glaciers. how glaciers form form when snowfall exceeds melting. the heat and pressure from the mass...
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Glaciers
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How Glaciers Form• Form when snowfall
exceeds melting.• The heat and
pressure from the mass cause a slight melting which lubricates the bottom of the glacier.
• Gravity pulls it down making it flow.
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Glacial Zones• Firn Line – snowline
from previous seasons (firn) that divides the glacier.
• Zone of Accumulation – colder upper portion of glacier where snowfall exceeds melting.
• Zone of Ablation – warmer lower portion of glacier where melting exceeds snowfall.
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Crevasse: Formed when the glacier flows over a bump or ridge causing the brittle surface to flex and form deep cracks.
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Moraines• Lateral Moraine –
rock debris on side of glacier
• Terminal Moraine – debris at end of glacier.
• Medial Moraine – debris lines formed where two glaciers meet.
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Features of Glacial Landscapes
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Cirque
• Bowl shaped head of an active or former glacier
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Horn
• Sharply pointed mounting peak bounded by three or more cirques.
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Hanging Valley
• A valley left by tributary valley where it meets a much larger glacier.
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Glacial Erosion• Glaciers form giant U shaped valleys instead of
steep V shaped ones that fast flowing rivers carve.
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Fjord: Narrow inlets from the ocean that were once occupied by valley glaciers.
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Loess
• Fine grained glacial silt, also called rock flour.
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Glacial Erratics
Boulders that are transported and deposited by a retreating glacier.
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Types of Glaciers
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Tropical Glaciers• Occur in the tropics in Peru, New Guinea and Africa• Appear to be disappearing fast with warming
climate
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Icefield• Large area of valley glaciers that connect together.• Harding Icefield on the Kenai Peninsula is one.
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Icefield at Mt Kilimanjaro, Africa
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Alpine Glaciers• Form at high altitudes in places where the winter
snow does not melt.
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Valley Glacier
• Flows for almost all its length in a mountain valley
• Matanuska Glacier is an example.
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Outlet Glacier• A valley glacier pouring out of an icefield.• Exit Glacier is an example.
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Tidewater Glacier• Has a terminus (end) at a large body of water that
constantly melts causing large chunks to fall off (calving).
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Icebergs
• Break off of tidewater glaciers and continental glaciers.
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