glass blocks and membrane structures

8/7/2019 Glass Blocks and Membrane Structures

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Topic I: Glass blocks

References:

ISO21690:2006

Pittsburgh Corning Corporation

Manufacturer¶s specifications

Scope of work:

System Description

Knowledge of the following basic information is essential for proper installation of

Glass Block units:

1. Glass block panels shall not be designed to support structural loads.

2. Maximum deflection of structural members supporting glass block panels shall not

exceed L/600.

3. Sills of all panels must be painted with a heavy coat of asphalt emulsion and must

dry for two hours before first mortar bed is placed.

4. Provision for expansion and movement must be made at jambs and heads of all

panels. Mortar must not bridge expansion spaces.5. Mortar should be mixed and applied in accordance with the recommendations.

Material:

Test Reports -

Fire Tests

Submit documents verifying glass block units are classified for a %, 1 or It/z-hour fire

exposure according to ASTM E163, Underwriters Laboratories of Canada CAN 4-S106-MB0 or Up 9 ³Fire Tests of Window Assemblies.´ All such glass block unit

cartons shall carry appropriate UL@ labels.



Storage and Protection



A. Store unopened cartons of glass block in a clean, cool, dry area.

B. Protect opened cartons of glass block against windblown rain or water run-off with

tarpaulins or plastic covering.

Project/Site Conditions

A. Do not install glass block units when temperature is 40°F (4OC) and falling.

Maintain the temperature of glass unit masonry above 40°F (4%) for the first

48 hours after construction.

PRODUCTS

Acceptable Manufacturers

A. The drawings and specifications are based on catalog data, specifications and

products of Pittsburgh Corning Corporation and designate the type and quality of

work intended under this section.

1. Products of other manufacturers proposed as equivalent quality must be

submitted through the bidding contractors for written approval of the architect ten

days prior to the bid date.

2. Supporting technical data, samples, published specifications and the like must be

submitted for comparison.



3. Contractor shall warrant that proposed substitutions, if accepted, will provide

performance equivalent to the materials specified herein.

4. The specifications have been developed by Pittsburgh Corning Corporation based

on extensive tests of panels composed of Pittsburgh Corning Glass Block masonry

units manufactured by Pittsburgh Corning Corporation. These specifications do not

apply to panels made from glass block masonry units produced by any other

manufacturer.

Fire-resistant glass structures are usually made of one or more transparent space -enclosing elements in conjunction with seals and fastening elements. When theyfunction as a space enclosing elements, they need to prevent the spread of fi re andsmoke for the nominated period of time.Glass blocks used in fire-resistant glass structures are not load-bearing, however they offer great versatility where fire protection is required, but where natural lightand/or transparency are desirable.

Fire-resistant glass blocks can be used in the following situations:� To provide fi re protection in emergency escape routes.� To provide fi re protection on boundary walls.� To provide fi re separation between floors.Fire Resistance Levels (FRLs) are expressed in terms of:� Structural adequacy The capacity of the element to resist failure, collapse or major damage;� Integrity The capacity to resist the formation of cracks, fissures and the like; and� Insulation The capacity to keep the temperature on t he external face within

specified limits

Accessories

A. Panel Reinforcing: two parallel Q -gauge wires either 15/8 inch or 2 inch on centre

with electrically butt-welded cross-wires spaced at regular intervals, galvanized after

welding

B. Panel Anchors: 20 gauge perforated steel strips 24 inches long by 1% inches

wide, hot-dipped galvanized after perforation

C. Expansion Strips: made of polyethylene foam with a thickness of 3 inchD. Asphalt

Emulsion: a water-based asphalt emulsion, or equal.

E. Sealant (caulk): non-staining, waterproof mastic, (silicone), (urethane),

F. Packing (Backer Rods): polyethylene foam, neoprene, fibrous glass or equal as

approved by sealant manufacturer.



Mortar Materials

A. Mortar: Type S in accordance with ASTM C270. Mortar shall be 1 part Portland

Cement, l/2 part lime, and sand equal to 2% to 3 times the amount of cementitious

material (cement plus lime), all measures by volume. (For exterior glass block

panels, an integral type waterproofer should be added to the mortar mix.) No

antifreeze compounds or accelerators allowed.

1. Portland Cement: Type 1 in accordance with ASTM C150. If a waterproof Portland

Cement is used, the integral type waterproofer shall be omitted. (Masonry Cement is

not recommended.)

2. Lime: Type S, in accordance with ASTM C207. Shall be a pressure-hydrated

dolomitic lime, provided that not less than 92% of all the active ingredients are

completely hydrated.

3. Sand: A &lean, white quartzite or silica type, essentially free of iron compounds,

for thin joints, in accordance with ASTM C144, not less than 100% passing a No. 8

sieve.

4. Integral Type Waterrepellent: Stearate type by Sonneborn Building Products

(Hydrocide Powder, l-800-243-6739), or equal.

Note: Add hydrocide powder to dry mortar mix. Do not add powder to wet mortar

mix.

5. External Type Waterproofer: Water based silane sealer type

Note: Remove excess sealer from glass surfaces soon after application.

Process:

EXECUTION

Preparation

A. Verify that (channels), (panel anchors) have been provided at head and jambs for

the purpose of providing panel support within the opening.

B. Mix all mortar components to a consistency that is drier than mortar for ordinary

masonry. Retempering the mortar after it has taken its initial set shall not be

permitted. Do not use antifreeze compounds or accelerators.

C. Freshly mixed mortar may create skin irritation. Avoid direct contact where

possible and wash exposed skin areas promptly with water. If any mortar gets into

the eyes, rinse immediately with water and get prompt medical attention.



Installation

A. Cover sill area with a heavy coat of asphalt emulsion. Allow emulsion to dry at

least 2 hours before placing mortar.

B. Where panel anchors are used at jambs and heads in lieu of channel or chase

surrounds, install panel anchors in the same joints (16 inches O.C. maximum) where

panel reinforcing will be laid. EXCEPT THAT, at panel corners, anchors shall be

placed in each mortar joint, both at the jamb and head, 24 inches on each side of

the corner. Install panel anchors across head joint spaced 16 inches O.C. maximum.

C. Adhere expansion strips to jambs and head. Make certain expansion strip extends

to sill and covers leg of panel anchor which is attached to jambs and head.

D. Set a full mortar bed joint, applied to sill.E. Set lower course of block. Maintain a uniform joint width of I to 3 inch plus or

minus l/e inch. All mortar joints must be full and not furrowed. Steel tools must not be

used to tap blocks into position. (Place a rubber crutch tip on end of trowel to t ap

block into position). Do not realign, tap or otherwise move block after initial

placement.

F. Install panel reinforcing every 16 inches O.C. maximum in the horizontal mortar

joint and in joints immediately above and below all openings within panels. Run

reinforcing continuously from end to end of panels. Lap reinforcing not less than 6

inches whenever it is necessary to use more than one length. NOTE: In corrosive

atmospheres, (i.e. saline air, chlorine air, etc.), the use of stainless steelchannels,

reinforcingandpanelanchorsshould beconsidered,



Do not bridge expansion joints with reinforcing. Install reinforcing as follows:

Place lower half of mortar in bed joint. Do not furrow. Press panel reinforcing into

place. Cover panel reinforcing with upper half of mortar bed and trowel smooth. Do

not furrow. Place full mortar bed for joints not requiring panel reinforcing -do

not furrow. Maintain uniform joint width. Set succeeding courses of block. Space at

head of panel and jambs must remain free of mortar for caulking with sealant.

Use only wooden or rubber tipped tools when tapping glass blocks in place.

Strike joints smooth while mortar is still plastic and before final set. Remove surplus

mortar from faces of glass blocks and wipe dry. (See Section 3.03). Tool joints

smooth and concave before mortar takes final set. (Remove wedges from lower

courses of solid glass blocks and point the voids with mortar.) At this time, remove

and clean out all excess mortar from jamb, head and other locations. After final

mortar set (approximately 24 hours),install packing tightly between glass block panel

and jamb and head construction. Leave space for sealing. Apply sealant evenly to

the full depth of recesses as indicated on the drawings and in accordance with the

manufacturer¶s application manual and instructions. Exterior glass block panels shall

be well sealed to prevent water entry.



Panel anchor construction



Cleaning

A. Remove surplus mortar from the faces of the glass block at the time joints are

struck or tooled. Mortar should be removed while it is still plastic using a clean, wet

sponge or an ordinary household scrub brush having stiff bristles.

B. Do not use harsh cleaners, acids (of any strength), abrasives or alkaline materials

while cleaning glass block. Never use a wire brush to remove mortar from glass

block surfaces.

C. Final mortar removal is accomplished with a clean, wet sponge or cloth. Rinse

sponge or cloth frequently in clean water to remove abrasive particles that could

scratch glass surfaces. Allow any remaining film on the block to dry to a powder.



D. After all organic sealants, caulking, etc., have been applied, remove excess

caulking materials with commercial solvents such as xylene, toluene, mineral spirits

or naptha and follow with normal wash and rinse. Be careful not to damaae caulkinq

bv overgenerous application of strong solventsTComply with solvent manufacturer¶s

directions on label for toxicity and flammability warnings.

E. Final cleaning of glass block panels is accomplished a fter they are completely

installed. Wait until panels are not exposed to direct sunlight. Start at the top of the

panel and wash with generous amounts of clean water. Dry all water from the glass

block surface. Change cloth frequently to eliminate dried mo rtar particles or

aggregate that could scratch the glass surface. To remove the dry powder from the

glass surfaces, use a clean, dry, soft cloth. For stubborn or hard to remove powder

or stains, the use of an ³extra fine´ steel wool (grades 000 or 0000) is suggested. Try

this first in an unobtrusive area.

SUPERVISIONThe contractor shall ensure that the work is performed and directly supervised byappropriately experienced personnel.

QUALITY ASSURANCE

Suppliers and contractors shall provide assurance of the quality of all goods,materials and services to be provided. The following are deemed to meet thisrequirement:

� a quality assurance system complying with relevant standards, or � a quality control system approved by the Builder.

INSPECTION AND COMPLETION

Glass block installation shall be inspected after the fi rst course of the fi rst panel iscompleted.The inspection shall verify that the following are correct and to the specifi cation:� the fixing of the frame;� fitting of expansion joints to the jambs and head; and� installation of reinforcement.When work has reached this inspection stage, the Contractor shall advise the Builder before covering, closing or completing the work.On completion of all works, the Contractor shall formally advi se the Builder of

practical completion. Where the contract is staged, this advice shall be given oncompletion of each major stage.

Maintenance

Powder coated and anodised aluminium should be cleaned regularly with a pH -neutral detergent solution (see AS 3715 and AS 1231) and thoroughly rinsed.Solvents or abrasive solutions should not be used. Full details are provided in theObeco Technical Manual. Do not use harsh cleaners, acids or abrasives.



Topic 2: Membrane structures:

References:

1. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC):a. M016 Manual of Steel Construction

b. S326 Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel Buildingsc. S329 Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A4902. American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI):a. SG 503 Manual of Steel Construction, Ninth Edition3. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):a. A36 Structural Steelb. A 123 Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot DipGalvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Productsc. A 307 Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 psi TensileStrengthd. A325 High-Strength Bolts for Structural Steel Joints

Scope of work: The scope of work includes the design, supply, fabrication and installation of PVDF

Coated PVC tensile membrane, complete with associated support structures to

provide a total installation, fully in conformity with the requirements and intent of the

drawings and specifications herein.

1. This specification covers the design, manufacture, shipping andhandling and erection of a Relocatable, prefabricated tensi onmembrane structure.2. The structure membrane shall be tensioned over the framework. The

structure shall be rectangular in shape. The side and gable walls of thestructure shall be vertical. The interior of the structure below the mainarch shall be clear and free of any structural members and shallprovide unobstructed floor space.3. The structure shall also include accessories and items required andnecessary for the scope and intended use and as herein specified.These may include:a. Personnel access, industrial roll up and aircraft hangar doors.b. Electrical systems including interior lighting.c. Ventilation Systems.

Requirements:

Design Requirements ± Structural Frame1. Roof and Wall Surfaces: To provide for maximum compatibility wi th standard door,window, ventilation and other accessory and cladding systems, the structure shall bedesigned such that the roof and gable side wall surfaces form flat planes.2. Purlin Spacing: To provide for structural stability, to minimize unsupported areasof membrane fabric in the roof and to provide for installation of accessory items, themain structural trusses shall be laterally braced by tubular purlins. (See Part 1.8, CPara. 7).



3. Wind and Frame Bracing: The structure shall be appropriately stabilized with mainwind bracing cable or rod assemblies as well as any required secondary noderestraint assemblies so as to efficiently transfer wind, snow and seismic inducedstresses to the foundation/anchoring system. Cable diameters for main wind b racingshall be a minimum of 3/8´ diameter for structures under 130¶ span. For structuresbetween 130¶ and 200¶ span, cable diameters should be a minimum of ½´ and for

structures over 200¶ span, cable diameters should be a minimum of 5/8´. The endbays of the structure shall be designed to be ³X´ braced early during installation toallow for permanent stability of the frame as early as practicable during theinstallation process. The structural frame shall be provided with engineeredattachment clips or lugs for all main cable assemblies. These clips shall be aminimum 3/8´ thick A36 steel and shall be designed to properly transfer wind bracingforces within the structural frame.4. Connecting Joints: Connections for structural elements and PVC membrane shallbe properly designed with required safety factors so as to transfer all the maximumforces present in a given joint. For spans less than or equal to 90¶, a minimum of two5/8´ diameter A325 bolts or one ¾´ diameter A325 bolts shall be used at each ma intruss chord joint. For spans greater than 90¶ and less than or equal to 170¶ ,a minimum of two ¾´ diameter A325 bolts shall be used at each main truss chord joint. For spans greater than 170¶, a minimum of two 1´ diameter A325 bolts shall beused at each main truss chord joint. Where sleeve joints are used, the material shallbe appropriately sized and reinforced so as to avoid sheer failure of the material.Primary axial steel connections shall also be made with bolts of at least 5/8´diameter grade A325. Secondary purlins shall be secured by no less than ½´diameter bolts.5. Mechanical Equipment Interface: The main structural roof trusses shall allow for installation of electrical and mechanical equipment between the inner and outer surfaces of the truss framework. Likewise, the structure shall accept penetrationsthrough the membrane for access doors and mechanical services with minimal

modification.6. Alternative Cladding Materials: The structure shall be designed such thatalternative covering materials such as metal roof and/or wall cladding can be addedwith minimal modification, if required.7. Shipping: The main structural trusses shall be two dimensional, planar trusseswhich nest tightly together in order to minimize shipping and storage volume.8. Ancillary Systems: The structure shall be designed such that it can be readilyretrofitted with insulation systems and other ancillary systems such as lighting,sprinklers, HVAC, etc. as required.

D. Design Requirements ± PVC Coated Membrane Cladding System1. Continuous, Weather Tight Membrane: The structure membrane shall form a

continuous, uninterrupted weather tight shell over the framework. In order to providefor a good finished appearance and to insure weather tightness, the gable wall PVCcladding shall be manufactured so as to be connected in one piece to the adjacentside wall and roof cladding without the use of catenary cables.2. Cladding Section Joints: Adjacent PVC cladding sections shall either lace together with a minimum ¼´ white polyester rope or be provided with a mechanical tensioningsystem so as to maintain PVC tension along the length of the building. Proper gapsshall be maintained between sections so as to allow sufficient distance to enable fulltensioning of the material.



3. Overlap Seams: The membrane system shall be designed such that the PVCcladding panels can be supplied with optional overlap joints to allow adjacent panelsto be field heat sealed together.4. Base Tensioning System: The PVC cladding will be provided with a mechanicaltensioning system that allows the PVC to be fully tensioned around the structureperimeter. The system will be designed such that the membrane can be tightly and

neatly secured over the structural frame and such that the system has remainingrange of adjustment.5. Membrane Seal at Openings and Base: The structure supplier will provide allmaterials and methods necessary to fully tension and seal the membrane materialaround all door, ventilation and other openings as well as around the structureperimeter below the main tensioning system. This seal shall provide a neat finishedappearance and eliminate any loose PVC cladding that could otherwise be damagedby flapping or abrasion. When a PVC base skirt is required, this shall be suppliedseparately from the main PVC cladding and attached at the base perimeter so as toallow a reasonable seal against air and water intrusion.6. Design Safety Factor: The PVC membrane shall be designed to allow a factor of safety at design loads of at least three (3) times the theoretical design strength of thePVC material.7. The structure membrane shall not be designed to function as a structural member such that, should any damage to or penetrations of the membrane occur, theintegrity of the structural f ramework shall not be affected.

Material:

A. APPROVED ARCHITECTURAL FABRIC MEMBRANE MATERIALS

1. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)a. Raw Material: Polyester b. Construction: PVC/PVDF Coated Polyester c. Tensile Strength: to meet requirements of engineer d. Light Transmission: 8% - 14%, depending on required strengthe. Color: Whitef. Expected service life: 7 ± 10 yearsg. Flame retardant: NFPA 701h. Composure: Solid and water repellenti. Seams: RF Sealed with sufficient strength to develop 90 percent of fullstrength of fabric j. Recyclable material construction2. PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) coated Fiberglassa. Base Fabric: Woven "EC6" glass.

b. Coating: PTFE.c. Tensile Strength: as required by engineer d. Combustibility: Non-combustible substrate when tested in accordance with ASTM E 136.e. Intermittent Flaming: Class A, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 108.f. Flame Spread: Class A, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.g. Flame Retardancy: Passing NFPA 701.h. Solar Transmission: 19 percent, minimum.



i. Seams: Welded, with sufficient strength to develop 90 percent of full strength of fabric j. Expected Service Life: 20 to 25 years.k. Color After Exposure to Sunlight: White.l. Composure: Solid and water repellentm. Neoprene gaskets will be used to protect PTFE against contact with metal

components

3. HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)a. Mesh fabric made from UV stabilized HDPEb. Fire Retardancy: NFPA 701c. Sewn with PTFE thread in a zig-zag stitch to prevent failure under tensiond. Color: As approved by architect/owner from available selection4. ePTFE (Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene)a. Tear strength: as required by engineer b. Light Transmission: 30% - 40% with respect to associated required strengthc. Color: Whited. Flame retardant: NFPA 701

e. Flame spread: Class A (ASTM E84)f. Composure: Solid and water repellentg. Seams: RF Sealed with sufficient strength to develop 90 percent of fullstrength of fabrich. 25 year expected life - 15 year full warrantyi. Recyclable material constructionB. STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING1. Structural frame shall be fabricated from structural steel using standard shapes.The steel shall be minimum ASTM A36 for standard profiles and A500 Grade Bfor structural tubes.2. The fabrication of the steel shall be in accordance with guidelines set forth in the AISC steel design manual and the AWS code of structural welding. All weldsshall be in accordance with manufacturers design and performed prior toshipping. No welding shall be performed in the field unless authorized in writingby the Owner or Owner¶s representative.3. The structural members shall be fabricated in as large segments as possible tominimize field joints.4. All segments of the assembly will be welded or stamped with the appropriate partnumber in a manner that will still be visible after powder coating is applied.5. Grind all corners and sharp edges.6. The steel shall be polyester powder painted to a minimum of 3 mils.7. Steel will require abrasive blasting and primer before application of the polyester powder paint finish.

C. ALUMINUM MEMBRANE PLATES AND CLAMPS.1. Aluminum shall conform to alloy 6061-T62. All components will be welded or stamped with the appropriate part number in amanner that will still be visible after powder coating is applied.3. The aluminum shall be polyester powder painted to a minimum of 3 mils.D. CABLES AND END FITTINGS1. Galvanized Cables and Fittings:a. All structural wire rope shall be made from Wire Rope co nforming to AISISteel Cable Manual requirements with a Class A galvanized coating or



approved substitute. The cable should be IWRC improved plow steel. Allcable terminations and connectors shall be hot -dipped galvanized for corrosion

protection. Cables should be designed with a minimum safety factor of 2 on breaking

strength.

b. Cables which are designated to be prestretched shall be prestretched per

ASTM A603 for wire rope. Cables of the same type shall have the samemodulus of elasticity.c. All cables and end fittings shall be delivered clean and dry.d. All swaged and speltered fittings shall be designed and attached to developthe full breaking strength of the cable. Thimble end fittings shall develop aminimum of 110% of the cable breaking strength.e. Swaged end fittings, pins, nuts and washers shall be electro -galvanized.f. Speltered end fittings shall be hot dipped galvanized.g. Attach a tag indicating the cable length and mark number to each cableassembly.h. The design load is the load in the cable under prestressed load condition per

the recommendation of the engineer on recordi. Cables shall be tensioned to double the design load before length is cut j. Cables shall be tensioned to the design load when measuring the cut lengththat is indicated on the shop drawings2. Stainless Steel Cables and Fittings:a. Cables shall be 1x19 Stainless Steel Open Strands, Grade 316b. Cables and fittings will be fabricated per the standard operating procedures of the following approved manufacturers:� Frontier Technologies� Ronstan Internationalb. Attach a tag indicating the cable length and mark number to each cableassembly.

c. The design load is the load in the cable under prestressed load condition per the recommendation of the engineer on recordd. Cables shall be tensioned to double the design load before length is cute. Cables shall be tensioned to the design load when measuring the cut lengththat is indicated on the shop drawingsE. BOLTS AND RELATED FASTENERS1. Fasteners and hardware accessories shall be of types and sizes best suited for the purpose as recommended by the engineer on record.2. Fasteners used on main structural members shall be hot -dipped galvanizedhighstrength bolts including nuts and washers, and conforming with ASTM A325 or A490 as applicable. All other fasteners shall be adequately sized and treated for corrosion protection.

3. Concrete anchor bolts shall conform to A307 and be Hot -dipped Galvanized.2.3 FABRICATION A. In accordance with the approved manufacturer¶s standard procedures and tomatch approved samples.EXAMINATION A. Examine the conditions under which this work is to be performed and correctunsatisfactory conditions.B. Correct unsatisfactory conditions before proceeding with installation3.2 ERECTION



A. TFS Manufacturer will prepare a full and comprehensive assembly procedureguideprior to installation.B. Comply with the TFS Manufacturer recommendations, the approved shopdrawingsand the applicable Code requirements.

C. Weather Conditions: Proceed with instal lation of the fabric and associated workonlywhen existing and forecasted weather conditions will permit work to be performed inaccordance with manufacturers recommendations. The Tensioned Fabric Structureshall not be installed when wind conditions are deemed in excess of manufacturer¶sdetermination of safe wind speed erection conditions. It shall be the manufacturer¶ssole discretion to determine acceptable and safe wind condition for installation.D. Framing and structural members: Anchor bolts shall be accurately set. Uniformbearing under base plates shall be provided using non shrink grouting compoundwhere applicable. Members shall be accurately set to assure proper fitting andcovering. As erection progresses, the work shall be securely fastened t o resist thedead load and wind and erection stresses. Erected structural frame work shall beadequately guyed and secured to resist all possible loads due to wind and theinstallation process.E. Fabric: Prior to start of installation; check all surfaces of framing members andother rigid construction elements to be in contact with fabric to ensure that all edges aresmooth and well rounded. Remove any potential causes for snagging or tearing of the fabric. Properly install all connections and provide all materials and equipmentrequired for the erection and stressing of the fabric. Unroll the fabric in such amanner as to avoid snagging or dragging the fabric over sharp objects duringinstallation. Adequate fabric prestress shall be confirmed by the fabric structuremanufacturer and the appearance of the fabric membrane roof shall be smooth and

wrinkle free. Creasing or folding the fabric around sharp corners shall be avoided atall times.F. Fabric tensioning system: Cables shall be free of all kinks and b ends. Care shallbe taken not to damage cables during installation. Bolt holes shall be 1/16´ larger then the bolt, unless otherwise indicated.G. After installation, restore marred or abraded surfaces to original condition usingsame paint or coating as factory-applied finishes, when the results are acceptable tothe Architect, otherwise replace damaged equipment.



Fabrication

1 The tensile membrane structure shall be manufactured by MultimediaEngineering Pte Ltd under factory conditions. The Architect/Engineer reserves the rights to inspect all works during fabrication process prior to delivery.

2 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall employ great care in cutting thefabric to smoothed-in curves. Fabric pieces which contains faults, mis-cut, or small tears shall not be used.

3 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall cut the edges of panels to theaccuracy which consistent with the design sensitivity calculations.

4 All seams of the membrane shall be heat welded.

5 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall ensure all seams are continuouswithout gaps or trapped pockets and of uniform width. Integrity of the

coating must be maintained to ensure isolation of yarns from air andwater. Discolouration of seams, junctions and reinforcements will notbe acceptable.

6 Cable cuffs and pockets shall be bias cut strips of fabric with yarns at 45degree. The keder used for the fabric shall be minimum 10mmdiameter hard polypropylene or polyester rope.



7 The belt used for the fabric shall be woven from the high shrinkagepolyester fiber that is stiffest available and having an extension atbreak not exceeding 12%.

8 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall do the packing and delivery of

fabric with preventive measure to avoid damages to the fabric. Thefabric should be packed in crates and folded in a way to ensureminimal creases and folds.

Supporting Steelwork & Connections9 All the edges and corners of the metal works to be in contact with tensile

membrane shall be rounded to radius of at least 2mm.

10 The extruded aluminium shall not have any dents, scratches and burrs.11 The supporting structure and fabric corner plate shall be galvanized mild

steel plate painted to the colour as agreed by the Architect.

12 The structural cables and fittings shall be stainless steel. Before marking tothe length at the design load, the cable shall be immediately pre -stretched. The cable shall be fabricated with a tolerance that iscompatible to the Tensile Membrane Contractor¶s design. There shallnot be any kinking or abrasion of the cables due to the movementdeflection or other cause during handling and erection.

13 The connection fittings and shackles shall be stainless steel.

14 The fabric rigging accessories shall be stainless steel.

A. Delivery and Storage: Deliver materials to site in manufacturer's original,unopened containers and packaging, with labels clearly identifying product nameand manufacturer. Store materials in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, ina clean, dry, well ventilated area, above ground on blocking, and do not allowmaterials to become wet, stained, or dirty.B.Handling: Handle materials so as to protect materials, coatings, and finishesduring transportation and installation to prevent damage or staining. Handle fabric inaccordance with manufacturer's instructions. Use care in handling of fabric to avoiddamage to fabric material and coating. Do not damage, crush, or kink cables whereoccurs.

Installation

1 The tensile membrane structure shall be installed by MultimediaEngineering Pte Ltd. The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall, at least



one month prior to the programmed date of erection, submit theproposed erection sequence to the Engineer and Builder.

2 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall assign an experienced siteengineer to supervise the erection of the structure to ensure therecommended procedures are followed.

3 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall provide with the tender the name of the site engineer nominated to perform the said function, together withdetails of his/her qualifications and experience.

4 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall supply all necessary labour,materials and equipment for the tensile membrane structureinstallation.

5 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall inspect the level and location of connection on supporting structure to confirm that it is s uitable to

receive the tensile membrane structure.6 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall be wholly responsible for transportof the fabric to and handling on site, and employ particular measures toprevent any damage occurring to the fabric's coating or the yarns. TheTensile Membrane Contractor shall arrange for facilities to store thematerial so as to keep it clean and not damaged during delivery or before erection into position.

7 Installation shall only be carried out if the weather conditions all ows. Beforeinstalling the fabric panels, Tensile Membrane Contractor shall checkall the surfaces that are to be in contact with the fabric. The surfaceupon which any fabric is placed shall be smooth, and free from any

projections and sharp or irregular objects. Any potential cause for ripsthat may occur during installation of the fabric shall be removed. Softcushioning material shall be provided over any surface against whichthe membrane may be laid.

8 At all times, creasing the fabric or folding the fabric around sharp cornersshall be avoided. The fabric shall not be abraded in any manner, for example, by pulling tools across it or by dragging the membrane acrossthe surfaces. Those walking on the fabric shall wear appropriate softshoes.

9 Any damage to the fabric and fittings must be reported to the Architect

immediately following the occurrence. The Tensile MembraneContractor shall carry out repairs to complete the roofs, in accordancewith the specification and other contract documents. He shall alsoprovide the Architect with a method statement for such repairs. Visiblerepairs to the finished membrane will not be acceptable.

10 During the course of erection, the Tensile Membrane Contractor is to takeand record measurements of the membrane forces. The Architect shallbe given free access to this information during the course of erection.



Upon completion of the work, the Tensile Membrane Contractor shallgive the Architect a complete record copy.

Both surfaces of the fabric shall be left clean at the time of Practical Completion of

the work to the satisfaction of the Architect.

All materials used in the structure shall be new, without defects and free of repairs.The quality of the materials used shall be such that the structure is in conformancewith the performance requirements specified herein.

A. Cladding Membrane: The structure shall be clad with a PVC coated polyester fabric manufactured by an approved and reputable supplier with demonst ratedlong term performance. Laminated materials are not acceptable for use on theouter weather membrane. The PVC coated membrane fabric shall be waterproof and free from defects. All roofs, end walls and connecting sections shall beweather tight. The material will be selected from the manufacturer¶s standardcolors for the side walls and will be translucent white on the roof.

The material must be UV stabilized and flame retardant, must carry a minimumfive year manufacturer¶s warranty and must have life expectancy of 15 to 20



years. The minimum fabric specification is as follows:

PVC

coated materials may be considered, however the membrane manufacturer mustdemonstrate a minimum of fifteen years successful field experience with provision of PVC coated polyester cladding in use on structures of the type contemplated in thisspecification.B. Metal: All components of the structural framework shall be fabricated fromsteel. The primary material used in the structural arches shall be steel tubingwhich shall be to ASTM A500 specification with a minimum yield stress of 50,000 psi. Main truss chord members shall be no less than 2 3/8´ outsidediameter 11 gauge (0.120´ thick) tubing for structures under 70¶ clear span, noless than 3´ diameter 11 gauge for structures between 70¶ and 130¶ span, no lessthan 3 ½´ diameter for structures between 130¶ and 170¶ and at least 4´ minimumdiameter for structures greater than 170¶ free span. No main span tubes or any

compression member in the structural frame shall be less than 0.095´ thickness.Flat bar and other shapes shall, at a minimum, be to A36 or equal.1. Corrosion Protection: Welded steel work shall be hot dipgalvanized to ASTM A123 after manufacture to providedcorrosion protection. All other main steel components shall begalvanized to ASTM G-90 or equal.

2. Painting: Painting of steel components shall only be utilized if necessary for field repairs and shall not be employed as a factoryfinish. Should field repair be necessary, a zinc rich field coatshall be used.C. Hardware

1. Bolts: Bolts subject to extreme stress and wear shall bestructural bolts of grade A325 or equal. All other s tructuralfasteners for interior use shall be zinc plated, hot dipgalvanized or stainless steel. All bolts shall be installed andtightened per AISC Steel Manual Requirements. Those subjectto removal or adjustment shall not be swaged, peened, stakedor otherwise installed.2. Anchor Bolts: Anchor bolts shall conform to ASTM A36,



A307 or A687.3. Membrane Tensioning Hardware: The fabric membrane shallbe tensioned with load rated hardware which is hot dipgalvanized so as to prevent corrosion. Tensioning hardwareshall allow for full and free rotation at the foundationconnection so as to avoid fatigue failure of threaded

assemblies.4. Cable Assemblies: Main wind bracing cable assemblies shallbe manufactured to the required length and press swaged withstainless steel sleeves. The cables shall be properly sized withappropriate safety factors.5. Other Fasteners: Non-structural fasteners such as wood screws,tek screws, etc. shall be of standard commercial quality.6. Exterior Trim: Battens or washers used for final seal of thePVC membrane shall be either hot dip galvanized, stainlesssteel for aluminum to resist corrosion. Fasteners used for exterior trim work shall be stainless steel, zinc plated or hot dipgalvanized.

7. Purlin Spacing: Minimum purlin spacing shall be equal to or less than 7¶ for buildings with 170¶ free span or less and equalto or less than 12¶ for free spans greater than 170¶.D. Welding: Welding shall be employed only when specified in the originaldesign. Welding shall be performe d in accordance with AWS D1.1 by weldersqualified and tested to an acceptable standard. Welded joints shall be properlysized and placed. Welds shall have thorough penetration, good fusion and shallbe free from scabs, blisters, abnormal pocket marks, cra cks, voids, scab inclusion,and other defects.E. Workmanship: The workmanship of all materials and components of thestructure shall be of commercial standard quality commensurate with thefunctional requirements of the item. The basis for commercial qual ity standardsshall be:Rubb Building SystemsP.O. Box 711, 1 Rubb LaneSanford, ME 04073 USAF. Manufacturer: The structure supplier shall be a reputable manufacturer; shallhave a minimum of ten years direct experience in the design, manufacture andinstallation of structures of the type specified herein; shall operate according to acomprehensive quality system and shall provide documentary evidence asfollows:1. Provide three references with structures in use for at least five years

which exceed one hundred (100) foot clear span and which enclose inexcess of 10,000 square feet.2. Provide information of company experience and engineering andinstallation capability which meet the above experience requirements.3. Provide evidence of ISO 9000 certif ication or comparable qualitycertification.G. Piece Marking and Identification: All individual parts or bundles and packagesof identical parts are to be clearly marked or for identification or otherwiseidentified by clear installation procedures. Bolts and fasteners shall be packaged



according to type, size and length. Loose nuts and washers shall be packagedaccording to size and type.

The shipping documents shall list showing the description, quantity and piecemark of the various parts, components and elements.H. Material Delivery: The building system materials shall be delivered to the

project site during normal working hours on weekdays. Installation contractor will provide adequate workmen and equipment to promptly unload, inspect andaccept material delivery.I. Handling: The installation contractor shall be responsible for unloading, fieldstorage, protection and transfer to the work area of all materials and equipmentrequired to perform work. At no time shall materials be dropped, thrown or dragged over the transport equipment or the ground. Damage to any piece under its own superimposed weight shall be cause for repair or replacement. Materialshall be protected from standing water.J. Short, Damaged or Excess Materials: Installation cont ractor shall inspect, countand verify quantities based on the shipping documents.

FOUNDATION DESIGN

A. The building manufacturer shall provide the purchaser with a copy of thefoundation/anchoring requirements and if applicable, the anchor bolt plan, trus sand leg truss line location and reactions. The anchor bolt plan shall show theanchor bolt(s), material, number, size location, embedment, projection andspacing. Design of the foundation and/or anchoring systems for the building shallbe based on the maximum column/truss reactions as determined and provided bythe building manufacturer.

OPERATION AND USE

A. The structure shall be designed to provide a minimum of 15 year operational

use period, which shall include, if necessary, one installation/disassembly cycleper year with appropriate inspection and maintenance.B. The structure shall be capable of being assembled, operated and dismantled inall ambient temperatures between -20°F and 120°F.C. The fabric material shall be designed to withstand a maximum temperature of 150°F when stored in packing containers.D. The structure shall be designed such that a crew of five persons working with atrained supervisor can unpack and assemble the basic structure at a rate of at least2,000 square feet of surface area per day (35 square feet of structure surface areaper person hour) on a prepared surface. Disassembly shall be accomplished at arate of at least 2,500 square feet of surface area pe r day by a similar crew.E. The structure shall be capable of being erected upon various surfaces such as

natural ground, asphalt or concrete and shall also be capable of acceptingdifferential settlement up to 2-1/2% between truss positions.

Quality assurance:

TFS Manufacturer must provide proof of the following certifications:1. Have been in continuous operation as a professional fabric Tension Structuremanufacturer for a minimum of ten (10) years prior to this contract.2. Hold a valid general contractor¶s license for a minimum of five (5) years.



3. Welder Qualifications: The personnel manufacturing the metal awning framesmust be certified welders.4. Provide written Welding Procedure Specifications.5. Professional Engineer Qualifications: A p rofessional engineer who is legallyauthorized to practice in the jurisdiction where project is located and who isexperienced in providing engineering services for installing Tensioned Fabric

Structures similar to those indicated for this project and with a record of successful in service performance.6. Hold a current Los Angeles City Approved Fabricator¶s license.7. OSHA 10 Hour Construction Industry Certified Training.8. OSHA Fall Protection Training.9. Job site installation crew must include one CPR trained member on the job site atall times of the installation.10. The installation crews must have a copy of the awning company¶s Code of Safetypractices at the job site during times of installation.11. Hold daily Safety Tail Gate Meetings before sta rt of installation work.12. When forklifts are used at the job site, the operator must be Fork Lift OperationTrained.13. Certified California AB1825 Sexual Harassment Training.14. The Tensioned Fabric Structure fabricator must provide proof they have a nongoing written Quality Assurance program for 5 years or more.15. The Tension Structure fabricator must provide proof of full -time Quality Assurance manager.16. The Tension Structure manufacturer must provide proof of $4 million generalliability insurance coverage.17. The Tension Structure manufacturer must provide proof of Worker¶sCompensation Insurance Coverage.18. TFS Manufacturer is required to be a current member of a professional tradeassociation, i.e., Lightweight Structures Associatio n.

19. General contractors license in the states of California, Nevada and Arizona.20. Vehicle insurance certification.

Maintenance:

Inspection and Handover

1 Upon completion of the tensile membrane structure, the Tensile MembraneContractor shall request for the Architect/Engineer/Owner to inspectand handover.

2 There shall be no crease or patches in the tensile membrane structurewhich are visually unpleasant.



Membrane structures:

References:

1. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC):a. M016 Manual of Steel Construction

b. S326 Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel Buildingsc. S329 Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A4902. American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI):a. SG 503 Manual of Steel Construction, Ninth Edition3. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):a. A36 Structural Steelb. A 123 Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot DipGalvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Productsc. A 307 Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 psi TensileStrengthd. A325 High-Strength Bolts for Structural Steel Joints

Scope of work: The scope of work includes the design, supply, fabrication and installation of PVDF

Coated PVC tensile membrane, complete with associated support structures to

provide a total installation, fully in conformity with the requirements and intent of the

drawings and specifications herein.

1. This specification covers the design, manufacture, shipping andhandling and erection of a Relocatable, prefabricated tensionmembrane structure.2. The structure membrane shall be tensioned over the framework. The

structure shall be rectangular in shape. The side and gable walls of thestructure shall be vertical. The interior of the structure below the mainarch shall be clear and free of any structural members and shallprovide unobstructed floor space.3. The structure shall also include accessories and items required andnecessary for the scope and intended use and as herein specified.These may include:a. Personnel access, industrial roll up and aircraft hangar doors.b. Electrical systems including interior lighting.c. Ventilation Systems.

Requirements:

Design Requirements ± Structural Frame1. Roof and Wall Surfaces: To provide for maximum compatibility with standard door,window, ventilation and other accessory and cladding systems, the structure shall bedesigned such that the roof and gable side wall surfaces form flat planes.2. Purlin Spacing: To provide for structural stability, to minimize unsupported areasof membrane fabric in the roof and to provide for installation of accessory items, themain structural trusses shall be laterally braced by tubular purlins. (See Part 1.8, CPara. 7).



3. Wind and Frame Bracing: The structure shall be appropriately stabilized with mainwind bracing cable or rod assemblies as well as any required secondary noderestraint assemblies so as to efficiently transfer wind, snow and seismic inducedstresses to the foundation/anchoring system. Cable diameters for main wind bracingshall be a minimum of 3/8´ diameter for structures under 130¶ span. For structuresbetween 130¶ and 200¶ span, cable diameters should be a minimum of ½´ and for

structures over 200¶ span, cable diameters should be a minimum of 5/8´. The endbays of the structure shall be designed to be ³X´ braced early during installation toallow for permanent stability of the frame as early as practicable during theinstallation process. The structural frame shall be provided with engineeredattachment clips or lugs for all main cable assemblies. These clips shall be aminimum 3/8´ thick A36 steel and shall be designed to properly transfer wind bracingforces within the structural frame.4. Connecting Joints: Connections for structural elements and PVC membrane shallbe properly designed with required safety factors so as to transfer all the maximumforces present in a given joint. For spans less than or equal to 90¶, a minimum of two5/8´ diameter A325 bolts or one ¾´ diameter A325 bolts shall be used at each maintruss chord joint. For spans greater than 90¶ and less than or equal to 170¶ ,

a minimum of two ¾´ diameter A325 bolts shall be used at each main truss chord joint. For spans greater than 170¶, a minimum of two 1´ diameter A325 bolts shall beused at each main truss chord joint. Where sleeve joints are used, the material shallbe appropriately sized and reinforced so as to avoid sheer failure of the material.Primary axial steel connections shall also be made with bolts of at least 5/8´diameter grade A325. Secondary purlins shall be secured by no less than ½´diameter bolts.5. Mechanical Equipment Interface: The main structural roof trusses shall allow for installation of electrical and mechanical equi pment between the inner and outer surfaces of the truss framework. Likewise, the structure shall accept penetrationsthrough the membrane for access doors and mechanical services with minimalmodification.6. Alternative Cladding Materials: The structure s hall be designed such thatalternative covering materials such as metal roof and/or wall cladding can be addedwith minimal modification, if required.7. Shipping: The main structural trusses shall be two dimensional, planar trusseswhich nest tightly together in order to minimize shipping and storage volume.8. Ancillary Systems: The structure shall be designed such that it can be readilyretrofitted with insulation systems and other ancillary systems such as lighting,sprinklers, HVAC, etc. as required.

D. Design Requirements ± PVC Coated Membrane Cladding System1. Continuous, Weather Tight Membrane: The structure membrane shall form a

continuous, uninterrupted weather tight shell over the framework. In order to providefor a good finished appearance and to insure weather tightness, the gable wall PVCcladding shall be manufactured so as to be connected in one piece to the adjacentside wall and roof cladding without the use of catenary cables.2. Cladding Section Joints: Adjacent PVC cladding sections sh all either lace together with a minimum ¼´ white polyester rope or be provided with a mechanical tensioningsystem so as to maintain PVC tension along the length of the building. Proper gapsshall be maintained between sections so as to allow sufficient distance to enable fulltensioning of the material.



3. Overlap Seams: The membrane system shall be designed such that the PVCcladding panels can be supplied with optional overlap joints to allow adjacent panelsto be field heat sealed together.4. Base Tensioning System: The PVC cladding will be provided with a mechanicaltensioning system that allows the PVC to be fully tensioned around the structureperimeter. The system will be designed such that the membrane can be tightly and

neatly secured over the structural frame and such that the system has remainingrange of adjustment.5. Membrane Seal at Openings and Base: The structure supplier will provide allmaterials and methods necessary to fully tension and seal the membrane materialaround all door, ventilation and other openings as well as around the structureperimeter below the main tensioning system. This seal shall provide a neat finishedappearance and eliminate any loose PVC cladding that could otherwise be damagedby flapping or abrasion. When a PVC base skirt is required, this shall be suppliedseparately from the main PVC cladding and attached at the base perimeter so as toallow a reasonable seal against air and water intrusion.6. Design Safety Factor: The PVC membrane shall be designed to allow a factor of safety at design loads of at least three (3) times the theoretical design strength of the

PVC material.7. The structure membrane shall not be designed to function as a structural member such that, should any damage to or penetrations of the membrane occur, theintegrity of the structural framework shall not be affected.

Material:

A. APPROVED ARCHITECTURAL FABRIC MEMBRANE MATERIALS

1. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)a. Raw Material: Polyester b. Construction: PVC/PVDF Coated Polyester c. Tensile Strength: to meet requirements of engineer d. Light Transmission: 8% - 14%, depending on required strengthe. Color: Whitef. Expected service life: 7 ± 10 yearsg. Flame retardant: NFPA 701h. Composure: Solid and water repellenti. Seams: RF Sealed with sufficient strength to develop 90 percent of fullstrength of fabric j. Recyclable material construction2. PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) coated Fiberglassa. Base Fabric: Woven "EC6" glass.

b. Coating: PTFE.c. Tensile Strength: as required by engineer d. Combustibility: Non-combustible substrate when tested in accordance with ASTM E 136.e. Intermittent Flaming: Class A, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 108.f. Flame Spread: Class A, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.g. Flame Retardancy: Passing NFPA 701.h. Solar Transmission: 19 percent, minimum.



approved substitute. The cable should be IWRC improved plow steel. Allcable terminations and connectors shall be hot -dipped galvanized for corrosion

protection. Cables should be designed with a minimum safety factor of 2 on breaking

strength.

b. Cables which are designated to be prestretched shall be prestretched per

ASTM A603 for wire rope. Cables of the same type shall have the samemodulus of elasticity.c. All cables and end fittings shall be delivered clean and dry.d. All swaged and speltered fittings shall be designed and attached to developthe full breaking strength of the cable. Thimble end fittings shall develop aminimum of 110% of the cable breaking strength.e. Swaged end fittings, pins, nuts and washers shall be electro -galvanized.f. Speltered end fittings shall be hot dipped galvanized.g. Attach a tag indicating the cable length and mark number to each cableassembly.h. The design load is the load in the cable under prestressed load condition per the recommendation of the engineer on recordi. Cables shall be tensioned to double the design load before length is cut j. Cables shall be tensioned to the design load whe n measuring the cut lengththat is indicated on the shop drawings2. Stainless Steel Cables and Fittings:a. Cables shall be 1x19 Stainless Steel Open Strands, Grade 316b. Cables and fittings will be fabricated per the standard operating procedures of the following approved manufacturers:� Frontier Technologies� Ronstan Internationalb. Attach a tag indicating the cable length and mark number to each cableassembly.

c. The design load is the load in the cable under prestressed load condition per the recommendation of the engineer on recordd. Cables shall be tensioned to double the design load before length is cute. Cables shall be tensioned to the design load when measuring the cut lengththat is indicated on the shop drawingsE. BOLTS AND RELATED FASTENERS1. Fasteners and hardware accessories shall be of types and sizes best suited for the purpose as recommended by the engineer on record.2. Fasteners used on main structural members shall be hot -dipped galvanizedhighstrength bolts including nuts and washers, and conforming with ASTM A325 or A490 as applicable. All other fasteners shall be adequately sized and treated for corrosion protection.

3. Concrete anchor bolts shall conform to A307 and be Hot -dipped Galvanized.2.3 FABRICATION A. In accordance with the approved manufacturer¶s standard procedures and tomatch approved samples.EXAMINATION A. Examine the conditions under which this work is to be performed and correctunsatisfactory conditions.B. Correct unsatisfactory conditions before proceeding with installation3.2 ERECTION



A. TFS Manufacturer will prepare a full and comprehensive assembly procedureguideprior to installation.B. Comply with the TFS Manufacturer recommendations, the approved shopdrawingsand the applicable Code requirements.

C. Weather Conditions: Proceed with installation of the fabric and associated workonlywhen existing and forecasted weather conditions will permit work to be performed inaccordance with manufacturers recommendations. The Tensioned Fabric Structureshall not be installed when wind conditions are deemed in excess of manufacturer¶sdetermination of safe wind speed erection conditions. It shall be the manufacturer¶ssole discretion to determine acceptable and safe wind condition for installation.D. Framing and structural members: Anchor bolts shall be accurately set. Uniformbearing under base plates shall be provided using non shrink grouting compoundwhere applicable. Members shall be accurately set to assure proper fitting andcovering. As erection progresses, the work shall be securely fastened to resist thedead load and wind and erection stresses. Erected structural frame work shall be

adequately guyed and secured to resist all possible loads due to wind and theinstallation process.E. Fabric: Prior to start of installation; check all surfaces of framing members andother rigid construction elements to be in contact with fabric to ensure that all edges aresmooth and well rounded. Remove any potential causes for snagging or tearing of the fabric. Properly install all connections and provide all materials and equipmentrequired for the erection and stressing of the fabric. Unroll the fabric in such amanner as to avoid snagging or dragging the fabric over sharp objects duringinstallation. Adequate fabric prestress shall be confirmed by the fabric structuremanufacturer and the appearance of the fabric membrane roof shall be smooth andwrinkle free. Creasing or folding the fabric around sharp corners shall be avoided atall times.F. Fabric tensioning system: Cables shall be free of all kinks and bends. Care shallbe taken not to damage cables during installation. Bolt holes shall be 1/16´ larger then the bolt, unless otherwise indicated.G. After installation, restore marred or abraded surfa ces to original condition usingsame paint or coating as factory-applied finishes, when the results are acceptable tothe Architect, otherwise replace damaged equipment.



Fabrication

1 The tensile membrane structure shall be manufactured by MultimediaEngineering Pte Ltd under factory conditions. The Architect/Engineer reserves the rights to inspect all works during fabrication process prior to delivery.

2 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall employ great care in cutting thefabric to smoothed-in curves. Fabric pieces which contains faults, mis-cut, or small tears shall not be used.

3 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall cut the edges of panels to theaccuracy which consistent with the design sensitivity calculations.

4 All seams of the membrane shall be heat welded.

5 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall ensure all seams are continuouswithout gaps or trapped pockets and of uniform width. Integrity of thecoating must be maintained to ensure isolation of yarns from air andwater. Discolouration of seams, junctions and reinforcements will not

be acceptable.

6 Cable cuffs and pockets shall be bias cut strips of fabric with yarns at 45degree. The keder used for the fabric shall be minimum 10mmdiameter hard polypropylene or polyester rope.

7 The belt used for the fabric shall be woven from the high shrinkagepolyester fiber that is stiffest available and having an extension atbreak not exceeding 12%.



8 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall do the packing and delivery of

fabric with preventive measure to avoid damages to the fabric. Thefabric should be packed in crates and folded in a way to ensureminimal creases and folds.

Supporting Steelwork & Connections9 All the edges and corners of the metal works to be in contact with tensile

membrane shall be rounded to radius of at least 2mm.

10 The extruded aluminium shall not have any dents, scratches and burrs.11 The supporting structure and fabric corner plate shall be galvanized mild

steel plate painted to the colour as agreed by the Architect.

12 The structural cables and fittings shall be stainless steel. Before marking tothe length at the design load, the cable shall be immediately pre -stretched. The cable shall be fabricated with a tolerance that is

compatible to the Tensile Membrane Contractor¶s design. There shallnot be any kinking or abrasion of the cables due to the movementdeflection or other cause during handling and erection.

13 The connection fittings and shackles shall be stainless steel.

14 The fabric rigging accessories shall be stainless steel.

A. Delivery and Storage: Deliver materials to site in manufacturer's original,unopened containers and packaging, with labels clearly identifying product nameand manufacturer. Store materials in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, ina clean, dry, well ventilated area, above ground on blocking, and do not allowmaterials to become wet, stained, or dirty.B.Handling: Handle materials so as to protect materials, coatings, and finishesduring transportation and installation to prevent damage or staining. Handle fabric inaccordance with manufacturer's instructions. Use care in handling of fabric to avoiddamage to fabric material and coating. Do not damage, crush, or kink cables whereoccurs.

Installation

1 The tensile membrane structure shall be installed by Multimedia

Engineering Pte Ltd. The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall, at leastone month prior to the programmed date of erection, submit theproposed erection sequence to the Engineer and Builder.

2 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall assign an experienced siteengineer to supervise the erection of the structure to ensure therecommended procedures are followed.



3 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall provide with the tender the name of the site engineer nominated to perform the said function, together withdetails of his/her qualifications and experience.

4 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall supply all necessary labour,materials and equipment for the tensile membrane structureinstallation.

5 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall inspect the level and location of connection on supporting structure to confirm that it is suitable toreceive the tensile membrane structure.

6 The Tensile Membrane Contractor shall be wholly responsible for tra nsportof the fabric to and handling on site, and employ particular measures toprevent any damage occurring to the fabric's coating or the yarns. TheTensile Membrane Contractor shall arrange for facilities to store thematerial so as to keep it clean and not damaged during delivery or before erection into position.

7 Installation shall only be carried out if the weather conditions allows. Before

installing the fabric panels, Tensile Membrane Contractor shall checkall the surfaces that are to be in contact with the fabric. The surfaceupon which any fabric is placed shall be smooth, and free from anyprojections and sharp or irregular objects. Any potential cause for ripsthat may occur during installation of the fabric shall be removed. Softcushioning material shall be provided over any surface against whichthe membrane may be laid.

8 At all times, creasing the fabric or folding the fabric around sharp cornersshall be avoided. The fabric shall not be abraded in any manner, for example, by pulling tools across it or by dragging the membrane acrossthe surfaces. Those walking on the fabric shall wear appropriate softshoes.

9 Any damage to the fabric and fittings must be reported to the Architectimmediately following the occurrence. The Tensile Membr aneContractor shall carry out repairs to complete the roofs, in accordancewith the specification and other contract documents. He shall alsoprovide the Architect with a method statement for such repairs. Visiblerepairs to the finished membrane will not be acceptable.

10 During the course of erection, the Tensile Membrane Contractor is to takeand record measurements of the membrane forces. The Architect shallbe given free access to this information during the course of erection.Upon completion of the work, the Tensile Membrane Contractor shall

give the Architect a complete record copy.Both surfaces of the fabric shall be left clean at the time of Practical Completion of

the work to the satisfaction of the Architect.



All materials used in the structure shall be new, without defects and free of repairs.The quality of the materials used shall be such that the structure is in conformancewith the performance requirements specified herein. A. Cladding Membrane: The structure shall be clad with a PVC co ated polyester fabric manufactured by an approved and reputable supplier with demonstratedlong term performance. Laminated materials are not acceptable for use on theouter weather membrane. The PVC coated membrane fabric shall be waterproof and free from defects. All roofs, end walls and connecting sections shall beweather tight. The material will be selected from the manufacturer¶s standardcolors for the side walls and will be translucent white on the roof.

The material must be UV stabilized and flame retardant, must carry a minimumfive year manufacturer¶s warranty and must have life expectancy of 15 to 20years. The minimum fabric specification is as follows:



galvanized.

7. Purlin Spacing: Minimum purlin spacing shall be equal to or less than 7¶ for buildings with 170¶ free span or less and equalto or less than 12¶ for free spans greater than 170¶.D. Welding: Welding shall be employed only when specified in the original

design. Welding shall be performed in accordance with AWS D1.1 by weldersqualified and tested to an acceptable standard. Welded joints shall be properlysized and placed. Welds shall have thorough penetration, good fusion and shallbe free from scabs, blisters, abnormal pocket marks, cracks, voids, scab inclusion,and other defects.E. Workmanship: The workmanship of all materials and components of thestructure shall be of commercial standard quality commensurate with thefunctional requirements of the item. The basis for comme rcial quality standardsshall be:Rubb Building SystemsP.O. Box 711, 1 Rubb LaneSanford, ME 04073 USA

F. Manufacturer: The structure supplier shall be a reputable manufacturer; shallhave a minimum of ten years direct experience in the design, manufactur e andinstallation of structures of the type specified herein; shall operate according to acomprehensive quality system and shall provide documentary evidence asfollows:1. Provide three references with structures in use for at least five yearswhich exceed one hundred (100) foot clear span and which enclose inexcess of 10,000 square feet.2. Provide information of company experience and engineering andinstallation capability which meet the above experience requirements.3. Provide evidence of ISO 9000 certification or comparable qualitycertification.G. Piece Marking and Identification: All individual parts or bundles and packagesof identical parts are to be clearly marked or for identification or otherwiseidentified by clear installation procedu res. Bolts and fasteners shall be packagedaccording to type, size and length. Loose nuts and washers shall be packagedaccording to size and type.

The shipping documents shall list showing the description, quantity and piecemark of the various parts, components and elements.H. Material Delivery: The building system materials shall be delivered to theproject site during normal working hours on weekdays. Installation contractor will provide adequate workmen and equipment to promptly unload, inspect andaccept material delivery.I. Handling: The installation contractor shall be responsible for unloading, fieldstorage, protection and transfer to the work area of all materials and equipmentrequired to perform work. At no time shall materials be dropped, thr own or dragged over the transport equipment or the ground. Damage to any piece under its own superimposed weight shall be cause for repair or replacement. Materialshall be protected from standing water.J. Short, Damaged or Excess Materials: Installation contractor shall inspect, countand verify quantities based on the shipping documents.



FOUNDATION DESIGN

A. The building manufacturer shall provide the purchaser with a copy of thefoundation/anchoring requirements and if applicable, the anchor bolt plan, trussand leg truss line location and reactions. The anchor bolt plan shall show theanchor bolt(s), material, number, size location, embedment, projection andspacing. Design of the foundation and/or anchoring systems for the building shall

be based on the maximum column/truss reactions as determined and provided bythe building manufacturer.

OPERATION AND USE

A. The structure shall be designed to provide a minimum of 15 year operationaluse period, which shall include, if necessary, one installation/disas sembly cycleper year with appropriate inspection and maintenance.B. The structure shall be capable of being assembled, operated and dismantled inall ambient temperatures between -20°F and 120°F.C. The fabric material shall be designed to withstand a ma ximum temperature of 150°F when stored in packing containers.

D. The structure shall be designed such that a crew of five persons working with atrained supervisor can unpack and assemble the basic structure at a rate of at least2,000 square feet of surface area per day (35 square feet of structure surface areaper person hour) on a prepared surface. Disassembly shall be accomplished at arate of at least 2,500 square feet of surface area per day by a similar crew.E. The structure shall be capable of being erected upon various surfaces such asnatural ground, asphalt or concrete and shall also be capable of acceptingdifferential settlement up to 2-1/2% between truss positions.

Quality assurance:

TFS Manufacturer must provide proof of the following certifi cations:

1. Have been in continuous operation as a professional fabric Tension Structuremanufacturer for a minimum of ten (10) years prior to this contract.2. Hold a valid general contractor¶s license for a minimum of five (5) years.3. Welder Qualifications: The personnel manufacturing the metal awning framesmust be certified welders.4. Provide written Welding Procedure Specifications.5. Professional Engineer Qualifications: A professional engineer who is legallyauthorized to practice in the jurisdiction where project is located and who isexperienced in providing engineering services for installing Tensioned FabricStructures similar to those indicated for this project and with a record of successful in service performance.6. Hold a current Los Angeles City Approved Fabricator¶s license.7. OSHA 10 Hour Construction Industry Certified Training.8. OSHA Fall Protection Training.9. Job site installation crew must include one CPR trained member on the job site atall times of the installation.10. The installation crews must have a copy of the awning company¶s Code of Safetypractices at the job site during times of installation.11. Hold daily Safety Tail Gate Meetings before start of installation work.12. When forklifts are used at the job site, the operator must be Fork Lift Operation



Trained.13. Certified California AB1825 Sexual Harassment Training.14. The Tensioned Fabric Structure fabricator must provide proof they have anongoing written Quality Assurance program for 5 years or more.15. The Tension Structure fabricator must provide proof of full -time Quality Assurance manager.

16. The Tension Structure manufacturer must provide proof of $4 million generalliability insurance coverage.17. The Tension Structure manufacturer must provi de proof of Worker¶sCompensation Insurance Coverage.18. TFS Manufacturer is required to be a current member of a professional tradeassociation, i.e., Lightweight Structures Association.19. General contractors license in the states of California, Nevada and Arizona.20. Vehicle insurance certification.

Maintenance:

Inspection and Handover

1 Upon completion of the tensile membrane structure, the Tensile MembraneContractor shall request for the Architect/Engineer/Owner to inspectand handover.

2 There shall be no crease or patches in the tensile membrane structurewhich are visually unpleasant.

glass blocks and membrane structures

Documents