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Global Landslide/Flood… Tagging

Open GeoSocial API

Empowers People to Quickly Discover, Share and

Mimic to Turn [Earth Science Data] Products Into

[Societal] Actionable Information.Dr. Dalia KirschbaumPat Cappelaere

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As A [Disadvantaged] End-User

• I want to know about landslide events in my area of interest (or forecast…)

• I want to share those events with my friends• My friends can then get those events

themselves and find more about them… on the web… no special tools required.

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Geo-Social Sharing Of Science Data

TwitterFacebook

Example:

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Sharing of Landslides on GitHubExample:

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How Did We Make This Happen?

• Distribution Format– GeoJSON, TopoJSON (very very compact)

• Proper Product Tagging– THIS IS HARD!

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Several Tag Layers

• Science Tags• Geonames Tags• GitHub Tags• GeoSocial Tags– Twitter Cards– Facebook Open Graph Tags– … Google Knowledge Graph…

We Need Your Help

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A few words on landslides and tagging this event (science perspective)…

• Landslides (mass movements of all types) are primarily triggered by rainfall, but can also be triggered by earthquakes, freeze/thaw processes, and human activity (among others)

• Landslides are usually small scale processes but can also be catastrophic (Oso, Washington)

• Therefore, characterizing the range of landslide sizes, types and triggering factors is impossible to accomplish by one group/agency

http://www.topnews.in

India, Aug 2012

www.aegweb.org

Oso, Washington, March 2014

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Global Landslide Catalog (2007-2013+)

• 5,700+ events from over 110 countries

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Global Landslide CatalogCataloging effort Information included

• Database of rainfall-triggered landslides reported in the media, online disaster databases, and personal communication

• Manual search of online sources for landslide information (Google Alerts and other search products)

• Compile information in database

• Display results on web interface (in development)

• Date• Coordinates• Country• Nearest geographic Place• Hazard Type (landslide, debris flow,

rock avalanche, etc.)• Trigger (Rain, Tropical Cyclone, etc.)• Fatalities and impacts• Location accuracy (exact location,

known within 1 km, known within 5 km, etc.)

• Landslide size (small, medium, large, catastrophic)

• Source

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Tagging strategy

• Based on GLC archive, develop a list of defining characteristics for landslide hazards (all types) based on available fields

• Send list to several landslide experts for comment

• Create first version in online database• Revise based on user feedback (if needed)

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What is realistic in tagging?

Realistic• Date• Location (nominal, latitude-

longitude)• Fatalities

More challenging• Trigger type• Movement type• Confidence in location• Other impacts (injuries,

houses affected, roads affected)

• Situation of the landslide (occurred along a road, near river, burned area, etc.)

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Ex. 1 Landslide typesLandslide The movement of a mass of rock, debris or earth down a slope

Mudslide Movement of mud and sometimes debris with high water content

Debris_FlowRapid movement of loose soil, rock, debris, air and water that flows down a slope, tends to be shallow

RockfallAbrupt movement of masses of rocks and boulders that become detached from steep slopes or cliffs

EarthflowEarthflows have fine-grained materials saturated with water that flow down a slope, often forming an hourglass shape.

Translational_Slide Rock and debris that moves along a consistent surface with little rotation or backward tilting

Snow_Avalanche A rapid movement of snow or rock down a slope.

Lahar Mudslide or debris flow that flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley.

ComplexCombination of two more types of movement and materials during the event. Please describe types, if known, in Comments section

Riverbank_collapse Collapse of a river or stream embankment

Creep Very slow moving soil, earth or other debris down a slope

Other If landslide type is not included here, please specify type in the comments section.

Unknown Type of landslide unknown

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Ex. 2 Triggers

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQvNm-Swdb8

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Trigger tags, cont’dRain General Category to specify events triggered by rainfall

Downpour Short, heavy rainfall event usually lasting less than 12 hours

Continuous rain Light, moderate or heavy rain falling continuously over time, usually more than 1 day

Tropical Cyclone Event was triggered by a tropical cyclone, hurricane, typhoon, tropical storm or depression.

Monsoon Event was triggered by rain resulting from a monsoon episode

Mining digging Event occurred where there was mining or digging in the area or as a direct result of mining or digging

Construction Event occurred where there was construction in the area or as a direct result of construction.

Earthquake Event was triggered by an earthquake or occurred in the area nearby a recent earthquake

Flooding Event was triggered by flooding or flash flooding Volcano Event was triggered by a volcanic eruption.

Freeze thaw Event was triggered by the freezing and thawing of soil or rock.Snowfall snowmelt Event triggered by falling snow or melting snow

Dam or Embankment Collapse Event triggered as a result of a dam breech or embankment collapse. This may also include retaining wall collapse.

No Apparent Trigger This category is to indicate that although the event may have been closely monitored or observed, there is no clear or apparent trigger for the reported event.

Unknown Event trigger is unknown or there is not enough information to determine a cause

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General users vs. science audience

General Users want to know…• When and where the

landslide happened?• Who was affected?• Are there any pictures?

Science audience wants to know…• When and where the landslide

happened• How it was triggered (rain,

earthquake, snow)• What type of event was it?• What was happening in the area

(e.g. burned areas, stream, construction)

• Citation for the event• Other key defining characteristics

– Accuracy of location– Approximate size– Additional information (landslide

dimensions, etc.)

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IDDateTimeCountryNearest_PlacesHazard_TypeLandslide_TypeTriggerStorm NameFatalitiesInjuriesSource_NameSource_LinkCommentsLocation_DescriptionLocation_AccuracyLandslide SizePhotos_LinkCat_srcCat_idLatitudeLongitude

GEO

So Here Are Our Science Tags… Layer 1

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Problem #1

• If users are to participate and contribute landslide events (crowd-sourcing…)

• You have a problem– Country Name?• US, USA, United States, Etats-Unis, America…

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Here Comes GeoNames

Automatically Acquired from Latitude, LongitudeUsed to standardize geo places… support queries and organize the data in /continentcode/countrycode/year

www.geonames.orgLat,Lng

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Problem #2

• If people are going to modify the data… we need some version control tags…

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Github Version Control Tags

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Story Telling To Distribute Information

• If you want to have users discover your science products using story telling and sharing on social networks, you need a few more tags…

African Drums Telling Stories toDistribute Information RapidlyIn The Jungle…

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GeoSocial Tags

Twitter Support

Facebook

HTML Page

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GEOSS Namespace?

<meta property="og:type" content="ojo-nasa:geoss_product" /><meta property="og:title" content="geoss.landslide" />

ApplicationNamespace

GEOSSProduct

Product Name

It Would Be Nice To Agree On Namespace, Product Names To Allow For Queries Of Standard Products Of GEOSS Interest

Other products could be: flood, surface_water, floodmaps, burnscar, hotpixels, earthquake…

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Action Items

• Should We Use a GEOSS Namespace?• What Are Our Product Names ?• Who Will Register Them?– AIP7 GEOSS GCI Catalog?– NASA GCMD Catalog?

• Can We Start Sharing More Products?

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Thank You

• Dr. Dalia Bach KirschbaumResearch Physical ScientistHydrological Sciences LaboratoryGoddard Space Flight Center, Code 617Building 33, Room G222Greenbelt, MD 20771Phone: 301-614-5810 Fax: 301-614-5808Email: dalia.b.kirschbaum@nasa.gov

• Pat Cappelaere410 340 4868pat@cappelaere.com