global history and geography ii summer, 2014 package...
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GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY II
SUMMER, 2014 PACKAGE Name: _______________________ Family: __________ Date: ____ Print your name and the name of your family on the lines above. This package has two parts. You are to answer all questions in all parts. Use black or dark-blue ink to write your answers. Part I contains 40 multiple-‐choice questions. Record your answers to these questions on the separate answer sheet. Package is due on the first day of school. Part II is based on several documents: Part IIA contains the documents. Each document is followed by one or more questions. In the booklet, write your answer to each question on the lines following that question. Part IIB contains one essay question based on the documents. Write your answer to this question on the separate piece of paper.
Part I
Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1–40): For each statement or question, write on the separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. 1 Which example best represents a primary source? (1) A 20th-‐century novel about events leading up to the French Revolution (2) Film footage taken during the liberation of Nazi concentration camps (3) An interview with an expert on the fall of the Roman Empire (4) A lecture on the impact of the African slave trade on South America 2 One similarity between the Gupta Empire and the Arab dynasties of the Islamic Golden Age is that they (1) Made advances in mathematics and literature (2) Gained wealth by obtaining gold from the Americas (3) Stressed the importance of dharma and karma (4) Controlled territories around the Mediterranean seacoast 3 • Cyrillic alphabet adopted for use in Russia. • Russians accepted the teachings of the Orthodox Christian Church. • Onion-‐shaped domes dotted the skyline of Kievan Russia. Which term is most closely associated with these statements? (1) Ethnocentrism (3) cultural diffusion (2) Interdependence (4) colonialism 4 What is a primary characteristic of a feudal society?
(1) A representative government (2) Economic equality for all (3) Protection of individual rights (4) An exchange of land for services 5 “. . . (It) brought the potato, the pineapple, the turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolias, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. On the other hand, tens of millions died in the pandemics of the 16th century, victims of smallpox, measles and the other diseases brought by Europeans (and don’t forget that the African slave trade was begun by the Europeans, to replace the work force they had decimated).”. . . — Michael Wood, BBC History (Adapted) Which historical development is being described in this quotation? (1) Establishment of the line of Demarcation (2) Creation of the Hanseatic League (3) Columbian exchange (4) Glorious Revolution 6 The social class system in Latin America during the 16th and 17th centuries reflects the (1) Dominance of Spanish-‐born nobility (Peninsulares) (2) Emerging equality between classes (3) Influence of mestizo economic power (4) Increasing social mobility of Native American Indians 7 • The Ming emperor banned the building of large oceangoing ships in 1433. • The Tokugawa shogun issued the Act of Seclusion in 1636. One way in which these historical occurrences are similar is that both led to increased (1) Social mobility (3) cultural diffusion (2) Globalization (4) isolation 8. • Spain mines silver in the Americas. • The Dutch establish a colony in Southeast Asia. • The English East India Company controls tea plantations in India. Which policy is most closely associated with these events? (1) Pacifism (3) Nonalignment (2) Mercantilism (4) Containment 9 As a result of discrimination during the 19th century, where were many Jews in Eastern Europe forced to live? (1) On collective farms (3) In urban ghettos (2) In fortified villages (4) In industrial areas
10 Which form of government is best characterized by one-‐party rule, censorship, and the use of terror to maintain power? (1) Feudal (2) Limited monarchy (3) Parliamentary democracy (4) Totalitarian 11 The development of the concept of zero, the use of a decimal system, and the Buddhist cave paintings at Ajanta are all achievements of the (1) Inca Empire (2) Gupta Empire (3) Roman Republic (4) Kingdom of Songhai 12 What was the most important force in providing unity and stability throughout Western Europe during the Middle Ages? (1) Church (3) inquisition (2) Nobility (4) military Base your answer to question 13 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . As early as the struggle for the steppe he had spread the claim that Heaven had destined him as ruler; members of Mongol trading caravans spread stories intended to cause panic among the local populace; forged letters were fed to Sultan Muhammad which strengthened his mistrust of his Turkic units; freedom of religion was proclaimed; those who offered no resistance were promised that life and property would be spared; terrible destruction was threatened in the event of resistance; bloody examples were designed to spread fear and reduce the populace’s will to resist. . . . — Paul Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, Blackwell Publishing 13 According to this passage, which Mongol practice contributed greatly to their success? (1) Nomadic lifestyle (2) Superior horsemanship (3) Psychological warfare (4) Religious conversion 14 A major impact of the Columbian exchange on Western Europe was the introduction of (1) Christianity that led to the rise of the Catholic Church (2) New food crops that improved the European diet
(3) New military technology that weakened local rulers (4) Diseases that drastically reduced the population of Europe Base your answer to question 15 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . I conclude, therefore, with regard to being feared and loved, that men love at their own free will, but fear at the will of the prince, and that a wise prince must rely on what is in his power and not on what is in the power of others, and he must only contrive to avoid incurring hatred, as has been explained. . . . 15 This passage is most closely associated with the ideas of (1) Pope Urban II (3) John Calvin (2) Niccolò Machiavelli (4) Thomas Malthus 16. What was one goal of mercantilism? (1) Removal of trade barriers (2) Elimination of private property (3) Establishment of subsistence agriculture (4) Creation of a favorable balance of trade 17. In England, which circumstance was a result of the other three? (1) Availability of labor (2) Abundance of coal and iron (3) Waterpower from many rivers (4) Start of the Industrial Revolution 18 According to John Locke, the chief role of government was to (1) Protect natural rights (2) Fight territorial wars (3) Ensure the wealth of citizens (4) Redistribute land 19 Porfirio Díaz, Francisco “Pancho” Villa, and Emiliano Zapata are all associated with the Revolution in (1) Haiti (3) Bolivia (2) Mexico (4) Nicaragua 20“‘We Blew It’: Nike Admits to Mistakes over Child Labor” “UN Envoy Makes Plea for War on Global Poverty” “International Literacy Decade Targets Women” Which concern do these 21st-‐century headlines address? (1) Higher education issues (2) Social and economic issues (3) Cultural literacy
(4) Individual responsibility 21Which problem faces many of the least developed nations today? (1) Too many varieties of crops are being grown. (2) An excess of investment capital is available. (3) High rates of illiteracy are limiting economic development. (4) A high-‐calorie diet is causing obesity. 22What was a direct result of the Opium War in 19th-‐century China? (1) Japan gained control of Hong Kong. (2) Kublai Khan rose to power in China. (3) Chinese ports were opened for trade with European powers. (4) Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-‐shek) fled to Taiwan. 23 Base your answer to question 23 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies
Which letter identifies the nation most closely associated with Mohandas Gandhi? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D 24Which cause-‐and-‐effect relationship is accurate? (1) The Russian Revolution led to an absolute monarchy. (2) Enlightenment thoughts led to manorialism. (3) The Black Plague led to labor shortages. (4) The Commercial Revolution led to the creation of traditional economies.
25One contribution of ancient Roman culture was the development of (1) The concept of zero (2) The process of making silk (3) A republican form of government (4) The printing press 26Base your answer to question 26 on the chart below and on your knowledge of social studies FOREIGN COINS OF ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL TIMES FOUND IN EAST AFRICAN CITY-STATES
Source: G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville, “East African Coin Finds and Their Historical Significance,” Journal of African History (adapted) Which generalization is best supported by the data from this chart?
(1) Bantu migrations influenced the distribution of East African coins. (2) Chinese coins were found in East African city-‐states. (3) East African city-‐states traded directly with Northern Europe. (4) Romans controlled trade with East Africa. 27“A Jewish State Is Created” “Six-Day War Results in Major Arab Losses” “Withdrawal Begins from West Bank” Which situation is referred to in these headlines? (1) Persian Gulf War (2) Scramble for Africa (3) Conflict between Israelis and Palestinians (4) Collapse of the Ottoman Empire 28The Neolithic Revolution is considered a turning point in history because it (1) Influenced climatic changes (2) Included the domestication of plants and animals (3) Encouraged a nomadic lifestyle (4) Caused a decline in population 29The encomienda system in colonial Latin America led to the (1) Use of forced labor (2) Establishment of trade unions (3) Increase in landownership by Native Americans (4) Weakening of the power of peninsulares 30The journeys of Vasco da Gama, Bartholomeu Dias, and Christopher Columbus became possible in the late 1400s because of the (1) Support of exploration by the English government (2) Trade connections established by Ibn Battuta (3) Effects of the Atlantic slave trade (4) Development of new navigational instruments and technology 31Which statement demonstrates a major characteristic of mercantilism in colonial Latin America? (1) Colonies developed local industries to compete with Spain. (2) Spanish colonies traded freely with English colonies. (3) Spain instituted democratic governments in its colonies. (4) Colonies were a source of raw materials for Spain. 32 Which statement about railroad systems in the 19th and early 20th centuries is accurate? (1) Imperialists rejected the use of railroads in their colonies. (2) European governments opposed the development of railroads. (3) Railroads helped promote the factory system and urbanization. (4) Railroads made transportation of goods less efficient. 33 Simón Bolívar, José de San Martin, and Toussaint l’Ouverture are best known as
(1) Scientists who supported the heliocentric theory (2) Leaders of Latin American independence movements (3) Early Spanish explorers of the New World (4) Communist leaders of the 19th century Base your answer to question 34 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Source: Mike Thompson, Detroit Free Press for USA Today, May 28, 2002 34 What is the main idea of this 2002 cartoon? (1) The technology of the Cold War now threatens peace in Asia. (2) The risk of nuclear conflict has been eliminated. (3) Nuclear power presents a possible solution to energy shortages in southern Asia. (4) Mediation has lessened tensions between India and Pakistan. 35Which action is most closely associated with polytheism? (1) Praying in a synagogue (2) Accepting the Eightfold Path (3) Worshipping many gods (4) Reading the Koran 36 The journeys of Vasco da Gama, Bartholomeu Dias, and Christopher Columbus became possible in the late 1400s because of the (1) Support of exploration by the English government (2) Trade connections established by Ibn Battuta (3) Effects of the Atlantic slave trade (4) Development of new navigational instruments and technology
37 Which statement demonstrates a major characteristic of mercantilism in colonial Latin America? (1) Colonies developed local industries to compete with Spain. (2) Spanish colonies traded freely with English colonies. (3) Spain instituted democratic governments in its colonies. (4) Colonies were a source of raw materials for Spain. 38 The Gupta Empire was best known for its (1) Advances in mathematics and medicine (2) Efforts to resist European imperialism (3) Development of the barter system (4) Construction of Angkor Wat 39 A direct result of the Neolithic Revolution is that people (1) Began living in permanent settlements (2) Developed a nomadic way of life (3) Depended on hunting and gathering (4) Used crop rotation to increase agricultural output 40 What was a significant effect of the Columbian exchange? (1) The Aztec conquered a vast empire. (2) Potatoes were introduced into the diet of some Europeans. (3) Prince Henry the Navigator established a school for sailors. (4) China closed its borders to foreigners.
DOCUMENT-‐BASED QUESTION This question is based on the accompanying documents. The question is designed to test your ability to work with historical documents. Some of these documents have been edited for the purposes of this question. As you analyze the documents, take into account the source of each document and any point of view that may be presented in the document. Historical Context: Throughout history, the usage and control of waterways such as rivers, canals, straits, and seas have had economic and political effects on many societies. Task: Using the information from the documents and your knowledge of global history, answer the questions that follow each document in Part A. Your answers to the questions will help you write the Part B essay in which you will be asked to
In developing your answers to Part II, be sure to keep this general definition in mind: discuss means “to make observations about something using facts, reasoning, and argument; to present in some detail”
Part A Short-‐Answer Questions Directions: Analyze the documents and answer the short-‐answer questions that follow each document in the space provided. Document 1 Hymn to the Nile ca. 2100 B.C
Source: Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources, University Research Extension Co. (adapted) 1 Based on this poem, identify two ways the Nile River influenced the economic development of Egypt. [2]
Document 2
2 Based on this graphic organizer, identify two river systems in Asia, and for each, state one effect of that river system on society. [2]
Document 3
Source: Les Rowntree et al., Diversity Amid Globalization, Prentice Hall, 2003 (adapted) 3 According to the authors of Diversity Amid Globalization, what is one way that water resource issues have increased tension between countries? [1]
Document 4