global history—wednesday december 11, 2008 chapter 25—the industrial revolution (pages 630-653)...
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Global History—Wednesday December 11, 2008 Chapter 25—The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (pages 630-653)
Topic: The Beginning of Industrialization Aim Question:How can we explain the beginnings of the industrial revolution in England and what were the key inventions?Objective:-Understand the start of industrialization -Analyze the causes of the industrial revolution-Examine the inventions of industrialization Agenda:-Attendance -Announcements; letters home with Rowley & Ravner -Review: Industrialization, definition, and facts-Lesson on the industrial revolution: Notes & Slides (20 min)
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Industrial Revolution Begins
• Agricultural Revolution:
- Enclosures
- Crop Rotations
• Britain’s Advantages:
- well, lets take a look at this topic…
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“Enclosed” Lands Today“Enclosed” Lands Today
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What would be business opportunities based on this
map?
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Industrial Revolution Begins in England (a.k.a. Britain, The U.K., Great Britain or United Kingdom)
Why did industrialization begin in England?
1. Large population of workers2. Small island had MANY natural resources• Water power • Coal• Iron• Rivers• Harbors (because it is an island)
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In Addition, England also had…
• Large middle class (people with money to invest in new companies)
• Highly developed banking system to give loans to entrepreneurs
• Political stability (although there were many wars in Europe between 1650-1800,none took place in English soil)
• Had all factors of production on the island
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What are “factors of production”?
LAND
LABOR
MONEY (wealth)
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LANDIncludes natural resources, rivers,
harbors, and ocean access
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LABOREngland is small but has large population
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MONEY (WEALTH)
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Major Inventions
Steam power
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James Hargreaves’ “Spinning Jenny” (1765)
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Spinning Jenny
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James Watt’s Steam Engine (1790’s)
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Significance of the Steam Engine• Requires a
specialized facility for its use near a ready source of coal
• Changed the location of factories, freeing the factory to be located in the most economical location
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Steam engine locomotive
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The “Crowning” Invention: The Railroad
• The world’s first railway line ran from Manchester to Liverpool
• The first locomotive = The “Rocket” (1830)
• Revolution in land transportation = dropping prices
• Laborers shift to the city and factories
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The Impact of the RailroadThe Impact of the Railroad
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Steam boat
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James Watt First reliable Steam Engine
Eli Whitney Cotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for muskets
Robert Fulton Regular Steamboat service on the Hudson River
Samuel F. B. Morse
Telegraph
Elias Howe Sewing Machine
Isaac Singer Improves and markets Howe's Sewing Machine
Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable
Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone
Thomas Edison Phonograph, Incandescant Light Bulb
Nikola Tesla Induction Electric Motor
Rudolf Diesel Diesel Engine
Orville and Wilbur Wright
First Airplane
Henry Ford Model T Ford, Assembly Line