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Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 7 Vitamins

Chapter 7 Nutrition: The Nutrients

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Content Vocabulary

supplement

deficiency

fat-soluble

water-soluble

night blindness

beta-carotene

antioxidant

free radicals




• The idea that vitamins and supplements can cure anything is apparent in today’s advertising.

supplementA pill, powder, liquid, or the like containing only nutrients




Too little or too much of any vitamin or mineral is harmful to health.

Vitamin Safety




• A vitamin can cure only the disease caused by a deficiency of that vitamin.

• An overdose of any vitamin can make people as sick as a deficiency and even cause death.

Vitamin Safety

deficiencyToo little of a nutrient in the body




• The two classes of vitamins are: fat-soluble and water-soluble.

Vitamin Safety

fat-solubleAble to dissolve in fat and tend to remain in the body

water-solubleAble to travel in the body’s watery fluids and leave the body readily in the urine




• Vitamins are dangerous in high doses, but minerals are even more dangerous.

• Minerals can cause illness when taken in doses slightly above recommended levels.

• A balanced diet supplies the correct amount of vitamins and minerals.

Vitamin Safety




Vitamin A is important to many body processes.

Vitamin A




• Night blindness is an early sign of a vitamin A deficiency.

Vitamin A

night blindnessA slow recovery of vision after flashes of bright light at night




• Vitamin A:– Protects vision.– Helps fight infections.– Maintains normal, healthy skin.– Promotes growth.

Vitamin A




• Vitamin A dissolves into body fat and can build up toxic to levels.

• Vitamin A toxicity symptoms include nausea, vomiting, headache, blurred vision, weakness of the bones and muscles, and liver damage.

Too Little or Too Much

Vitamin A




• Beta-carotene is the form of vitamin A that comes from plants.

Beta-carotene

Vitamin A

beta-caroteneAn orange vegetable pigment that the body can change into the active form of vitamin A




• Beta-carotene can never cause dangerous build-ups to occur.

• Only vitamin A from supplements or fortified foods poses the threat of toxicity.

Beta-carotene

Vitamin A




• Beta-carotene plays a special role as an antioxidant nutrient.

Beta-carotene

Vitamin A

antioxidantDefends the body against destructive compounds




• Antioxidants defend the body against destructive compounds called free radicals.

Beta-carotene

Vitamin A

free radicalsSubstances that trigger damaging chain reactions in the cells of the body




• The best sources of beta-carotene are:

– Dark green vegetables.– Deep yellow and orange fruits and vegetables.

Best Sources or Fortified Foods

Vitamin A




• The best sources vitamin A of an animal origin are:

–Liver

–Fish oil

–Fortified milk and/or milk products

Best Sources or Fortified Foods

Vitamin A




Eating foods rich in vitamin E may help protect against heart disease.

Vitamin E




• Vitamin E is an antioxidant nutrient.• Good sources of vitamin E are:

–Raw vegetable oils.–Cereal grains.–Nuts.–Fruits.–Vegetables.

Vitamin E




To get enough thiamin and other nutrients, a teen must eat many servings of nutritious foods each day.

Thiamin




Thiamin helps the body use energy from other

nutrients including:

– Carbohydrates– Fats – Protein.

Thiamin




• Mild symptoms of thiamin deficiency include:–Stomachaches–Headaches–Fatigue–Restlessness

Thiamin




• Mild symptoms of thiamin deficiency also include:–Problems sleeping–Chest pains–Fevers–Anger and aggression–Symptoms that can be mistaken for mental

illness

Thiamin




• Severe symptoms of thiamin deficiency include:–Paralysis –Loss of muscle tissue–Swelling–Enlarged heart–Irregular heartbeat–Death from heart failure

Thiamin




Folate and vitamin B12 illustrate why it is important to eat foods from each of the food groups.

Folate and Vitamin B12




• Folate is found in fresh, leafy green vegetables.

• Vitamin B12 is found in meat and milk.

• Though found in different food groups, folate and vitamin B12 work together in the body.





• Folate deficiency causes anemia, weakened immunity, and abnormal digestion.

• Vitamin B12 deficiency causes anemia and abnormal nerve and muscle function





• The two classes of vitamins are __________ and __________ .

fat-solubleAble to dissolve in fat and tend to remain in the body

water-solubleAble to travel in the body’s watery fluids and leave the body readily in the urine

Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary




• A __________ is a condition in which the body lacks an essential nutrient.

deficiencyToo little of a nutrient in the body

Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary

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