global engineering challenges
TRANSCRIPT
The Pennsylvania State UniversitySchool of Engineering Design, Technology, and Professional Programs
Ivan E. Esparragoza, PhD
Global Engineering Design
Session 3GLOBAL ENGINEERING CHALLENGES
Outline
Engineering a Transformation Agent
21st Century Challenge
US Grand Challenges for Engineering
What is Engineering?
According to its function:
IDEAS
RE
ALI
TIE
S
What is Engineering?
Engineering is constantly transforming the world
What is Engineering?
Engineering is constantly transforming the world
576 songs in 195 Kg
15,000 songs in 156 grs
What is Engineering?
Engineering is constantly transforming the world
1,700 words per
hour
Thousand of documents
per hour
What is Engineering?
Engineering is constantly transforming the world
Ford First Car “The Quadricycle”1896
Ford Mustang 2010
What is Engineering?
Engineering is constantly transforming the world
What is Engineering?
Engineering is constantly transforming the world
Motorola Cell Phone 1983
$3,500
I-Phone2012$199
Great Engineering Achievements1. Electrification 11. Highways
2. Automobile 12. Spacecraft
3. Airplane 13. Internet
4. Water Supply and Distribution
14. Imaging
5. Electronics 15. Household Appliances
6. Radio and Television 16. Health Technologies
7. Agricultural Mechanization 17. Petroleum andPetrochemical Technologies
8. Computers 18. Laser and Fiber Optics
9. Telephone 19. Nuclear technologies
10. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
20. High-performance Materials
The internet Cell phone Personal computers Fiber optics E-mail GPS Portable computer CD’s Digital camera Micro-Electrical-Mechanical
Systems (MEMS) DNA fingerprinting
Air bags ATM Advanced batteries Hybrid cars Organic Light Emitting Diodes
(OLEDs) Display panel HDTV Space shuttle Nanotechnology Flash memory Voice mail
Period of intense change. None of the following existed as recently as 1980
21st Century Challenges
Population Water Food Energy Health Environment Terrorism/Conflict Climate change Biodiversity Wellbeing Sustainability
Source: Sir David King, Chief Scientific Adviser to UK Government, World Bank, 11 July 2007
National Grand Challenges
Make solar energy economical
Manage the nitrogen cycle
Advance health informatics
Prevent nuclear terror
Advance personalized learning
Provide energy from fusion
Provide access to clean water
Engineer better medicines
Secure cyberspace
Engineering the tools of scientific discovery
Develop carbon sequestration methods
Restore and improve urban infrastructure
Reverse-engineer the brain
Enhance virtual reality
The National Academy of Engineering identified 14 engineering grand challenges:
Make solar energy economical: Solar energy provides less than 1% of the world’s total energy, but it has the potential to provide much, much more.
Manage the nitrogen cycle: Engineers can help restore balance to the nitrogen cycle with better fertilization technologies and by capturing and recycling waste.
Advance health informatics: Stronger health information systems not only improve everyday medical visits, but they are essential to counter pandemic and biological or chemical attacks.
Prevent nuclear terror: The need for technologies to prevent and respond to a nuclear attack is growing.
Advance personalized learning: Instruction can be individualized based on learning styles, speed and interests to make learning more reliable.
National Grand Challenges
Provide energy from fusion: Human engineered fusion has been demonstrated on a small scale. The challenge is to scale up the process to commercial proportions, in an efficient, economical, and environmentally benign way.
Provide access to clean water: The world’s water supplies are facing new threats; affordable, advance technologies could make a difference for millions of people around the world.
Engineer better medicines: Engineers are developing new systems to use genetic information, sense small changes in the body, assess new drugs, and deliver vaccines.
Secure cyberspace: It is more than preventing identity theft. Critical systems in banking, national security, and physical infrastructure might be at risk.Engineering the tools of scientific discovery: In the century ahead, engineers will continue to be partners with scientist in the great quest for understanding many unanswered questions of nature.
National Grand Challenges
Develop carbon sequestration methods: Engineers are working on ways to capture and store excess carbon dioxide to prevent the global warming.
Restore and improve urban infrastructure: Good design and advance materials can improve transportation, water, and waste systems, and also create more sustainable urban environments.
Reverse-engineer the brain: The intersection of engineering and neuroscience promise great advances in health care, manufacturing, and communication.
Enhance virtual reality: The virtual reality creates the illusion of actually being in a different space. It can be used for training, treatment, and communication.
Source: http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/
National Grand Challenges