glacial landscapes · hanging valley •when a valley glacier cuts a cliff off of an adjacent...
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Glacial Landscapes
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Crevasse • Deep open cracks in glacial ice
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Headwall – Steep cliff that forms at the head of the glacier
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Cirque – Semi-circular depression carved out by a glacier
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• Small mountain lake perched on within a cirque that is dammed up by a moraine
Tarn
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Tarn Formation
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Glacial Scouring – Scrape marks left by the movement of the glacier
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Glacial scrape marks on a boulder – all soil removed
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Cirque
Headwall
Tarns
Moraine
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Arete and Horns
Arete- A long ridge formed by ice scraping on two sides
Horn- A high peak carved by glaciers on all sides
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U-Shaped ValleyValley glaciers carve out the bottom of valleys
into a smooth U-shape.
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Fjord- a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs
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Hanging Valley
• When a valley glacier cuts a cliff off of an adjacent valley, resulting in a waterfall.
U-shaped valley
Waterfall dropping off the hanging valley
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Glacial Moraine• A debris pile formed by ice as it plucks rocks from the
surface, transports it, and moves it to the edges.
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Types of Moraines
• Terminal moraines form at the end or toe of the glacier
• Lateral moraines form along the edges
• Medial moraines form at the junction of two glaciers
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Lateral Moraine
Tarn
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Can You Spot the Cirques, Tarns, and Moraines in the Olympic Mountains?
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Pro-glacial Lake
• Forms from meltwater at the toe of a glacier or from a glacial dam blocking a river.
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Kettle Lakes
• Formed when pieces of glacial ice, embedded in glacial debris, melt, creating a hole that fills with water.
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A Kettle Lake in Massachusetts
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Drumlins
• Linear hills formed by the advancement and retreat of glaciers.
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Seattle’s Hills Are Drumlins
• Green Lake is a Kettle Lake
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Green Lake in Seattle is a Kettle Lake
Queen Anne HillCapitol Hill
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