Global History—Tuesday March 2, 2010Chapter 29 (Page 741) “World War One”

Topic: WW I BeginsAim Question:Once the war began how and where was it waged?Objective: -Understand causes of the war-Analyze alliances-Knowing how the assassination sparked the war

Agenda:-Attendance -Announcements-Quiz-Notes/Lecture

Reviewing the Balkans 1. Who was assassinated in Serbia on June of 1914?

2. What happened when Serbia ignored ultimatum from Austria-Hungary?

The Alliance System Collapses

Pre-War Alliances

Triple Alliance–Germany–Austria-Hungary –Italy

Triple Entente –England–France–Russia

War Alliances

Central Powers– Germany– Austria-Hungary– Ottoman Emprire

Allied Powers

- England- France- Russia

World War IWorld War IWorld War IWorld War I

Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central Central PowersPowers::Central Central PowersPowers::Great Britain

France

Russia

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Ottoman Empire

Who are the leaders of the new alliances?

CENTRAL POWERS

Germany = Kaiser Wilhelm IIAustria-Hungary = King Franz Joseph I

ALLIED POWERS

England = Prime Minister Herbert Asquith

Russia = Czar Nicholas IIFrance = President George

Clemenceau

THE WAR BEGINS

JULY 28Austria declares war on

Serbia

AUGUST 1Germany declared war

on Russia

AUGUST 3Germany declared war

on France

AUGUST 4British declaration of war

On Germany

AUGUST 5France declares war

on Germany

AUGUST 6 Austria-Hungary

declares war on Russia.

Germany prepared for Schlieffen PlanGeneral Alfred Von Schlieffen: If two front war, Germany would attack France thru Belgium—then swing around & attack Russia!!!

SCHLIEFFEN PLAN = FailureA Bloody Stalemate Along Western Front

Western Front & Trench Warfare

• Trench Warfare: soldiers doing most fighting from hand dug holes lined together forming “trenches”

• Used for Defensive Purposes (1,200 miles)

• Each side, France & Germany, created trenches

• The middle ground called “no-man’s land”

No Man’s LandFRENCH LINE

FRENCH LINE

GERMAN LINE

GERMAN LINE

NO MAN’S LAND

Eastern Front Russia & Germany

• The eastern front was also fought with trench warfare

• War between Germany &Russia

• Germany now fighting on two sides; two fronts

Trench life a living hell“The shells rained down on our

trenches. Then our trench would disappear, filled with exploding earth, the air became unbreathable. We were blinded, wounded, crawling, crying, and shouting as the dead soldiers fell atop us splashing us with their blood.”

Horrors of Trench Warfare

(1915) French Soldiers;50 Yards Away from

German Trenches

(1917) Western FrontGerman Trench

1917, Eastern Front

Russian troops await orders in the summer

(1916) English TrenchNotice the men sleeping

Many of the dead Were left in the

Trenches becauseIt was too dangerous To dispose of them!

Russian soldiers on the Eastern front caught on barbwire in “no mans land”

No Man’s LandWestern Front

1915

German scoutShot while

On duty

“NO MAN’S LAND”, FRANCE 1917

Quote from French Soldier about life in the trenches…

“The men slept in mud trenches; washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed of mud.”

(1917) French trench

Notice sleeping quarters& the washing of clothes

Trenches often would fill up with rain water.

This would leave the soldiers Vulnerable to “trench foot”

French troops on the WesternFront pumping rain water out of trench

Trench foot is caused by prolonged exposure of the feet to damp, unsanitary and cold conditions.

The Soldiers would live in theTrenches for almost one year!

The “reserve trenches” were forRest and relaxation. They were in the very

Rear of the trench system.This is where the military leaders

Would stay and plan attacks.

Notice that there is more thanJust the one trench, there

Are multiple trenches used