Global Overview of European and Turkish Asphalt Industries

Gulay Malkoc

Turkish Asphalt Contractors Association (ASMUD)

European Asphalt Pavement Association (EAPA)

Turkish Asphalt

Contractors Association

(ASMÜD)

Represents Turkish asphalt

industry in Turkey

ASMÜD and EAPA

European Asphalt

Pavement Association

(EAPA)

Represents the European asphalt

paving industry in Brussels.

ASMÜD became member to EAPA in 1999

Introduction:

• Turkish Asphalt Contractors Association : General Coordinator

• European Standardization Committee : Member

• National Mirror Committee of “Bituminous binders” : Chairperson

• European Commission : Independent evaluator

( related with roads- up to 20 Million Euro funding )

• European Asphalt Pavement Association –Brussels : Deputy Director (2010 and 2014)

• EAPA - Health Safety Environment Committee : Chairperson

Presentation includes:

Part 1: Overview Asphalt industries of

Europe & Turkey

Part 2 : Mega projects in Turkey

In the EU:

• Good inland transport : 75% by roads

• Passenger inland transport : 80% by roads

Transport Network – Roads are vital

Part 1: Overview Asphalt industries of

Europe & Turkey

• Total length: 5 million km

• Total value: Over € 8,000 billion

• Contribution of the road sector to the economy:

– Direct: 5 million jobs

– Indirect: 14 million jobs

•Roads are essential elements of European

tradeand personal mobility: AN ASSET

•They should be constructed and kept in a good

condition

European Roads Source: ERF

Total Production of Hot and Warm Mix Asphalt – 264 million ton

Asphalt in Figures in Europe

346 347 338

317 309

324

269 277

264

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total Production of Hot and Warm Mix

Asphalt of European Countries - 2014

Total production in Turkey, approx. 31 million ton

7.2 5.2

2.3

6.4

3.7

1.3

4.7

31.9

39.0

20.6

2.7 3.8

0.3 1.8

22.3

0.6 1.3 0.7

9.0 7.0

16.5

6.4 4.5

1.3 1.5 1.4

14.5

8.5 6.5

30.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Bitumen Consumption-2014, million ton

Total bitumen consumption is 13,5 million ton

Turkey ‘ s: 2,4 million ton

0.37

0.21 0.13

0.3 0.19

0.08

0.27

2.47

1.6

1.28

0.19 0.13

1.25

0.05

0.3 0.35

0.2 0.26

0.08 0.07

0.56 0.45

0.28

2.39

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Production only

Production & Laying

Laying only

>510 >1975 >8287

Number asphalt plants: 4628

Asphalt industry covers not only the companies dealing

with asphalt , but also

• bitumen industry,

• materials and equipment suppliers

Companies in The Asphalt Industry

Urbanisation Limited natural sources for unlimited

expectations

Health hazard Speed in technology

Increase population

Global Problems

#ERFsymposium2014

• Sustainability approach: “cradle to cradle” for all industries

‒ Environmental

‒ Economical / Technical

‒ Social issues

• For asphalt:

• Reliable, greener, safer & smarter

• Human care infrastructure

in Europe

The Aim

• European strategies White paper 2011

• Road Infrastructure safety management

• Towards a Circular Economy

• Review of Tunnel Safety Directive

• Green Public Procurement

• The Environmental Noise Directive

• Construction Product Regulation

• EU-ETS (Emission Trade System)

• Transport research

• Waste Framework Directive

• REACH

• Vision Zero

EU Regulations

Effecting Road Industry

Green Public Procurement-GPP

• EC is working on GPP Criterias for design,

construction and maintenance of roads.

• Roads should be greener / more

sustainable/ more durable

• Environmental impact becoming part of

tenders

• Rolling resistance

• Depletion of natural resources

• Noise emissions

• Durability

• Congestion

New Challanges

Related to GPP

• Innovative solutions to improve performance,

• To use latest technology / innovative products

• To raise the productivity, quality

• To deliver high(er) quality products

• To be rewarded for excellence

• More interest Life Cyle Assessment

The impacts of the GPP…

• Calculation tool to determine the Carbon Footprint

• By using a transparent LCA

• Environmental Product Decleration-EPD

‒ EPD will be included to European standards

CO2e

[Kg/tonne]

Life Cycle Assessment - LCA

– 35,000 people killed

– 1,500,000 injured

• To halve fatalities till 2020

• To decrease fatalities “Zero” by 2050

Another Approach Road Safety:

“Vision Zero”-1

The cost : €130 Bn per year

•Importance of the Road Maintenance for 5 million km

road network

The minimum maintenance required: 1.5% of the value

•Current average maintenance level: < 1% of the value

• If….

•We spend 1 € for road maintenance :

•It prevents up to 15 € in rehabilitation or reconstruction

•Cold mixes are getting important

Another Approach Road Safety:

“Vision Zero”-2

• Identify health effects of the all substances

used in asphalt paving

• What about bitumen and the fumes???

REACH-Registration, Evaluation and

Authorization of Chemical Substances

(EC1907/2006)

• Final report – published in 2013

“NO PROBLEM

BETWEEN BITUMEN FUMES AND

LUNG CANCER IN ASPHALT WORKERS”

..But …recommedation: To lower the fumes to

ctreate a better condition for the workers.

IARC-International Agency for Research

on Cancer

Available Answers from Asphalt Industry

• Improve health conditions of workers

• Reduction of : • Carbon dioxide

• Energy consumption

• Aging of binding reduction

• Time for opening the road

• Flexibility on cold weather application

• Contributed to compaction

•Presented in 2000

•In recent years many techniques are available ..

•However….

1- Warm Mix Asphalt (applied in 100-130°C)

Usage of WMA in EU Countries-2014

Europe: 7,33 Million ton (Total Hot mix 263,7million ton)

USA : 103 Million ton (Total Hot mix 319 million ton)

0.04 0.001 0.2 0.12

4.023

1

0.038 0.007 0.133

0.54

0 0.14

0.7

0.388

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

• Environmental

• Reduction in the new material

usage, CO2 and Energy

consumption • Helping to preserve landfill space

2 - Recycled Asphalt – RAP – 2014

Major Advantages

-

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

Available RAP

RAP usage in HMA & WMA

• Reduces the materials used

• Save energy

• Reduce the CO2

3-Thin Layers-Ultra Thin Asphalt

Concrete-BBTM

Total BBTM in 2014

1 Million ton

0.13

0.023 0.026 0.008

0.158

0.624

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Belgium Croatia Czech Republic Hungary Romania Spain

28

• REMOVES WATER AND SPRAY

• Prevents excessive rains flood Safety

4- Porous Asphalt

Porous asphalt : 3,4 million ton in 2014

0.026 0.006 0.01 0.001

3.122

0.004 0.081 0.007 0.004

0.098

0

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.1

2.4

2.7

3

Belgium CzechRepublic

Denmark Estonia Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Slovenia Spain Switzerland

millio

n t

on

• LLA’s are designed and build > 50 years

• Saving material and the energy, reduce CO2 ,

• no need to maintenance of surface layer

5-Long-Life Pavements (Perpetual Pavements)

Total SMA = 11,84 million ton

Surface Course with SMA - 2014

0.11

0.69

0.09

0.33

0.56

0.09

0.61

3.90

0.14 0.02

0.22 0.11

0.90

0.56

0.23 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.04

2.13

0.13

0.77

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

millio

n t

on

Surface Course with Mastic Asphalt - 2014

Total Mastic Asphalt = 710.000 ton

0.0072 0.0260

0.0448

0.0001 0.0235 0.0191

0.3900

0.0038

0.0650

0.0004

0.1300

0.0000

0.0500

0.1000

0.1500

0.2000

0.2500

0.3000

0.3500

0.4000

0.4500

mil

lio

n t

on

Total Soft Asphalt = 3,30 million ton

Surface Course with Soft Asphalt - 2014

0.61 0.56

2.13

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

Finland Norway Sweden

millio

n t

on

Opportunities of Asphalt Industry to Sustainability

Warm mix application (30-40 ° C)

• Low energy consumption (≈30%) /Carbon dioxide reduction

• The aging of binding reduction

• Shorten the time for opening the road

• Flexibility on Cold weather application

• Contributed to compaction

• Positive effects on the health of workers

Long-Life Pavements

• Intended life: 50 years /Material consumption for long term

• Reduction in the energy

Porous open-graded asphalt mixes • Prevents the disadvantages caused by the excessive rains flood

• The safety of drivers

Recycled asphalt (RAP) • New material usage and CO2 reduction

• Energy saving

Thin layers • Reduces the materials used

• Save energy and reduce the CO2

Reduction/ the use of secondary

waste material

• Crumb rubber

• Steel slag

• Glass

• Roofing shingles

Use of environmentally friendly

materials & techniques

• Bio –bindersAir- Soil- effects to be considered

For human welfare • Noise reduction

• Traffic Safety

• Respect for and protection of nature and landscape

• Employees health

Part 2 : Mega projects in Turkey

• 800.000 sqkm

• Population 74 million

• Locates three continents meet:

Asia, Africa & Europe

• Penetrates : Middle East, Central Asia and Russia

• Important passing channel combining international trade

links

So, we need to grow “transport facilities”

About Turkey

Highways Network

Road Types Asphalt

Concrete

Surface

Treatment

Stone

Block

Stabilized Earth Primitive Total

Length

Motorways 2.289 2.289

State

Highways

14.393 16.399 71 45 17 288 31.213

Provincial

Roads

2.702 27.327 191 699 614 1.532 33.065

Total 19.384 43.726 262 744 631 1.820 66.567

Road Network According to Surface Types (km) 01.01.2016

Year Hot-Mix Asphalt

Million ton

Surface

Dressing

km2

Cold–Mix

Asphalt

Million ton

Bitumen

consumption

Million ton

Motorways,

Highways

2011 29,4 172.2 0,51 1,63

2012 22,5 168,5 0,96 1,42

2013 24,4 158,0 0,45 1,56

2014 17,6 154,0 0,39 1,32

2015 17,5 140,9 0,26 1,33

Urban roads 2011 13,6 5,6 0,02 0,67

2012 15,6 10,6 0,16 0,61

2013 21,1 7,2 0,04 0,93

2014 12,5 2,7 0,15 0,75

2015 19,1 2,7 0,15 0,75

Rural roads 2010 0,20 86 0,52 0,23

2011 0,46 99,4 0,49 0,29

2012 0,27 79,6 0,70 0,14

2013 0,71 51,1 0,56 0,33

2014 0,82 47,1 0,41 0,32

Total 2010 35,3 297 2,37 2,37

2011 43,5 277 1,02 2,59

2012 38,3 258,7 1,82 2,81

2013 46,2 216,3 1,05 2,82

2014 30,9 203,8 0,95 2,39

Asphalt in Figures in Turkey

Companies

Production & Laying 257

Production only 11

Laying only ~ 100

Distribution and number of plants in asphalt industry, 2015

Companies and Plants

Capacity, t/h Rural

Services Municipalities K.G.M. Military

ASMÜD

Members

Other

Firms Total

x ≥ 240 9 - 57 117 183

240 >x ≥ 160 1 6 - 89 148 244

160 >x ≥ 100 13 29 13 6 13 52 126

x < 100 45 32 105 - 6 14 202

Toplam 59 76 118 6 165 331 755

Length of highways are NOT enough for roads

Total road network : 66.567 km. Dual carriage way : 24.280 km.(was 6.101 km in 2003) Motorways : 2.289 km.(was 1.754 km in 2003)

Current Road Network of Turkey

• To construct and improve Main Corridors which

connect Europe to Caucasus & Central Asia

• To utulise PPP’s without causing public burden

– For “world scale” motorway projects

– With “BOT Model “

Government Targets for 2023 and 2035

Gebze-Orhangazi-İzmir Motorway

(Including İzmit Bay Crossing and Connecting Roads)

–Investment Cost: US $ 6.3 Billion

3rd Bosphorus Bridge Project (inc. Northern Marmara Motorway)

(Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge)

–Investment Cost: US $ 2.5 Billion

• Dual carriage way roads

From 24.280 km to 37.000 km till 2023

• Motorways

From 2.289 km

– To 5.550 km till 2023

– To 9.680 km till 2035

• Total investment =~ 50 Billion USD

2023 and 2035 targets

for the roads…

Motorways in service

Projects started

Projects planned

Projects to be Finalized by 2023

Estimated cost in TOTAL: US $ 47 Billion

Motorways in service

Projects started

Projects to be Finalized by 2035

Projects to be finalized by 2023

Projects to be finalized by 2035

• Every country has his own habits and approaches.

• But we all live in one world :The global

approaches are the same.

• Regardless wherever the countries are located,

these approaches are effecting our industry

• For our future works, we need each other, by

working together and learning from each other

– Not only to create a better industry ,

– But also to have a better world for the future ….

Conclusion

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION…!

www.asmud.org.tr

www.eapa.org