gis tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –main channel banks (optional) - ineffective...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis
http://resources.arcgis.com/en/communities/hydro/
![Page 2: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Digital Elevation Models
Elevation data in raster format – GIS analysis
![Page 3: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
![Page 4: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
DEM in Grid Ascii format
ncols 2218 nrows 2013 xllcorner 203315.48791178 yllcorner 905650.13397789 cellsize 8.8654680523268 NODATA_value -9999 5.27725 55.36783 55.52513 55.79526 … 57.22343 57.69468 58.06146 58.32586 … …
![Page 5: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Scale
![Page 6: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Datums
• Define the shape of the earth
– Ellipsoid (size and shape)
– Origin and Orientation (aligns ellipsoid to best fit for region of work)
http://www.icsm.gov.au/mapping/datums1.html
![Page 7: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Projections
Displaying the earth on 2 dimensional maps
The “World From Space” Projection from ESRI, centered at 72 West and 23 South. This approximates the view of the earth from the sun on the winter solstice at noon in Cambridge, MA
![Page 8: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Map projections
• Spatial relationship between locations on earth and their relative locations on a flat map
• Mathematical expression
• Cause distortion of one or more map properties (scale, distance, direction, shape)
![Page 9: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Map projection classifications based on distortion characteristics
Conformal – maintains local shapes and angular relationships
Ex: Mercator projection: Equal-Area – maintains areas Ex: Albers Equal-Area
Conic projection: Equidistant – distance from a single
location to all other locations are preserved
Azimuthal – maintains accurate
directions from a single location to all other
![Page 10: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Q: Why project data?
A: Accurate calculations with GIS software
![Page 11: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Choosing projections
• Look at maps
• USA: State Plane
• World: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) - maintain area when east-west width < 6 degrees longitude.
![Page 12: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
UTM Zones
Numbered 1 through 60 from Longitude 180
![Page 13: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
UTM projection
• Conformal (area preserved within zones)
• Cylindrical surface
• Zones - 6 degrees of longitude wide
![Page 14: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Data integrity matters
• Look at metadata for reported errors.
• Raster data needs sinks identified and filled for hydrology analysis.
![Page 15: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ArcGIS Tools
• Projections
• Fill Sinks
• Flow Direction
• Flow Accumulation
• Stream Definition
• Watershed Delineation
![Page 16: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Flow Direction
• Finds drainage networks and divides
• Direction determined by elevation of surrounding cells (water flows into only 1 cell – the one with the lowest elevation surrounding each cell)
![Page 17: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Eight Direction Flow Direction Model
32
64
128
16
1
8
4
2
![Page 18: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Flow Accumulation
• Number of cells contributing to runoff into a given cell
![Page 19: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Finding watersheds
• Find all cells that flow into a chosen source cell.
![Page 20: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Finding drainage networks
![Page 21: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Geodatabases for data model
• Holds and manages collection of datasets
• Used to define spatial and tabular behavior Topology relationships
Attribute relationships
Domains and subtypes
Networks
![Page 22: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ArcHydro • Describes geospatial and temporal data
• Addresses 3 questions:
– What are the water resource features of the landscape:
– How does water move through the system?
– What are the time patterns of water flow and water quality?
![Page 23: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
HEC-GeoHMS
• Transforms drainage paths and watershed boundaries into a hydrologic data structure that represents the drainage network
• Allows users to: – visualize spatial information
– document watershed characteristics
– perform spatial analysis
– delineate sub-basins and streams
![Page 24: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
HEC-GeoRAS http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-georas/
• Create line themes for input to HEC-RAS as RAS Themes
– Stream Centerline - Land Use
– Flow Path Centerlines (optional) - Levee Alignment
– Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas
– Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas
• Water surface profile data and velocity data exported from HEC-RAS simulations are processed by HEC-GeoRAS for GIS analysis
– floodplain mapping
– flood damage computations
– ecosystem restoration
– flood warning response
![Page 25: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Using GIS with US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering
Center (HEC) Software
• HEC-GEOHMS http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-geohms/documentation/HEC-GeoHMS_Users_Manual_10.1.pdf
• HEC-GEORAS http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-georas/documentation/HEC-GeoRAS_43_Users_Manual.pdf
![Page 26: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-hms/
• designed to simulate the precipitation-runoff processes of dendritic watershed systems.
![Page 27: GIS tools for surface water modeling and analysis · –Main Channel Banks (optional) - Ineffective Flow Areas –Cross Section Cut Lines - Storage Areas •Water surface profile](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022041502/5e22c928d8f0d316737b9867/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/
• performs one-
dimensional steady flow, unsteady flow, sediment transport/mobile bed computations, and water temperature modeling.