global development and social justice

Global Development and Global Development and Social JusticeSocial Justice

Obesity is on the rise

Facts about Obesity According to Facts about Obesity According to the World Health Organizationthe World Health Organization

According to WHO’s data from 2005, According to WHO’s data from 2005, approximately 1.6 billion adults over the approximately 1.6 billion adults over the age of 15 were overweight and 400 million age of 15 were overweight and 400 million were obese worldwide. were obese worldwide.

In that same year, approximately 20 In that same year, approximately 20 million children under the age of 5 were million children under the age of 5 were overweight, worldwide. overweight, worldwide.

WHO predicts that by the year 2015, there WHO predicts that by the year 2015, there will be approximately 2.3 billion adults will be approximately 2.3 billion adults overweight and over 700 million obese overweight and over 700 million obese adults worldwide.adults worldwide.

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html

http://healthhabits.wordpress.com/2009/04/13/future-trends-in-global-obesity/

Size Scale

Consequences of ObesityConsequences of Obesity

Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease (Heart disease and stroke are the world’s leading (Heart disease and stroke are the world’s leading

cause of death, resulting in 17 million deaths per cause of death, resulting in 17 million deaths per year.)year.)

Diabetes Diabetes (WHO predicts that there will be an increase in (WHO predicts that there will be an increase in

deaths of over 50% in the next ten years resulting deaths of over 50% in the next ten years resulting from diabetes.)from diabetes.)

Musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis Musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis CancerCancer Childhood obesity is linked to a higher risk of Childhood obesity is linked to a higher risk of

premature death and disability in adulthood.premature death and disability in adulthood.http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html

Effects of Obesity in Low and Effects of Obesity in Low and Middle Income CountriesMiddle Income Countries

Chronic disease risk factors such as obesity and Chronic disease risk factors such as obesity and overweight are affecting low and middle – income overweight are affecting low and middle – income countries in addition to the dilemma of infectious countries in addition to the dilemma of infectious diseases and under-nutrition, specifically in urban diseases and under-nutrition, specifically in urban settings.settings.

Both under-nutrition and obesity exist within the Both under-nutrition and obesity exist within the same countries, communities and households.same countries, communities and households.

This problem is a result of insufficient pre-natal This problem is a result of insufficient pre-natal care, infant, and child nutrition followed by the care, infant, and child nutrition followed by the intake of high-fat, energy-dense, poor foods intake of high-fat, energy-dense, poor foods lacking the proper nutrients to sustain a healthy lacking the proper nutrients to sustain a healthy individual, along with insufficient physical individual, along with insufficient physical activity. activity.


How Can Overweight and Obesity How Can Overweight and Obesity be Reducedbe Reduced

Limit the intake of total fats and Limit the intake of total fats and modify the fat consumption from modify the fat consumption from saturated fats to unsaturated fats.saturated fats to unsaturated fats.

Increase the intake of fruits and Increase the intake of fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and nuts, while decreasing the and nuts, while decreasing the consumption of sugars.consumption of sugars.

Increasing exercise.Increasing exercise.


World Health Organization’s Strategy World Health Organization’s Strategy For Preventing Overweight and ObesityFor Preventing Overweight and Obesity

In 2004, the World Health Assembly adopted the In 2004, the World Health Assembly adopted the WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health.and Health.

This strategy:This strategy: Advocates for health promotion and chronic Advocates for health promotion and chronic

disease prevention and control.disease prevention and control. Promotes health particularly in poor and Promotes health particularly in poor and

disadvantaged populations.disadvantaged populations. Promotes the deceleration and reversal of trends Promotes the deceleration and reversal of trends

in the common chronic disease risk factors. in the common chronic disease risk factors. Promotes the prevention of premature deaths and Promotes the prevention of premature deaths and

disability due to these major chronic diseases. disability due to these major chronic diseases.


The Organization for Economic The Organization for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentCo-operation and Development

• The Organization for Economic Co-The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has published operation and Development has published a paper titled, a paper titled, The Obesity Epidemic: The Obesity Epidemic: Analysis of Past and Projected Future Analysis of Past and Projected Future Trends in Selected OECD CountriesTrends in Selected OECD Countries..

• This paper has divided countries into 2 This paper has divided countries into 2 groups. Group 1 consists of the United groups. Group 1 consists of the United States, Canada, England and Australia States, Canada, England and Australia these countries represent “phase 1” of these countries represent “phase 1” of globalization of the western diet. globalization of the western diet.

http://healthhabits.wordpress.com/2009/04/13/future-trends-in-global-obesity/

These countries were more inclined to:These countries were more inclined to:

Replace nutritional food with “junk” Replace nutritional food with “junk” food.food.

Replace water with Coca ColaReplace water with Coca Cola Replace whole grains with Wonder Replace whole grains with Wonder

bread.bread. Replace walkable communities with Replace walkable communities with

SUV required suburbs.SUV required suburbs.

http://healthhabits.wordpress.com/2009/04/13/future-trends-in-global-obesity

Group 1Group 1

According to the numbers on these According to the numbers on these graphs, the “chubby” population is graphs, the “chubby” population is disappearing and being replaced with disappearing and being replaced with either overweight people decreasing either overweight people decreasing into the healthy weight category or into the healthy weight category or people becoming obese or morbidly people becoming obese or morbidly obese.obese.


Group 2Group 2• The countries in Group 2 include France, The countries in Group 2 include France,

Italy, Austria, and South Korea.Italy, Austria, and South Korea.• These countries are expected to grow at a These countries are expected to grow at a

slower pace in their obesity rates, than the slower pace in their obesity rates, than the countries in Group 1, but in a faster pace countries in Group 1, but in a faster pace in their overweight rates. in their overweight rates.

• This difference is presumed to be a cause This difference is presumed to be a cause of these countries still being at an earlier of these countries still being at an earlier stage in the progression of obesity as a stage in the progression of obesity as a result of the “Western Diet and Lifestyle.” result of the “Western Diet and Lifestyle.”


Obese People Aged Obese People Aged Over 18 years and Over 18 years and by Sex In Italy, by by Sex In Italy, by

Region Region Year 2007 (rates per Year 2007 (rates per hundred people and hundred people and standardized rates)standardized rates)

Note: Total equals the Note: Total equals the percentage of both males and percentage of both males and females of the total population females of the total population

of the region.of the region.

Males Males

FemalFemaleess

TotaTotall

Piemonte Piemonte 36.3636.36 63.6463.64 6.106.10

Valle d'Aosta Valle d'Aosta 39.0939.09 60.9160.91 5.505.50

Lombardia Lombardia 36.8436.84 63.1663.16 4.804.80

Trentino-Alto Adige Trentino-Alto Adige 44.1644.16 55.8455.84 3.803.80

Bolzano-BozenBolzano-Bozen 42.0342.03 57.9757.97 3.503.50

TrentoTrento 45.7845.78 54.2254.22 4.204.20

Veneto Veneto 36.5436.54 63.4663.46 5.205.20

Friuli-Venezia Giulia Friuli-Venezia Giulia 33.9433.94 66.0666.06 5.605.60

Liguria Liguria 39.2239.22 60.7860.78 7.807.80

Emilia-Romagna Emilia-Romagna 36.0036.00 64.0064.00 6.306.30

Toscana Toscana 38.6938.69 61.3161.31 8.508.50

Umbria Umbria 35.1235.12 64.8864.88 8.508.50

Marche Marche 40.6140.61 59.3959.39 8.308.30

Lazio Lazio 37.4137.41 62.5962.59 7.407.40

Abruzzo Abruzzo 40.1540.15 59.8559.85 6.606.60

Molise Molise 43.0843.08 56.9256.92 6.506.50

Campania Campania 41.8641.86 58.1458.14 6.506.50

Puglia Puglia 39.3939.39 60.6160.61 6.706.70

Basilicata Basilicata 41.8241.82 58.1858.18 8.308.30

Calabria Calabria 37.5737.57 62.4362.43 9.109.10

Sicily Sicily 37.0837.08 62.9262.92 9.009.00

Sardinia Sardinia 37.3637.36 62.6462.64 8.808.80

Nord-WestNord-West 37.0437.04 62.9662.96 5.505.50

Nord-EastNord-East 36.3636.36 63.6463.64 5.605.60

CenterCenter 37.9737.97 62.0362.03 8.008.00

SouthSouth 40.2940.29 59.7159.71 7.007.00

IslandsIslands 37.0837.08 62.9262.92 8.908.90

ITALYITALY 38.0638.06 61.9461.94 6.706.70

http://www.istat.it/sanita/sociosan/english.html

2008 State Obesity rates2008 State Obesity rates StateState MaleMale FemaleFemale TotalTotal

AlabamaAlabama 74.00%74.00% 57.60%57.60% 31.40%31.40%

AlaskaAlaska 70.90%70.90% 56.00%56.00% 26.10%26.10%

ArizonaArizona 68.30%68.30% 47.70%47.70% 24.80%24.80%

ArkansasArkansas 73.30%73.30% 53.30%53.30% 28.70%28.70%

CaliforniaCalifornia 66.80%66.80% 50.40%50.40% 23.70%23.70%

ColoradoColorado 62.60%62.60% 43.30%43.30% 18.50%18.50%

ConnecticutConnecticut 69.40%69.40% 46.60%46.60% 21.00%21.00%

DelawareDelaware 69.80%69.80% 54.00%54.00% 27.00%27.00%

Washington DCWashington DC 56.50%56.50% 49.80%49.80% 21.80%21.80%

FloridaFlorida 66.90%66.90% 48.70%48.70% 24.40%24.40%

GeorgiaGeorgia 70.50%70.50% 55.30%55.30% 27.30%27.30%

HawaiiHawaii 65.60%65.60% 47.80%47.80% 22.60%22.60%

IdahoIdaho 67.30%67.30% 51.90%51.90% 24.50%24.50%

IllinoisIllinois 71.70%71.70% 51.90%51.90% 26.40%26.40%

IndianaIndiana 68.80%68.80% 54.30%54.30% 26.30%26.30%

IowaIowa 71.40%71.40% 51.00%51.00% 26.00%26.00%

KansasKansas 73.60%73.60% 53.00%53.00% 27.40%27.40%

KentuckyKentucky 73.60%73.60% 56.70%56.70% 29.80%29.80%

LouisianaLouisiana 69.00%69.00% 53.20%53.20% 28.30%28.30%

MaineMaine 69.50%69.50% 51.10%51.10% 25.20%25.20%

MarylandMaryland 68.40%68.40% 54.80%54.80% 26.00%26.00%

MassachusettesMassachusettes 66.40%66.40% 45.20%45.20% 20.90%20.90%

MichiganMichigan 70.70%70.70% 54.00%54.00% 28.90%28.90%

MinnesotaMinnesota 70.00%70.00% 53.60%53.60% 24.30%24.30%

MississipiMississipi 70.20%70.20% 61.30%61.30% 32.80%32.80%

WyomingWyoming 67.90%67.90% 52.20%52.20% 24.60%24.60%

StateState MaleMale FemaleFemale TotalTotal

MissouriMissouri 71.70%71.70% 56.90%56.90% 28.50%28.50%

MontanaMontana 70.10%70.10% 50.10%50.10% 23.90%23.90%

NebraskaNebraska 70.50%70.50% 53.90%53.90% 26.60%26.60%

NevadaNevada 70.20%70.20% 48.80%48.80% 25.00%25.00%

New HamshireNew Hamshire 73.20%73.20% 49.00%49.00% 24.00%24.00%

New JerseyNew Jersey 67.90%67.90% 49.50%49.50% 22.90%22.90%

New MexicoNew Mexico 65.00%65.00% 51.00%51.00% 25.20%25.20%

New YorkNew York 65.40%65.40% 50.30%50.30% 24.40%24.40%

North CarolinaNorth Carolina 70.50%70.50% 56.10%56.10% 29.00%29.00%

North DakotaNorth Dakota 76.70%76.70% 52.40%52.40% 27.10%27.10%

OhioOhio 69.10%69.10% 53.80%53.80% 28.70%28.70%

OklahomaOklahoma 72.30%72.30% 56.65%56.65% 30.30%30.30%

OregonOregon 68.50%68.50% 50.00%50.00% 24.20%24.20%

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania 71.30%71.30% 53.20%53.20% 27.70%27.70%

Rhode IslandRhode Island 66.50%66.50% 49.90%49.90% 21.50%21.50%

South CarolinaSouth Carolina 70.40%70.40% 56.65%56.65% 30.10%30.10%

South DakotaSouth Dakota 72.60%72.60% 52.90%52.90% 27.50%27.50%

TennesseeTennessee 72.00%72.00% 58.80%58.80% 30.60%30.60%

TexasTexas 70.30%70.30% 53.70%53.70% 28.30%28.30%

UtahUtah 64.70%64.70% 48.30%48.30% 22.50%22.50%

VermontVermont 65.50%65.50% 49.10%49.10% 22.70%22.70%

VirginiaVirginia 65.90%65.90% 51.60%51.60% 25.00%25.00%

WashintonWashinton 67.50%67.50% 51.50%51.50% 25.40%25.40%

West VirginaWest Virgina 74.70%74.70% 59.30%59.30% 31.20%31.20%

WisconsinWisconsin 71.40%71.40% 51.90%51.90% 25.40%25.40%

Websites for U.S. Obesity StatisticsWebsites for U.S. Obesity Statistics

http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html#Statetrends.html#State

http://www.obesity.org/statistics/http://www.obesity.org/statistics/

http://www.statehealthfacts.org/http://www.statehealthfacts.org/comparebar.jsp?ind=90&cat=2comparebar.jsp?ind=90&cat=2

Projected prevalence of obesity Projected prevalence of obesity in adults by 2025in adults by 2025

http://www.iuns.org/features/obesity/tabfig.htm#Table%203

Global Dump Soft Drinks CampaignGlobal Dump Soft Drinks Campaign

In 2007, the Center for Science in the Public Interest In 2007, the Center for Science in the Public Interest and the International Association of Consumer Food and the International Association of Consumer Food Organizations worked together to launch the Organizations worked together to launch the Global Global Dump Soft Drinks CampaignDump Soft Drinks Campaign at the Consumers at the Consumers International World Congress in Sydney, Australia. International World Congress in Sydney, Australia.

This campaign has asked governments to require soft-This campaign has asked governments to require soft-drink producers to stop advertising their beverages to drink producers to stop advertising their beverages to children under 16 and to require a tax on these soft-children under 16 and to require a tax on these soft-drinks in order to fund nutrition and fitness programs.drinks in order to fund nutrition and fitness programs.

In addition to this, the campaign works to promote the In addition to this, the campaign works to promote the marketing of lower-sugar products, selling in smaller marketing of lower-sugar products, selling in smaller portions, and ending sales of these beverages in all portions, and ending sales of these beverages in all public and private elementary and high schools. public and private elementary and high schools.

http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5492

The following is an interesting video The following is an interesting video found on YouTube suggesting using found on YouTube suggesting using large corporations such as Coca Cola large corporations such as Coca Cola to our advantage rather than to our advantage rather than disadvantage. disadvantage.

Lets Make Better Choices To Make Lets Make Better Choices To Make a Better World a Better World

global development and social justice

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obesity epidemic

effects of obesity

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