agen-cies. UNHCR and ILO also worked together on a

new programme for the rapid deployment of ILOlivelihood and employment experts to support ini-tiatives linking relief and development.

Based on the revised MOU with WFP, the twoorganisations have initiated discussions on ways tomaximise food security and self-reliance ofrefugees.

In 2002, UNHCR further developed its draft policyon peace building. The pilot “ImagineCoexistence” programmes were completed inBosnia and Herzegovina and Rwanda. Lessonslearnt will be shared with partners and donorswith the aim of promoting durable solutions andworking towards reconciliation in societies emerg-ing from conflict.

Programme support activities

Executive direction and management

Emergency and security management remainedpriorities for UNHCR throughout 2002. The Emer-gency and Security Service (ESS) continued its efforts


to enhance UNHCR’s performance in this sphere.Ongoing large-scale operations, as well as new emer-gency situations, drew significantly on internal andexternal emergency stand-by resources. In 2002,UNHCR and stand-by partners deployed 118 per-sons to 21 countries on an emergency basis (Afghan-istan, Angola, Cambodia, Cameroon, the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia,Eritrea, Guinea, Indonesia, the Islamic Republic ofIran, Jordan, Kenya, Liberia, Malaysia, Nepal,

Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Sudan, andUganda). In addition, 21 deployments were under-taken by ESS emergency response staff worldwide.

UNHCR actively engaged in inter-agency work oncontingency planning, training and providing logis-tical support to emergency operations. Importantinitiatives included UNHCR’s chairmanship of theIASC Task Force on Training, active participationin the IASC Reference Group on Contingency

USA: Workshop on Emergency Management (WEM) / Training in Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina. UNHCR / J. Hegenauer

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Planning, and participation inworkshops related to the activi-ties of the UN Joint LogisticsCentre. In the latter half of theyear, ESS contributed signifi-cantly to the inter-agency con-tingency planning process forthe potential crisis in the MiddleEast.

ESS gave priority to the imple-mentation of improvements instaff safety and security man-agement. The Service developedand promulgated a new UNHCRSecurity Policy. This was part ofits drive to bring safety andsecurity management into themainstream of UNHCR’s organi-sational culture, in particular inoperational planning and man-agement. ESS also developed, inpartnership with the Departmentof International Protection, specific security-related opera-tional guidance for sensitiveindividual refugee cases inurban contexts.

A major challenge in 2002 wasthe introduction and implemen-tation of the Minimum OperatingSecurity Standards (MOSS) aspart of a UN system-wide measure to improve staff safetyand security. During 2002, anestimated 80 per cent of UNHCRoffices in security Phase I andabove did not meet MOSS stan-dards. In 2003, ESS will continueto make efforts to reach a higher

level of compliance and maintenance of MOSSstandards in UNHCR operations. This task willinevitably be complicated by the constantly changingsecurity environment in which UNHCR operates.

During 2002, reporting on security issues was stan-dardised throughout the organisation. Securityclearance procedures were established, based onnew policies introduced by UNSECOORD. Twoworkshops held in Geneva were attended by all

Field Safety Advisors (FSAs). The workshopsaddressed not only technical security management(risk assessment, response to incidents, etc.) butalso protection, planning and resource manage-ment. UNHCR was the first agency to use an inter-active computer-based security-training tool whichhas subsequently been adopted by UNSECOORDfor the entire UN System (to be launched in thefirst quarter of 2003).

During the year, ESS in collaboration with anotherinternational agency, continued to support the FSAfor NGO security in Guinea, a post created in 2001on a pilot basis. The post has proven to be a verygood mechanism for addressing the security needsof UNHCR’s operational partners, and in 2003, ESSwill consider the use of NGO security FSAs else-where.

In 2002, UNHCR launched a related pilot project inGuinea to provide support to communities andgovernments in managing the security of refugeesin camps and settlements. This is in the form of anagreement with the Canadian Government to pro-vide experienced Royal Canadian Mounted Policewith expertise in community policing to build thecapacity of the Guinean authorities.

UNSECOORD retains overall responsibility forsecurity management within the UN System, andUNHCR continues to work closely with UNSECO-ORD at the levels of governance, day-to-day man-agement and system development. To complementthe new resource allocation system for UNSECO-ORD field activities, in early 2002 UNHCRlaunched a supplementary appeal for funds, tocover its contribution to the common security sys-tem. So far, there has been limited response to thatappeal.

Information Technology–Field Support – Pleasesee the ITTS section in the Headquarters chapter

The Management Systems Renewal Project(MSRP) is the successor to the Integrated SystemsProject (ISP). MSRP aims to renew the businessprocesses in the Finance and Supply Chain serviceswhile upgrading the supporting information sys-tems onto a modern Internet-compatible platform.When fully implemented, it is envisaged that theMSRP will replace several disparate, outdated, and

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costly information systems with a single platform.Service levels and reporting ability in the organisa-tion will also be vastly improved through theadoption of industry-standard practices.

The MSRP started in November 2002 as a down-scaled and focused project, designed to delivermeasurable and incremental achievements to bettermanage the systems renewal process. During theyear, the MSRP concentrated on updating systemsat headquarters and developing implementationplans for UNHCR’s field offices in 2004. Approxi-mately USD 1.5 million of the ISP budget was spenton re-designing the project, starting the changemanagement process, selecting a systems integratorand engaging this provider for the start-up inNovember. The provider has worked to the agreedschedule, and within the budget allocated. At thetime of reporting, the project was on track to com-plete Phase 1 by 1 January 2004 without delays oroverspending.

Department of International Protection

Resettlement Field Support: In early 2002, anextensive UNHCR-wide consultation process led tothe development of strategies to enhance and rein-force UNHCR’s resettlement operations, and theestablishment of a senior consultancy on resettle-ment. A consultant joined the Resettlement Sectionof DIP in September 2002 and helped to developthe work plan for strengthening resettlement activ-ities. The work plan focused: on a) gearing mecha-nisms to allow an unbroken transmission of inno-vation from headquarters, where policy is devel-oped, through to the field offices, where it is imple-mented; b) devising strategies, policies, pro-grammes and diplomatic initiatives and followingup on the Global Consultations on InternationalProtection and the Agenda for Protection.

The Annual Tripartite Consultations on Resettle-ment (ATC), held in June 2002, facilitated discus-sions on a number of management and proceduralissues intended to preserve the integrity of theresettlement process and provided an occasion fordebate on resettlement issues and a strengtheningof co-operation among resettlement partners.Eighteen traditional and emerging resettlementcountries attended, including the United Kingdom,as well as 25 NGO representatives. The European

Commission was represented for the first time.Major policy issues were discussed, including cri-teria for determining who needs to be resettled,and several innovative strategies were suggested,involving partnerships with NGOs. The need forearly and effective registration of refugees washighlighted, not least as a means of acceleratingresettlement activities. The discussions culminatedin the revision of a number of chapters of theResettlement Handbook, completed in July 2002.

During 2002, the Resettlement Section dispatchedmissions to the field to assist offices with technicalsupport, training and co-ordination. This assis-tance was provided to UNHCR offices inCameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, India,Nepal, the Russian Federation and the UnitedRepublic of Tanzania. Some 7,000 cases (20,000 per-sons) were resettled during the year – significantlyless than in 2001. This was due, in part, to height-ened security concerns which arose following the terrorist attacks of 11 September, and led torestricted admissions in the USA, a major resettle-ment country.

Division of Operational Support

Support to Health Related Projects – Please seeHIV/AIDS section in this chapter

Support to Operations Management: The Pro-gramme Co-ordination and Operational SupportSection continued to support the implementationof UNHCR’s policies and programmes in 2002.Improvements in the management of operationsand the quality of UNHCR’s programmes werepursued in the form of support for results’-basedmanagement. The following initiatives wereundertaken over the course of the year:

• A participatory planning guide was producedand workshops were organised to strengthenparticipatory planning processes in field offices.

• The Operations Management Learning Pro-gramme (OMLP) was launched in May as themain vehicle for training of programme staff.Over 200 staff members enrolled for the OMLP.

• The guide on the use of objectives, outputs andindicators was revised in March and widelydisseminated to UNHCR staff and implement-ing partners.

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• A substantial review of Chapter 4 of theUNHCR Manual was undertaken. Work-plan-ning formats were made mandatory at the sub-project level in field offices to facilitate moni-toring of programmes.

• The Partnership: An Operations ManagementHandbook for UNHCR’s implementing partnerswas revised and will be distributed in early2003.

• Three Strategic Planning Workshops and fiveBasic Programme Management Training ses-sions were conducted for over 150 staff fromUNHCR and implementing agencies.

Division of Human ResourceManagement

Training of UNHCR Staff – please see Training-Related Projects in this chapter

Division of Financial and SupplyManagement

Supply Chain – please see the Supply andManagement Service in the Headquarters chapter

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Association française de soutien Refugee Children and Adolescents 100,149 100,149 0 0à l’UNHCR (FRA)

Refugee Women 65,907 65,907 0 0

Bermuda Resettlement 5,000 5,000 0 0

Canada Admin. Costs of 3,881 3,881 0 0two Resettlement Experts

Agenda for Protection 18,987 18,987 0 0

Deutsche Stiftung (GFR) Education 118,361 118,361 0 0

Eli Lilly Export S.A. (SWI) Education 16,000 16,000 0 0

Germany Education 1,881,830 1,881,830 0 0

Environment 934,381 934,381 0 0

International Olympic Committee (SWI) Refugee Children and Adolescents 20,000 20,000 0 0

Japan Staff Security / Emergency 500,000 500,000 0 0

“UNHCR Project on Human 0 0 1,139,273 1,139,273Security Commission”

Japan Association for UNHCR (JPN) Refugee Children and Adolescents 105,591 105,591 0 0

Refugee Women 51,801 51,801 0 0

Max Schmidheiny Foundation (SWI) Refugee Children and Adolescents 61,728 61,728 0 0

Norway Nansen Refugee Award 50,000 50,000 0 0

Private Donors Austria Refugee Children and Adolescents 438 438 0 0

Private Donors France Refugee Children and Adolescents 117 117 0 0

Private Donors Greece Refugee Children and Adolescents 23,119 23,119 0 0

Refugee Women 17,419 17,419 0 0

Private Donors Hong Kong SAR, China Refugee Women 5,135 5,135 0 0

Private Donors Islamic Republic of Iran Education 4,110 4,110 0 0

Private Donors Japan Refugee Children and Adolescents 347 347 0 0

Refugee Women 84 84 0 0

Private Donors New Zealand Refugee Children and Adolescents 1,000 1,000 0 0

Private Donors Switzerland Refugee Children and Adolescents 6,191 6,191 0 0

Sweden Global Programmes 2,212,691 2,212,691 0 0

Education 84,428 84,428 0 0

Switzerland Nansen Refugee Award 50,000 50,000 0 0

U K for UNHCR (GBR) Refugee Children and Adolescents 39,595 39,595 0 0

UNF/UNFIP (Ted Turner) (USA) Refugee Children and Adolescents / 372,625 372,625 0 0Refugee Women

Reproductive Health 299,250 299,250 0 0

United States of America Refugee Children and Adolescents 748,500 748,500 0 0

Refugee Women 350,000 350,000 0 0

Environment 350,000 350,000 0 0

Security and Safety 0 0 500,000 500,000

Registration 310,000 310,000 0 0

Emergency and Security Services 1,500,000 1,500,000 0 0

Global Programmes 12,640,000 7,640,000 0 0

Emergency Workshop 165,000 165,000 0 0

ICMC Deployments Project 200,000 200,000 0 0

Total 23,313,665 18,313,665 1,639,273 1,639,273

1 For more information on the various earmarkings, please refer to the Donor Profiles.

Voluntary Contributions – Restricted / Earmarked (USD)

Annual Programme Supplementary Budget and Programme BudgetTrust Funds and Trust Funds

Donor Earmarking 1 Income Contribution Income Contribution

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Policy Priorities

Refugee Women 660,866 0 660,866 469,600 0 469,600

Refugee Children and Adolescents 949,628 0 949,628 742,200 0 742,200

The Environment 1,113,000 0 1,113,000 817,537 0 817,537

Sub-total 2,723,494 0 2,723,494 2,029,337 0 2,029,337

Activities and Projects

Promotion of Refugee Law and Advocacy 709,080 0 709,080 520,753 0 520,753

Resettlement Projects 3,275,000 0 3,275,000 2,950,000 0 2,950,000

Protection-Related Projects / Voluntary Repatriation 1,969,477 220,531 2,190,008 1,456,164 65,000 1,521,164

Evaluation 1,350,000 0 1,350,000 345,000 0 345,000

Health-Related Projects and HIV/AIDS 169,005 0 169,005 90,000 0 90,000

Registration/Project PROFILE 1,498,129 0 1,498,129 325,000 0 325,000

Public Information / Media Projects 1 9,194,200 0 9,194,200 7,113,200 0 7,113,200

Training-Related Projects 1,300,000 0 1,300,000 304,281 0 304,281

Emergency-Related Projects 1,870,000 0 1,870,000 753,454 0 753,454

Education Projects 686,400 0 686,400 678,482 0 678,482

Other 2 1,201,647 1,193,000 2,394,647 1,071,613 1,192,773 2,264,386

Sub-total 23,222,938 1,413,531 24,636,469 15,607,947 1,257,773 16,865,720

Programme Support Activities

Executive Direction and Management

– Emergency Security Service 8,724,259 2,006,750 10,731,009 8,045,121 500,000 8,545,121

– Information Technology – Field Support 3 4,115,444 0 4,115,444 4,115,301 0 4,115,301

– Management Systems Renewal Project 4 2,553,953 0 2,553,953 2,526,564 0 2,526,564

Department of International Protection 0

– Resettlement Field Support 200,000 0 200,000 75,045 0 75,045

Division of Operational Support 0

– Support to Health Related Projects 156,932 0 156,932 152,854 0 152,854

– Support to Operations Management 5 164,000 0 164,000 163,315 0 163,315

Division of Human Resource Management 0

– Training of UNHCR Staff 3,182,941 0 3,182,941 2,532,641 0 2,532,641

– Special Staff Costs including 12,858,000 0 12,858,000 12,857,207 0 12,857,207Voluntary Separation

– Staff Housing 700,000 0 700,000 165,116 0 165,116

Division of Financial and Supply Management 0

– Supply Chain 486,000 0 486,000 485,471 0 485,471

Sub-total 33,141,529 2,006,750 35,148,279 31,118,635 500,000 31,618,635

Total 59,087,961 3,420,281 62,508,242 48,755,919 1,757,773 50,513,692

Budget and Expenditure (USD)

1 Includes Private Sector Fund Raising and Public Awareness Campaign Projects.2 Includes costs for NGOs participating at meetings, provision of short-term consultants for inspections and investigations and other projects of the Inspector General’s

Office, Imagine Co-existence project, short-term consultancies and organisation of workshops, insurance costs and inspection of goods, and non-refugee legal matters,as well as a supplementary trust fund project for the Secretariat for the Commission on Human Security.

3 Includes core systems for financial services, human resources service and Intranet services, as well as information technology services for field operations, such as software development, telecommunications, e-mail, user services, etc.

4 Includes development of core systems for financial services.5 Includes the development of processes and procedures.

Revised Budget Expenditure

Annual Supplementary Annual SupplementaryProgramme Programme Programme Programme

Budget Budget and Budget Budget andand Trust and Trust

Programmes Trust Funds Funds Total Trust Funds Funds Total

global programmes - unhcr

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