global cultures. culture the way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs...
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Global Cultures
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Culture• The way of life of a
group of people who
share similar beliefs
and customs
• What languages people speak,
what religions they follow, etc.
• The history people have shared, art forms they created, how they govern their society
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1) Language• how people communicate, and pass
on values & traditions
• is one of the strongest unifying forces for a culture
• language families - groups of languages with similar roots
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1) Language• There may be different dialects within
the main language.– (dialects - the form of a language
spoken by people in a particular region or group. Pronunciation, vocabulary, and sentence structure are affected by dialect)
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2) Religion• provides a sense of identity• influences daily life - morals, values,
holidays, festivals• shapes cultural expressions such as painting,
sculpture, architecture, music and dance• can be a source of conflict• 5 Major World Religions: Judaism,
Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism
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3) Social Groups
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3) Social Groups
Family Structures - In all cultures, the family is the most important group
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3) Social Groups
• Social Classes - wealth, education, etc.
• Most cultures also group social classes - groups of people ranked according to ancestry, wealth, education, or other criteria
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3) Social Groups
• Ethnic Groups
- a human population that shares a common culture or ancestry
- made up of people who share a common language, history, place of origin, or a combination of these elements
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4) Government• is organized according to levels of
power• a type of authority• maintains the order within the
country• provides protection from outside
dangers• supplies other services to its
people
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Culture Regions• an area in which people have many
shared culture traits.– Example: groups of countries with similar
characteristics - Mexico, Central & South America
• may include economic systems, type of government, social groups
• could also include religion, history, food, clothing, etc.
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Cultural Change• No culture remains the same over
time new ideas and inventions create change (ex. clothing styles).
• History can expose culture groups to new ways of life – including new languages, resources, and technologies.
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• New culture traits are added as older ones fade away.
• Acculturation - when an individual or group adopts some of the traits of another culture.
• Assimilation - when immigrant groups adopt all of the features of the main culture.
Cultural Change
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• Change occurs through outside and inside influences such as:
1. trade2. war3. movement of people4. inventions5. new ideas6. lifestyles
Cultural Change
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Cultural Diffusion
• when an idea or innovation (knowledge, skills, etc.) that spreads from one person or group and is adopted by another person or group
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Partition to separate the Single Men side from the Family Side
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Agricultural Revolution- the shift from gathering food (nomadic
herding) to producing food
• About 10,000 yrs ago, people were nomads who moved from place to place in search for food and grazing land
• Eventually the earth’s climate warmed and they settled in river valleys (permanent villages) and began farming
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Agricultural Revolution
this shift from wondering to farming causes people to settle down in permanent homes/villages
this evolved into early civilizations (civilizations lead to Culture Hearths)
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Culture Hearths
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Culture HearthsEarly centers of civilization whose ideas and
practices spread to surrounding areas- all located in mild climates, with fertile land near a water source for irrigation
• Middle America• Mesopotamia – modern Iraq and Syria• Nile Valley - Egypt• Indus Valley – Pakistan, most of Afghanistan,
SE Iran, NW India• Yellow River Valley – N. China along the
Yellow River
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5) Economics• use of natural resources to meet human needs
• how to produce, obtain, use, and sell goods & services
• Because the Agricultural Revolution created a surplus of food, people were forced to change what they did for a living
– new technology & economic activities (metalworking, shipbuilding, etc.) led to trade
– increased wealth led to rise of cities leads to migration urbanization
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MigrationThe movement of people from place to place
1. Push-pull factors–Push Factors - cause people to leave a
location (Centrifugal)–Pull Factors - attract people to a new
location (Centripetal) –Most migrate for economic reasons:
• no job = push• higher pay = pull
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2. political - escaping a Communist country
3. social - education, family in another country
4. economical - better jobs, better life
5. environmental/physical geography - climate, environmental hazards
Migration
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6. refugees - people who are forced to leave their country because of war, – food shortages, or other problems
(ex. Darfur)
7. forced migration – ex. African slave trade
Migration
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8.Urbanization - growth of city populations brought about by migration and the changes that come with the increase in population.
- leaving the farm for better life or job in a city
- ½ of the world’s people live in cities
Migration
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Industrial Revolution
• 1700s & 1800s: new production methods change the way goods can be produced
changes a
country’s economyleads to social
change
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Industrial Revolution
• People left farms to work in the cities in factories
• Cities grew larger urbanization
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Information Revolution• End of 1900s: computers make it
possible to store information and send it all over the world in an instant
The Information Revolution - links (connects) the cultures of the world more closely than ever before. Leads to Social Change
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