glaucoma meducation part iii
DESCRIPTION
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that cause progressive damage of the optic nerve at the point where it leaves the eye to carry visual information to the brain.If left untreated, most types of glaucoma progress (without warning nor obvious symptoms to the patient) towards gradually worsening visual damage and may lead to blindness. Once incurred, visual damage is mostly irreversible, and this has led to glaucoma being described as the "silent blinding disease" or the "sneak thief of sight".Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness worldwide. It is estimated that 4.5 million persons globally are blind due to glaucoma1 and that this number will rise to 11.2 million by 20202. It is noteworthy that due to the silent progression of the disease - at least in its early stages - up to 50% of affected persons in the developed countries are not even aware of having glaucoma3. This number may rise to 90% in underdeveloped parts of the world.TRANSCRIPT
CAN YOU SEE THIS PICTURE CLEARLY??
AND THIS ONE??
If you see most of the things you view with your eyes in this way….then most probably you might be suffering from “GLAUCOMA”
GLAUCOMA
What is glaucoma???
”Glaucoma” is an eye disorder in which the optic nerve is damaged,
permanently damaging vision in the affected eye(s) and progressing to
complete blindness if untreated. It is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the
eye (ocular hypertension)
Early warning
symptoms of
glaucomaGlaucoma has been
nicknamed the "silent thief of sight" because
the loss of vision normally occurs gradually over a
long period of time, and is often recognized only
when the disease is quite advanced!!
Types of glaucoma
There are several types of glaucoma. The two main types
are:I.open-angle glaucoma &II. angle-closure
glaucoma.
Other types:Normal-Tension Glaucoma(NTG):
1)Also called “low-tension” or “normal-pressure” glaucoma, in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) the optic nerve is damaged even though the pressure in the eye is not very high.
2)In general, a "normal" pressure range is between 10-20 mm Hg.
3) The causes of NTG are still unknown.
Childhood Glaucoma:
1)This is a rare condition that may be inherited, caused by incorrect development of the eye’s drainage system before birth.
2)Occurs in babies and young children. It is usually diagnosed within the first year of life.
3)Also referred to as “congenital glaucoma”, “pediatric”, or “infantile glaucoma”
OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
CLOSED ANGLE
GLAUCOMA“Open-angle” means
that the angle where the iris
meets the cornea is as wide and
open as it should be. Open-angle
glaucoma is also called “primary glaucoma” or
“chronic glaucoma”
Angle-closure glaucoma is a
result of the angle between the iris and cornea is
closing. It is also called “acute glaucoma” or “narrow-angle
glaucoma”
OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
CLOSED ANGLE
GLAUCOMA
OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
CLOSED ANGLE
GLAUCOMA Is caused by the
slow clogging of the drainage canals, resulting in increased eye pressure
Has a wide and open angle between the iris and cornea
Develops slowly and is a lifelong condition
Has symptoms and damage that are not noticed.
Is caused by blocked drainage canals, resulting in a sudden rise in intraocular pressure
Has a closed or narrow angle between the iris and cornea
Develops very quickly Has symptoms and
damage that are usually very noticeable
Demands immediate medical attention.
WHY SHOULD YOU GO TO A DOCTOR?
Early detection, through regular
and complete eye exams, is
the key to protecting your
vision from damage caused by glaucoma.
Everyone is at risk for glaucoma!!However, certain groups are at higher risk than others….
ARE YOU AT RISK FOR
GLAUCOMA?
Some “High Risk” Groups!!!!
People Over 60
Glaucoma is much more common among older
people. You are six times more likely to get glaucoma if you are over 60
years old.
Family Members with
Glaucoma
The most common type of glaucoma,
primary open-angle glaucoma, is
hereditary. If members of your immediate
family have glaucoma, you are at a much
higher risk than the rest of the population.
African Americans
Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness among
African Americans. It is six to eight
times more common in African Americans than in
Caucasians.
Hispanics (especially higher age
groups)
Recent studies indicate that the risk for Hispanic
populations is greater
OTHER RISK FACTORS:
hypertension
TraumaHigh myopia (nearsighted
ness)
People at high risk for glaucoma should get a complete eye exam, including eye dilation, every one or two years
Regular glaucoma check-ups include two routine eye tests:
tonometry and ophthalmoscopy. Examination of Name of the test1.The inner eye pressure Tonometry
2.Optic nerve Ophthalmoscopy (dilated eye examination) 3.The complete field of vision Perimetry (visual field defect)
4.The angle in the eye where the iris meets the cornea Gonioscopy
5.Thickness of the cornea Pachymetry
WHY ARE THERE SO MANY DIAGNOSTIC
TESTS???Diagnosing glaucoma is not always easy, and
careful evaluation of the optic nerve continues to be essential to diagnosis
and treatment.
The most important concern is protecting your
sight.
Doctors look at many factors before
making decisions about your treatment.
If your condition is particularly difficult to diagnose or treat, you may be referred to a glaucoma specialist.
A second opinion is always wise if you or your doctor become concerned about your diagnosis or
your progress.
CARE AND TREATMENT
With the facts about glaucoma, you can take charge of your
health with a few adjustments to your routine. Caring for
your eyes may include medication, surgery, or a
combination of treatments
Glaucoma Medication
Carefully follow your medication
regimen to preserve a healthy eye pressure and prevent vision
loss.
Glaucoma Surgery
Depending on the severity of
glaucoma, laser treatment or conventional surgery may be
necessary.
MEDICINES:Beta
blockers Carboni
c anhydra
ze inhibito
rs
Sympathomime
tics
Parasympathomimetic
s
Prostaglandin
Derivatives
SURGERY
Goniotomy
Trabeculotomy• for
congenital
glaucoma's
Trabeculectomy• for adult
glaucoma's
Implants
Did you know??
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness?
Glaucoma can cause blindness if it is left untreated. And unfortunately approximately 10% of people with glaucoma who receive proper treatment still experience loss of vision.
There is no cure (yet) for glaucoma
Glaucoma is not curable, and vision lost cannot be regained.
With medication and/or surgery, it is possible to halt further loss of vision. Since glaucoma is a
chronic condition, it must be monitored for life.
Immediate Diagnosis is the first step to preserving your vision.
Everyone is at risk for glaucoma
Older people are at a higher risk for glaucoma
but babies can be born with glaucoma (congenital
glaucoma). Young adults can get
glaucoma, too.
There may be no symptoms to warn you
With open-angle glaucoma, the most common form, there are virtually no
symptoms.Usually, no pain is associated with
increased eye pressure.Vision loss begins with peripheral or side vision. You may compensate for
this unconsciously by turning your head to the side, and may not notice
anything until significant vision is lost.
PREVENT GLAUCOM
A!!
It is important to have your eyes examined regularly………..
Initiative by:
Rotaract Club of The
CaduceusAcknowledgement:
Rtr. Resham Parikh (President) Rtr. Udit Dalmia (Vice-President and PD Director) Rtr. Sanket Shah (Secretary) Rtr. Pradnya Shinde (Project Designer)
For further info. please contact: Rtr. Pradnya 8898512030Rtr. Udit 9821888645
RID 3140