giao trinh luat to tung hinh s.unlocked

7/24/2019 Giao Trinh Luat to Tung Hinh s.unlocked

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TRNG I HC CN TH

KHOA LUT

Gio trnh

LUT TTNG HNH SVIT NAM

Bin son: Mc Ging Chu

2006


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MC LC

TrangCHNG 1

NHNG VN CHUNG CA LUT TTNG HNH S.............. 1

BI 1. KHI NIM, NHIM V V CC NGUYN TC C BN CA

LUT TTNG HNH S..................................................................................1

I.KHI NIM CHUNG ........................................................................................................ 1

1. Mt skhi nim cbn trong ttng hnh s...............................................................1

1.1. Ttng hnh s .........................................................................................................1

1.2. Thtc ttng hnh s .............................................................................................11.3. Giai on ttng.......................................................................................................1

1.4. Lut ttng hnh s ..................................................................................................2

2. i tng iu chnh v phng php iu chnh .......................................................... 2

2.1. i tng iu chnh ................................................................................................2

2.2. Phng php iu chnh ..........................................................................................3

3. Mi quan hgia khoa hc lut ttng hnh sv cc ngnh khoa hc khc c

lin quan.........................................................................................................................5

II. NHIM VV CC NGUYN TC CBN CA LUT TTNG HNH

S....................................................................................................................................5

1. Nhim vca Blut ttng hnh s .............................................................................5

2. Cc nguyn tc cbn ca lut ttng hnh s ..............................................................6

2.1. Cc nguyn tc bo m php chtrong hot ng ttng .....................................6

2.2. Cc nguyn tc bo m quyn v li ch ca cng dn ..........................................7

2.3. Cc nguyn tc bo m tnh chnh xc, khch quan ca hot ng ttng

hnh s ....................................................................................................................12

2.4. Cc nguyn tc bo m tnh dn chtrong hot ng ttng..............................14

2.5. Nguyn tc bo m hiu lc ca bn n v quyt nh ca Ta n ......................16

2.6. Nguyn tc thc hin chhai cp xt x ...........................................................16


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2.7. Nguyn tc vvic gii quyt vn dn strong vn hnh s..........................17

3. Hiu lc ca Blut ttng hnh s .............................................................................17

BI 2. CQUAN TIN HNH TTNG, NGI TIN HNH TTNG,

NGI THAM GIA TTNG.........................................................................19I. CQUAN TIN HNH TTNG...............................................................................19

1. Khi nim ...................................................................................................................... 19

2. Cc cquan tin hnh ttng .......................................................................................19

2.1. Cquan iu tra......................................................................................................19

2.2. Vin kim st .......................................................................................................... 25

2.3. Ta n......................................................................................................................26

II. NGI TIN HNH TTNG ..................................................................................27

1. Khi nim ...................................................................................................................... 27

2. Nhng ngi tin hnh ttng......................................................................................27

2.1. Thtrng, Ph Thtrng Cquan iu tra, iu tra vin ................................27

2.2. Vin trng, Ph Vin trng Vin kim st, Kim st vin.................................30

2.3. Chnh n, Ph Chnh n Ta n, Thm phn, Hi thm, Thk Ta n.............. 33

3. Thay i ngi tin hnh ttng ..................................................................................37III. NGI THAM GIA TTNG...................................................................................39

1. Khi nim ...................................................................................................................... 39

2. Nhng ngi tham gia ttng cth ............................................................................39

2.1. Ngi tham gia ttng bo vquyn v li ch php l lin quan n v

n....................................................................................................................................39

2.2. Ngi tham gia ttng theo ngha vphp l ....................................................... 44

2.3. Ngi tham gia ttng htrphp l cho nhng ngi tham gia ttngkhc ................................................................................................................................46

BI 3. CHNG CTRONG TTNG HNH S......................................................54

I. KHI NIM CHUNG VCHNG C.........................................................................54

1. nh ngha vchng c.................................................................................................54


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2. Thuc tnh ca chng c ...............................................................................................54

3. Phn loi chng c ........................................................................................................55

3.1. Chng ctrc tip v chng cgin tip............................................................... 55

3.2. Chng cgc v chng csao chp li, thut li .................................................. 55

3.3. Chng cbuc ti v chng cgti....................................................................56

3.4. Chng cvt thv chng cphi vt th ..............................................................57

II. VN CHNG MINH ..............................................................................................57

1. i tng chng minh...................................................................................................57

2. Ngha vchng minh ....................................................................................................58

3. Qu trnh chng minh....................................................................................................59

III. CC PHNG TIN CHNG MINH........................................................................ 61

1. Vt chng ......................................................................................................................61

2. Li khai..........................................................................................................................64

3. Kt lut gim nh .........................................................................................................65

4. Bin bn v cc ti liu khc ...........................................................................................65

BI 4. CC BIN PHP NGN CHN........................................................................66

I. KHI NIM V CC CN CP DNG CC BIN PHP NGN CHN.......... 661. Khi nim ...................................................................................................................... 66

2. Cn cp dng cc bin php ngn chn......................................................................66

3. Tnh cht v ngha ca nhng bin php ngn chn ..................................................69

II. CC BIN PHP NGN CHN CTH ..................................................................69

1. Bt ngi ....................................................................................................................... 69

1.1. Bt bcan, bco tm giam................................................................................69

1.2. Bt ngi trong trng hp khn cp .....................................................................71

1.3. Bt ngi phm ti qutang hoc ang b truy n.................................................72

2. Tm gi..........................................................................................................................73

3. Tm giam.......................................................................................................................74

4. Cm i khi ni ctr...................................................................................................77


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5. Bo lnh..........................................................................................................................78

6. t tin hoc ti sn c gi trbo m....................................................................79

III. VIC HY BV THAY THCC BIN PHP NGN CHN ..........................80

CHNG II

CC GIAI ON TTNG HNH S................................ 82

BI 5. KHI TVN HNH S................................................................................82

I. KHI NIM CHUNG .....................................................................................................82

1. Khi nim ...................................................................................................................... 82

2. Nhim vca giai on khi tvn hnh s..............................................................83

3. c im........................................................................................................................84

II. CN CKHI TVN HNH S.........................................................................84

1. Cn ckhi tvn hnh s ....................................................................................84

1.1. Tgic ca cng dn ..............................................................................................84

1.2. Tin bo ca cquan, tchc ..................................................................................85

1.3. Tin bo trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng ..................................................85

1.4. C quan iu tra, Vin kim st, Ta n, B i bin phng, Hi quan,Kim lm, lc lng cnh st bin v cc cquan khc ca Cng an nhn

dn, Qun i nhn dn c giao nhim v tin hnh mt s hot ng

iu tra trc tip pht hin du hiu ca ti phm .................................................86

1.5. Ngi phm ti tth.............................................................................................86

2. Cn ckhng khi tvn hnh s..............................................................................87

2.1. Khng c svic phm ti .....................................................................................87

2.2. Hnh vi khng cu thnh ti phm .........................................................................87

2.3. Ngi thc hin hnh vi nguy him cho x hi cha n tui chu trch

nhim hnh s .........................................................................................................88

2.4. Ngi m hnh vi phm ti ca h c bn n hoc quyt nh nh chv

n c hiu lc php lut..........................................................................................88

2.5. ht thi hiu truy cu trch nhim hnh s .......................................................88


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2.6. Ti phm c i x.........................................................................................89

2.7. Ngi thc hin hnh vi nguy him cho x hi cht, trtrng hp cn

ti thm i vi ngi khc....................................................................................89

III. QUYT NH KHI TVN HNH S..............................................................90

1. Thm quyn khi t.......................................................................................................901.1. Cquan iu tra......................................................................................................90

1.2. Vin kim st .......................................................................................................... 90

1.3. Ta n......................................................................................................................91

1.4. Hi quan, Kim lm, Bi bin phng, Cnh st bin v cc cquan khc

thuc Cng an nhn dn v Qun i nhn dn.....................................................92

2. Thi hn, trnh tv thtc gii quyt vic khi t .....................................................92

3. Thay i hoc bsung quyt nh khi tvn hnh s..............................................94

IV. KIM ST VIC KHI TVN HNH S.........................................................95

BI 6. IU TRA VN HNH SV QUYT NH VIC TRUY T ..............96

I. KHI NIM IU TRA VN HNH S..................................................................96

1. Khi nim ...................................................................................................................... 96

2. Nhim v

c

a giai

on

iu tra v nguyn t

c c

a ho

t

ng

iu tra........................96

3. c im........................................................................................................................97

II. NHNG QUY NH CHUNG VIU TRA............................................................98

1. Cquan iu tra v thm quyn iu tra.......................................................................98

2. Thi hn iu tra, phc hi iu tra, iu tra bsung, iu tra li................................98

3. Chuyn vn iu tra theo thm quyn ; Nhp, tch vn tin hnh iu

tra.......................................................................................................................................102

4. Nhng vn khc......................................................................................................102III. CC HOT NG IU TRA.................................................................................103

1. Khi tbcan v hi cung bcan................................................................................103

2. Ly li khai..................................................................................................................103

3. i cht........................................................................................................................103

4. Nhn dng....................................................................................................................103


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5. Khm xt......................................................................................................................104

6. K bin ti sn ............................................................................................................. 104

7. Khm nghim hin trng...........................................................................................104

8. Khm nghim t thi.....................................................................................................104

9. Xem xt du vt trn thn th......................................................................................104

10. Thc nghim iu tra.................................................................................................105

11. Trng cu gim nh..................................................................................................105

IV. TM NH CHIU TRA V KT THC IU TRA ......................................105

1. Tm nh chiu tra...................................................................................................105

2. Kt thc iu tra .......................................................................................................... 106

2.1. nh chiu tra....................................................................................................106

2.2. nghtruy t ......................................................................................................106

V. KIM ST IU TRA V QUYT NH VIC TRUY T...................................107

1. Kim st iu tra..........................................................................................................107

2. Quyt nh vic truy t ................................................................................................108

2.1. Khi nim chung...................................................................................................108

2.2. Cc quyt nh ca Vin kim st khi kt thc giai on truy t .........................108

BI 7. XT XSTHM VN HNH S............................................................111

I. KHI NIM CHUNG ...................................................................................................111

1. Khi nim .................................................................................................................... 111

2. Nhim v .....................................................................................................................111

3. c im......................................................................................................................112

II. THM QUYN XT XSTHM CA TA N CC CP ............................. 112

1. Thm quyn xt xca Ta n nhn dn cc cp ....................................................... 112

1.1. Thm quyn xt xca TAND cp huyn v Ta n qun skhu vc...............113

1.2. Thm quyn xt xca TAND cp tnh v Ta n qun squn khu.................113

2. Thm quyn xt xca Ta n theo lnh th .............................................................114

3. Thtc chuyn vn xt xtheo thm quyn.......................................................115


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III. TRNH TV THTC CA VIC XT XSTHM...................................116

1. Chun bxt x............................................................................................................116

1.1. Thi hn chun bxt x ......................................................................................116

1.2. Cc quy nh trong giai on chun bxt x ......................................................118

2. Nhng quy nh chung ca vic ttng ti phin ta sthm ................................... 119

2.1. Nguyn tc xt x .................................................................................................119

2.2. Thnh phn Hi ng xt x ................................................................................120

2.3. Nhng ngi cn c mt ti phin ta..................................................................121

2.4. Gii hn ca vic xt x .......................................................................................124

3. Trnh tphin ta ........................................................................................................125

3.1. Thtc bt u phin ta......................................................................................125

3.2. Thtc xt hi ...................................................................................................... 125

3.3. Tranh lun ti phin ta ........................................................................................127

3.4. Nghn v tuyn n ..............................................................................................129

BI 8. XT XPHC THM......................................................................................131

I. KHI NIM XT XPHC THM ..........................................................................131

II. KHNG CO, KHNG NGHTHEO TRNH TPHC THM...........................1311. Mt svn chung vkhng co, khng ngh .........................................................131

1.1. Khi nim khng co, khng ngh.........................................................................131

1.2. Quyn khng co, khng nghv phm vi ca quyn khng co, khng ngh .....131

1.3. Thtc khng co, khng ngh .............................................................................133

1.4. Thi hn khng co, khng ngh ...........................................................................133

2. Hu quca vic khng co, khng ngh ....................................................................135

3. Bsung, thay i, rt khng co, khng ngh .............................................................136

4. Hiu lc ca bn n, quyt nh ca Ta n cp s thm khng c khng co,

khng ngh....................................................................................................................137

III. NHNG QUY NH CHUNG VXT XPHC THM....................................137

1. Thm quyn xt xphc thm ....................................................................................137


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1.1. Thm quyn xt x ca Ta n nhn dn cp tnh v Ta n qun s cp

qun khu ............................................................................................................... 137

1.2. Thm quyn xt xphc thm ca Ta phc thm Ta n nhn dn ti cao

v Ta n qun sTrung ng.............................................................................137

2. Thi hn xt xphc thm..........................................................................................1373. Thnh phn Hi ng xt xphc thm .....................................................................138

4. Nhng ngi tham gia phin ta phc thm ............................................................... 138

5. Gii hn ca vic xt xphc thm............................................................................139

IV. TRNH TV THTC CA VIC XT XPHC THM.............................139

1. Trnh tv thtc phin ta phc thm......................................................................139

2. Nhng quy nh ca Ta n cp phc thm................................................................140

2.1. Bc khng co, khng nghv ginguyn bn n sthm..................................140

2.2. Sa bn n sthm ...............................................................................................140

2.3. Hy bn n sthm iu tra li hoc xt xli...............................................141

2.4. Hy bn n sthm v nh chv n..................................................................142

BI 9. THI HNH BN N HOC QUYT NH CA TA N C

HIU LC PHP LUT ...............................................................................................144

I. NHNG VN CHUNG..........................................................................................144

1. Khi nim chung..........................................................................................................144

1.1. Khi nim..............................................................................................................144

1.2. Nhim v...............................................................................................................145

1.3. c im ............................................................................................................... 145

2. Cn cthi hnh bn n v quyt nh ca Ta n..................................................145

3. Cquan, tchc c nhim vthi hnh n v quyt nh ca Ta n.........................146II. THI HNH CC LOI HNH PHT CTH..........................................................147

1. Thi hnh hnh pht thnh ..........................................................................................147

2. Thi hnh hnh pht t...................................................................................................149

3. Thi hnh hnh pht t cho hng n treo v hnh pht ci to khng giam gi..........151

4. Thi hnh hnh pht trc xut........................................................................................151


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5. Thi hnh hnh pht qun chhoc cm c tr.............................................................151

6. Thi hnh hnh pht tin hoc hnh pht tch thu ti sn...............................................152

III. GIM THI HN V MIN THI HN CHP HNH HNH PHT.................152

1. iu kin......................................................................................................................152

1.1. Min chp hnh hnh pht.....................................................................................152

1.2. Gim chp hnh hnh pht ....................................................................................153

2. Thtc.........................................................................................................................154

IV. THTC XA N TCH.........................................................................................154

1. Khi nim .................................................................................................................... 154

1.1. ng nhin xa n tch.......................................................................................154

1.2. Xa n tch theo quyt nh ca Ta n................................................................155

2. Hu quphp l ca quyt nh xa n tch................................................................156

CHNG III

BI 10. XT LI BN N V QUYT NH CA TA N C HIU

LC PHP LUT .......................................................................................................... 157

I. XT LI BN N V QUYT NH C HIU LC PHP LUT THEO

TRNH TGIM C THM...................................................................................158

1. Khi nim gim c thm............................................................................................158

2. Cn ckhng nghv quyn khng nghgim c thm ...........................................158

2.1. Cn ckhng nghgim c thm .......................................................................158

2.2. Quyn khng nghgim c thm ........................................................................159

3. Thi hn khng nghtheo thtc gim c thm.......................................................160

4. Mt squy nh chung vphin ta gim c thm...................................................1604.1. Thm quyn gim c thm..................................................................................160

4.2. Thi hn gim c thm .......................................................................................161

4.3. Thnh phn Hi ng gim c thm...................................................................161

4.4. Nhng ngi tham gia phin ta gim c thm..................................................162

4.5. Phm vi gim c thm.........................................................................................162


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5. Nhng quyt nh ca phin ta gim c thm.........................................................162

II. XT LI BN N HOC QUYT NH C HIU LC PHP LUT

THEO TRNH TTI THM.....................................................................................163

1. Khi nim ti thm ...................................................................................................... 163

2. Cn ckhng nghv quyn khng nghti thm ...................................................... 1632.1. Cn ckhng nghti thm ................................................................................163

2.2. Quyn khng nghti thm .................................................................................164

3. Thi hn khng nghtheo thtc ti thm..................................................................165

4. Mt squy nh chung vphin ta ti thm ............................................................. 165

4.1. Thm quyn ti thm ............................................................................................165

4.2. Thi hn ti thm, thnh phn Hi ng ti thm, nhng ngi tham gia

phin ta ti thm .................................................................................................166

5. Nhng quyt nh ca phin ta ti thm....................................................................166

DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO


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Gio trnh Lut ttng hnh sVit Nam

CHNG I

NHNG VN CHUNG CA LUT

TTNG HNH S

1.KHI NIM, NHIM VV CC NGUYN TC

CBN CA LUT TTNG HNH S

I. KHI NIM CHUNG

1.Mt skhi nim cbn trong ttng hnh s

1.1. Ttng hnh s

Ttng hnh sl ton bnhng hot ng ca cquan tin hnh ttng,ngi tin hnh ttng, ngi tham gia ttng, ca cquan Nh nc, tchc

x hi v c nhn c lin quan nhm tham gia vo vic gii quyt ng n,khch quan, kp thi vn hnh s, khng lm oan ngi v ti, khng blt ti

phm.

1.2. Thtc ttng hnh s

Thtc ttng hnh sl nhng quy nh ca php lut ttng hnh svcch thc nht nh khi tin hnh vic khi t, iu tra, truy t, xt xv thi hnhn hnh sm mi tchc v cng dn phi tun theo khi tham gia vo vic gii

quyt vn hnh s.

1.3. Giai on ttng

Giai on ttngl khong thi gian tnh tkhi bt u n khi kt thcmt nhim vttng.

gii quyt mt vn hnh smt cch chnh xc, khch quan yu cuvn hnh sphi tri qua nhiu giai on ttng. Cc giai on ttng u cmi lin hmt thit vi nhau, mi giai on u c nhim v ring v mang

nhng nt c th.

Bin son: GV Mc Ging Chu 1


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Cc giai on ttng din ra lin tc ktip nhau, c mi lin hni tikhng kht vi nhau to thnh mt ththng nht gi l qu trnh ttng.

Qu trnh ttng hnh sbao gm cc giai on sau:

1.

Khi t2. iu tra

3. Truy t

4. Xt x

5. Thi hnh bn n, quyt nh ca Ta n c hiu lcphp lut

v giai on thtc c bit l thtc gim c thm

v ti thm.

iutra

VAHS

Truy

tXt xs

thm VAHS

Xt xphc

thmVAHS

Thi

hnh n

hnh s

bKC,

KN

ko bKC,

KN

Ti thm

Gim cthm

Khit

VAHS

S1. Qu trnh ttng

1.4. Lut ttng hnh s

Lut t tng hnh s l mt ngnh lut c lp trong h thng php lutVit Nam, bao gm tng hp cc quy phm php lut iu chnh cc quan hxhi pht sinh trong cc hot ng khi t, iu tra, truy t, xt xv thi hnh n

hnh snhm bo m gii quyt ng n, khch quan vn hnh s, bo mli ch ca Nh nc, ca x hi, cc quyn v li ch hp php ca tchc vcng dn.

2.i tng iu chnh v phng php iu chnh

2.1. i tng iu chnh

i tng iu chnh ca php lut ttng hnh sl cc quan hx hipht sinh trong hot ng khi t, iu tra, truy t, xt xv thi hnh n hnh s.

Cc hot ng ny khi c thc hin sthit lp nn mi quan hgia cc ch



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thvi nhau v cc mi quan hny c gi l quan hphp lut ttng hnhs. Ni cch khc, cc quan hx hi c php lut ttng hnh siu chnhc gi l quan hphp lut ttng hnh s.

Thnh phn ca quan hphp lut ttng hnh sgm c chth,khch thv ni dung ca quan hphp lut.

- Chthca quan hphp lut ttng hnh sl cc bn tham gia voquan hphp lut ttng hnh s. Chthca quan hphp lut ttng hnhsgm c:

+ Cquan tin hnh ttng

+Ngi tin hnh ttng

+

Ngi tham gia ttng+ Cc c quan Nh nc, t chc x hi v cc c nhn khc theo

quy nh ca php lut

- Khch thca quan hphp lut ttng hnh sl hnh vi ttng mcc bn tham gia trong quan hphp lut ttng hnh stin hnh nhm thchin quyn v ngha vchthca mnh.

- Ni dung ca quan hphp lut ttng hnh sl cc quyn v nghavphp l ca cc bn tham gia quan hphp lut ttng hnh sc phplut ttng hnh siu chnh.

c im ca quan hphp lut ttng hnh s

- Quan hphp lut ttng hnh smang tnh quyn lc Nh nc.

- Quan hphp lut ttng hnh sc mi quan hcht chvi quanhphp lut hnh s.

- Quan hphp lut ttng hnh slin quan hu cn cc hot ngttng.

- Trong quan hphp lut ttng hnh sc mt schthc bit lcc Cquan iu tra, Vin kim st, Ta n.

2.2. Phng php iu chnh

- Phng php quyn uy. Khi ni n mt ngnh lut m trong quan hphp lut mang tnh quyn lc Nh nc th phng php iu chnhu tin c ni n l phng php quyn uy. Phng php quyn uy l

phng php iu chnh ca php lut t tng hnh sdng iu chnhmi quan hgia cquan tin hnh ttng vi ngi tham gia ttng v cc



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tchc, c nhn c lin quan. Cc quyt nh ca cquan tin hnh ttngv ngi tin hnh t tng c tnh cht bt buc i vi ngi tham gia ttng v cc cquan Nh nc, tchc x hi v cc c nhn c lin quan.

Phng php quyn uy thhin mt sc im sau:

+Nh nc quy nh cho mt scc cquan nht nh thc hin ccbin php bo m vic khi t, iu tra, truy t, xt x, thi hnh n i vingi thc hin ti phm v cc tchc, c nhn c lin quan.

+ Bn n, quyt nh ca Ta n c hiu lc php lut c gi trbt buc thi hnh v c m bo thc hin bng sc mnh cng chcaNh nc.

- Phng php phi hp, chc l phng php dng iu chnhmi quan hgia cc cquan tin hnh ttng vi nhau v vi cc cquan

Nh nc, tchc x hi khc nhm bo m vic kim tra gim st ln nhauv phi to iu kin h tr, phi hp vi nhau trong vic gii quyt ngn vn hnh s.

Phng php phi hp thhin nhng im sau:

+ Cc cquan Nh nc, c nhn c lin quan phi hp vi cquantin hnh ttng trong u tranh chng v phng nga ti phm, thng bo

ngay cho cquan tin hnh t tng hoc cquan c thm quyn bit mihnh vi phm ti xy ra trong cquan mnh, thc hin yu cu ca cc cquan hoc ngi tin hnh ttng.

+ Trong qu trnh tin hnh t tng, c quan tin hnh t tng cquyn yu cu cc cquan, tchc hu quan p dng cc bin php khc

phc v ngn nga. Cc cquan, tchc hu quan phi trli vvic thchin yu cu ca cquan tin hnh ttng.

+ Bn n v quyt nh ca Ta n c hiu lc php lut c thi

hnh v phi c cquan Nh nc, tchc x hi v mi cng dn tntrng. C nhn v t chc hu quan trong phm vi trch nhim ca mnh

phi chp hnh nghim chnh bn n v quyt nh ca Ta n v phi chutrch nhim trc php lut vvic chp hnh .

Phng php ch c th hin vic cc c quan tin hnh t tngtrong qu trnh tin hnh ttng cn c nhim vkim tra, gim st cc cngvic ca nhau, kim tra tnh ng n ca vic gii quyt vn; qu trnh ttng chu skim tra gim st ca nhn dn, ca cc cquan tchc i biu

dn cnhm m bo tnh dn ch, m bo cho vic gii quyt vn c



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chnh xc khch quan, hn chti a cc trng hp gy ra oan sai trong ttng hnh s.

3.Mi quan hgia khoa hc lut ttng hnh sv cc ngnh khoa

hc khc c lin quan- Quan hvi L lun chung vNh nc v Php lut

- Quan hvi khoa hc Lut hnh s

- Quan hvi Ti phm hc

- Quan hvi Khoa hc iu tra ti phm

- Quan hvi Tm l hc tphp

- Quan hvi Tm thn hc tphp

II.NHIM V V CC NGUYN TC C BN CA LUT TTNG HNH S

1.Nhim vca Blut ttng hnh s(iu 1 BLTTHS)

B lut t tng hnh s l mt trong nhng b lut quan trng trong hthng php lut Vit Nam, cc quy phm ca Blut ttng hnh siu chnhton bqu trnh ttng hnh snhng vn c lin quan n vic gii quyt

vn hnh s. Bao gm cc ni dung sau:- Blut ttng hnh squy nh trnh t, thtc khi t, iu tra, truy

t, xt xv thi hnh n hnh s.

- Blut ttng hnh squy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn cacc cquan tin hnh ttng v mi quan hgia cc cquan ny vi nhau;quy nh nhim v, quyn hn v trch nhim ca nhng ngi tin hnh ttng

- Blut ttng hnh squy nh quyn v ngha vca nhng ngitham gia ttng, ca cc cquan, tchc v cng dn.

- B lut t tng hnh squy nh vvn hp tc quc t trong ttng hnh s.

- B lut t tng hnh s gp phn phng nga ngn chn ti phm,pht hin nhanh chng v x l cng minh, kp thi mi hnh vi phm ti,khng lt ti phm v khng lm oan ngi v ti.

- Blut ttng hnh sbo vphp chx hi chngha, bo vlich ca Nh nc, quyn v li ch hp php ca tchc v cng dn, bo v



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trt tx hi chngha, gio dc cng dn thc nghim chnh chp hnhphp lut.

2.Cc nguyn tc cbn ca lut ttng hnh s

Nguyn tc cbn ca lut t tng hnh s l nhng phng chm nhhng, chi phi ton bhay mt sgiai on ca hot ng ttng hnh strongqu trnh xy dng v p dng php lut ttng hnh s.

Cc nguyn tc cbn ca t tng hnh sc quy nh ti Chng IIBLTTHS 2003 gm 30 iu (tiu 3 n iu 32 BLTTHS 2003). Bao gmcc nhm nguyn tc sau:

2.1. Cc nguyn tc bo m php chtrong hot ng ttng

-

Nguyn tc php ch XHCN (iu 3 BLTTHS 2003): Php ch lnguyn tc quan trng trong sinh hot x hi, trong tchc v hot ng cacc cquan Nh nc, ca cc tchc x hi, ca nhng ngi c chc vquyn hn v ca cng dn. y l nguyn tc Hin nh c hiu l victhng xuyn, nht qun trong vic tun thv chp hnh cc quy nh ca

php lut. Trong php lut ttng hnh s, nguyn tc ny c cthhatrong vic xc lp trt t, tin trnh gii quyt vn hnh s. Nguyn tc nyi hi mi hot ng ttng hnh sphi c lut iu chnh cht ch, cthv cc quy nh ca php lut phi c mi tchc, cng dn tun th

php lut mt cch trit v nghim minh. Bo m php chx hi chngha l ttng cho c qun trit trong ton bqu trnh nhn thc,xy dng v p dng php lut ttng hnh s.

- Nguyn tc thc hnh quyn cng tv kim st vic tun theo php

lut trong ttng hnh s(iu 23BLTTHS 2003):

Thc hnh quyn cng t trong t tng hnh s l mt trong nhngchc nng cbn ca Vin kim st. Quyn cng txut hin tkhi c ti

phm xy ra v cng t thi im , Vin kim st c trch nhim thchnh quyn cng t. Vic thc hnh quyn cng tv kim st vic tun theo

php lut trong ttng hnh sc mc ch bo m mi hnh vi phm tiphi c xl kp thi theo quy nh ca php lut; vic khi t, iu tra,truy t, xt xv thi hnh n ng ngi ng ti, ng php lut, khng lt ti phm v ngi phm ti, khng lm oan ngi v ti; nhm pht hinkp thi hnh vi vi phm php lut ca cc cquan tin hnh ttng, ngitin hnh t tng v ngi tham gia t tng, p dng cc bin php do B

lut ttng hnh squy nh loi trvic vi phm php lut ca nhng cquan ni trn.



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Quyn kim st vic tun theo php lut t tng hnh s ca Vinkim st c thc hin t khi c tin bo v t gic v ti phm n giaion thi hnh n bng cc bin php c php lut ttng hnh squy nhnhph chun hay khng ph chun cc quyt nh ca Cquan iu tra,

hy bcc quyt nh ca cc cquan tin hnh ttng, tmnh tin hnhmt shot ng hoc ra cc quyt nh cn thit trong vic gii quyt vn,khng nghcc bn n v quyt nh ca Ta n, v.v Hot ng kim stvic tun theo php lut trong qu trnh gii quyt vn nhm m bo chocc hot ng ttng tun thng php lut, loi trcc vi phm php lutca cc c nhn v tchc, gp phn vo vic bo vphp chx hi chngha.

Kim st vic tun theo php lut trong t tng hnh s l mt trong

nhng ni dung ca kim st hot ng tphp

- Nguyn tc gim c vic xt x (iu 21): Gim c vic xt xc Hin php nc ta quy nh v Blut ttng hnh sghi nhn l mtnguyn tc cbn ca ttng hnh s. Nguyn tc ny c mc ch bo mcho vic p dng php lut ca Ta n trong cnc c nghim chnh vthng nht. Gim c xt xl vic Ta n cp trn kim tra tnh ng nvhot ng xt xca Ta n cp di, thhin vic Ta n cp trn xtli bn n hoc quyt nh ca Ta n cp di thng qua cc hot ng xt

x li v n s thm theo th tc phc thm; khng ngh bn n hoc ccquyt nh c hiu lc theo thtc gim c thm, qua kim tra, phthin nhng sai lm, thiu st ca Ta n cp di; gii quyt khiu ni, tco; tng kt kinh nghim xt x; hng dn cc Ta n cp di p dngthng nht php lut v a ra ng li xt x Thng qua cc hot ngny, Ta n cp trn kp thi un nn, khc phc nhng sai lm trong cngtc xt xca Ta n cp di nhm p dng php lut c nghim chnhv thng nht, gp phn bo vphp chx hi chngha, xl cng minh,

khng lm oan ngi v ti, khng blt ti phm.2.2. Cc nguyn tc bo m quyn v li ch ca cng dn

Cc quyn tdo cbn ca cng dn c ghi nhn trong Hin php1992 l nhng gi trx hi c ngha to ln vmi mt cn phi c tntrng v bo v mt cch c hiu qu. Hot ng t tng hnh s l hotng lin quan trc tip n cc quyn tdo cbn ca cng dn, do vycng vic xy dng v p dng php lut t tng hnh s phi tun thnguyn tc ny. Nguyn tc i hi nhng ngi tin hnh t tng phi ctrch nhim tn trng v bo vcc quyn v li ch hp php ca cng dn



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cn nhng ngi tham gia t tng c quyn i hi nhng ngi c thmquyn tn trng v bo vcc quyn ca mnh.

- Nguyn tc tn trng v bo vcc quyn cbn ca cng dn(iu4): Cc cquan tin hnh ttng, ngi tin hnh ttng chc p dngcc bin php ngn chn, bin php iu tra thu thp chng ckhi c nhngcn cnht nh theo quy nh ca php lut. Khi nhng cn cp dng bin

php ngn chn, bin php iu tra thu thp chng ckhng cn hoc nhngnhng bin php ny khng cn cn thit na th cc cquan v ngi cthm quyn phi kp thi hy bhoc thay thcc bin php . Nguyn tcny bo m khng mt cng dn no bxm phm ti quyn v cc li chhp php.

- Nguyn tc bo m quyn bnh ng ca mi cng dn trc php

lut(iu 5, iu 19): y l nguyn tc Hin nh c quy nh ti iu52 Hin php 1992 c pht trin v cthha trong lnh vc ttng hnhs. BLTTHS 2003 quy nh nguyn tc ny thnh mt nguyn tc cbntheo , khi tham gia ttng hnh s, ngi c a vphp l nhnhau thu c quyn li v ngha vnhnhau, khng ai c thc loi trhocc p dng nhng u i ngoi nhng trng hp do php lut quy nh.

Nguyn tc ny xc nh vtr nhnhau ca mi cng dn tham gia vo quanhphp lut ttng hnh s, bt kngi no thc hin hnh vi phm ti u

phi chu trch nhim hnh stheo iu khon tng ng m Blut hnh squy nh, khng phn bit nam, n, dn tc, tn ngng, thnh phn, a vxhi. Vic quy nh thtc ttng hnh si vi mt sngi l i biuQuc hi, i biu Hi ng nhn dn cc cp khng to ra nhng cquyn cho nhng ngi m chl mt trong nhng bo m cn thit hthc hin vai tr ca mnh.

- Nguyn tc bo m cc quyn bt khxm phm vthn th(iu6): Nguyn tc ny xc nh khng ai c thbbt, tm gi, tm giam mkhng c scho php ca cquan nh nc c thm quyn, trtrng hp

phm ti qutang,trong trng hp phm ti qutang th ai cng c quynbt theo quy nh ti iu 82 BLTTHS. Mi hnh thc truy bc nhc hnh,xc phm danh d nhn phm ca con ngi u b nghim cm. Nhngngi c hnh vi xm phm quyn tdo thn thcng dn phi chu trchnhim trc php lut vhnh vi ca h.

- Nguyn tc bo htnh mng, sc khe, danh d, nhn phm, ti sn

ca cng dn (iu 7): Php lut nghim cm mi hnh vi xm phm triphp lut n tnh mng, sc khe, danh d, nhn phm, ti sn ca cng



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dn. BLTTHS 2003 quy nh trch nhim ca c quan c thm quyn tinhnh ttng phi p dng nhng bin php cn thit theo quy nh ca phplut bo vngi bhi, ngi lm chng v ngi tham gia ttng khccng nh ngi thn thch ca h khi nhng ngi ny be da n tnh

mng, sc khe, bxm phm danh d, nhn phm.

- Nguyn tc bo m quyn bt khxm phm vch, an ton v b

mt th tn, in thoi, in tn (iu 8): Bt kh xm phm v ch, anton v b mt thtn, in thoi, in tn l mt trong nhng quyn cbnca cng dn c ghi nhn trong Hin php. Theo , hot ng t tnghnh sphi c tin hnh trn cstn trng quyn bt khxm phm vch, an ton v b mt th tn, in thoi, in tn ca cng dn. Trongnhng trng hp c php lut cho php khm xt ch, th tn, inthoi, in tn th phi c s cho php ca php lut t tng hnh s vc thc hin bi nhng ngi nht nh c quyn theo quy nh ca phplut ttng hnh s. Mi hnh vi xm phm ch, an ton v b mt thtn,in thoi, in tn ca cng dn mt cch tri php lut th ty mc sbxl theo quy nh ca php lut.

- Nguyn tc khng ai bcoi l c ti khi cha c bn n kt ti c

hiu lc php lut (iu 9): y l mt trong nhng nguyn tc rt quantrng trong t tng hnh sc ghi nhn ti iu 72 Hin php ca ncCng ha x hi chngha Vit Nam v Blut ttng hnh snc ta quynh l mt nguyn tc dn chca ttng hnh s. Nguyn tc ny c ngha php l v o l su sc hnh thnh trn csl nguyn tc suy onv ti. Theo , mt ngi lun c coi l khng c ti nu cha bkt n

bng bn n kt ti ca Ta n v bn n cha c hiu lc php lut.

Ni dung ca nguyn tc ny l mt ngi chbcoi l c ti v bpdng hnh pht khi Ta n xem xt, nh gi chng c chnh thc ti

phin ta v c cskt lun hnh vi ca h cu thnh ti phmtheo nhng quy nh ca lut hnh sbng mt bn n c hiu lc phplut. Khi cha c bn n kt ti c hiu lc php lut th mt ngi cha

bcoi l c ti v khng c i xvi hnhl ngi bkt n. Cquantin hnh t tng, ngi tin hnh t tng phi to mi iu kin thun licho htrong vic a ra chng c, yu cu v tranh lun dn chtrc Tan chng minh hkhng c ti hoc gim nhtrch nhim hnh s.

- Nguyn tc bo m quyn bo cha ca ngi btm gi, bcan, b

co (iu 11): y l nguyn tc Hin nh c quy nh ti iu 132 Hinphp 1992 xc nh vic bo m quyn bo cha ca ngi b tm gi, b



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can, bco l mt trong nhng biu hin ca dn chv nhn o x hi chngha, mt cch thc bo m cho hot ng ttng c tin hnh mtcch khch quan, cng bng v nhn o.

Quyn bo cha l tng hp cc hnh vi ttng ca ngi btm gi,bcan, bco thc hin trn csnhng quy nh ca php lut nhm a rachng cbo vcc quyn v li ch hp php ca mnh trc stnh nghica cquan tin hnh ttng vvic nghi ngthc hin mt hnh vi phmti. Quyn bo cha l nguyn tc cbn quan trng ca php lut t tnghnh s.

Theo BLTTHS 2003, quyn bo cha c thc hin tkhi c quytnh khi tbcan (khon 1 iu 58), hoc tkhi mt ngi c quyt nhtm gi. Ni cch khc BLTTHS 2003 bsung trng hp ngi btm

gi cng c quyn bo cha (khon 2 iu 48) nhm bo v tt hn ccquyn v li ch hp php ca cng dn, gp phn khc phc cc trng hpoan sai. Theo ngi btm gi, bcan, bco c quyn tbo cha hocnh ngi khc bo cha. Nh vy, quyn bo cha c thc hin thngqua hai phng thc l tbo cha hoc nhngi khc bo cha.

- Nguyn tc bo m quyn c bi thng thit hi v phc hi

danh d, quyn li ca ngi boan(iu 29): Quyn c bi thng thithi ca ngi boan tuy c quy nh ti iu 24 BLTTHS 1988 nhngcha cthv cha trthnh mt nguyn tc cbn. Thc hin chtrngci cch tphp c cp trong Chths53 CT/TW ngy 21 thng 3nm 2000v Nghquyt s08 NQ/TW ngy 02 thng 01 nm 2002 ca BChnh tr l khn trng ban hnh v tchc thc hin nghim tc cc vn

bn php lut vbi thng thit hi i vi nhng trng hp boan, saitrong hot ng t tng, BLTTHS 2003 quy nh vic bo m quync bi thng thit hi v phc hi danh d, quyn li ca ngi boanthnh nguyn tc cbn, theo ni dung nguyn tc quy nh ngi boando ngi c thm quyn trong hot ng t tng hnh s gy ra c quyn

c bi thng thit hi v phc hi danh d, quyn li. Cquan c thm

quyn trong hot ng ttng hnh s lm oan phi bi thng thit hi

v phc hi danh d, quyn li cho ngi boan; ngi gy thit hi c

trch nhim bi hon cho c quan c thm quyn theo quy nh ca php

lut.Vic bi thng thit hi, phc hi danh d, quyn li cho ngi boanc thc hin theoNghquyt 388/2003/NQ-UBTVQH 11 ngy 17/03/2003ca y ban thng vQuc hi vbi thng thit hi cho ngi boan do

ngi c thm quyn trong hot ng ttng hnh sgy ra.



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- Nguyn tc bo m quyn c bi thng thit hi do cquan hoc

ngi c thm quyn tin hnh ttng gy ra. Khc vi nguyn tc bo mquyn c bi thng thit hi v phc hi danh d, quyn li ca ngi boan, nguyn tc ny t ra vn bi thng i vi nhng trng hp thit

hi do cquan hoc ngi c thm quyn trong hot ng t tng hnh sgy ra. Theo iu 30 BLTTHS 2003 ni dung c bn ca nguyn tc nynhsau:

+Ngi bthit hi do cquan hoc ngi c thm quyn trong hotng ttng hnh sgy ra c quyn c bi thng thit hi;

+ Cquan c thm quyn trong hot ng t tng hnh sphi bithng thit hi cho ngi b thit hi; ngi gy ra thit hi c trchnhim bi hon cho cquan c thm quyn theo quy nh ca php lut.

- Nguyn tc bo m quyn khiu ni, t co ca cng dn i vi

hot ng ttng (iu 31): Nguyn tc ny thhin bn cht dn chcaphp lut ttng hnh sVit Nam, bo m cc quyn v li ch hp phpca cng dn, gp phn khc phc tin ti hn chnhng sai lm ca cquantin hnh t tng, ngi tin hnh t tng trong qu trnh gii quyt vn.Chthca quyn khiu ni tco l cng dn, cquan, tchc; i tngca quyn khiu ni tco l cc hnh vi t tng ca cquan tin hnh t

tng v ngi tin hnh t tng. Khi c khiu ni hoc t co, c quan cthm quyn phi xem xt gii quyt nhanh chng v thng bo kt qubngvn bn cho ngi khiu ni, tco bit v phi c bin php khc phc. Cquan lm oan phi phc hi danh d, quyn li v bi thng thit hi chongi boan. C nhn c hnh vi vi phm ty trng hp m bxl kluthoc truy cu trch nhim hnh s.

- Nguyn tc ting ni, chvit dng trong ttng hnh s(iu 24): Vit Nam, ting Vit l quc ng, l ting ph thng c dng chnh thc

trong tt ccc hot ng ca cquan Nh nc. Mc d Vit Nam l mtquc gia a dn tc nhng vic quy nh ting ni v chvit dng trong ttng hnh sl ting Vit thhin Vit Nam l mt quc gia thng nht,thhin sbnh ng gia cc dn tc khc nhau, mt khc bo m cho vicxt xc thc hin chnh xc, cng khai. Tuy nhin, cng xut pht tcim Vit Nam l mt quc gia a dn tc nn c nhng trng hp ngidn tc khng bit ting Vit hoc khng sdng thnh tho ting Vit xuthin trc ta. Trong nhng trng hp ny, php lut cho php hc sdng ting dn tc v ting dn tc ny phi c dch sang ting Vit.



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Quyn c s dng ting dn tc trc ta cng bao gm c trng hpngi nc ngoi tham gia ttng trn lnh thVit Nam.

Vic tha nhn quyn sdng ting dn tc trong qu trnh ttng lcsv l iu kin thc tcng dn thc hin quyn ttng ca h, hnna cn thhin tnh dn chtrong hot ng thc thi php lut. Tuy nhin,trong iu kin ci cch tphp bt buc iu tra vin, Kim st vin, Thm

phn phi c trnh i hc, Hi thm phi c bi dng vnghip vnn nguyn tc ny nay thay i theo hng chc ngi tham gia ttngc quyn sdng ting dn tc cn ngi tin hnh ttngbt buc phisdng c ting ni v chvit l ting Vit.

2.3. Cc nguyn tc bo m tnh chnh xc, khch quan ca hotng ttng hnh s

- Nguyn tc xc nh s tht ca v n (iu 10): Vic xc nh stht ca vn l ttng cho xuyn sut ton bqu trnh gii quyt vn hnh sv l mc ch ca qu trnh gii quyt vn hnh s, thhin bncht ca qu trnh chng minh ti phm. Xc nh stht ca vn cng tcl bo m cho vic truy cu trch nhim hnh s ng ngi ng ti,khng lm oan ngi v ti v khng blt ti phm. Xc nh stht cavn hnh scn c ngha quan trng trong vic gii quyt cc bin phptphp, gii quyt trch nhim dn sv nhng vn khc c lin quan. Vvy n cng l nguyn tc cbn ca ttng hnh s. Theo , cquan tinhnh ttng phi xc nh l ton bdin tin ca svic phm ti xy ramt cch khch quan, ton din, y v chnh xc, lm r nhng chng c

buc ti v chng cgti Trch nhim xc nh stht ca vn thucv cquan tin hnh t tng v ngi tin hnh t tng. Bcan, b co cquyn nhng khng buc phi chng minh l mnh v ti.

- Nguyn tc trch nhim ca c quan tin hnh t tng, ngi tin

hnh ttng (iu 12): nguyn tc ny c ngha l ngi lm tri php luttrong vic bt, giam, gi, khi t, iu tra, truy t, xt x, thi hnh n th tytnh cht, mc vi phm m bxl klut hoc btruy cu trch nhimhnh s.

- Nguyn tc trch nhim khi t v x l v n hnh s (iu 13):Theo nguyn tc ny, khi nhn c tin bo, t gic v ti phm hoc tmnh pht hin ra ti phm th cquan tin hnh t tng c trch nhim sdng cc bin php hp php do php lut quy nh xc minh svic v

phi c trch nhim ra quyt nh khi tvn hnh s. Trong trng hpkhng c du hiu phm ti th cc cquan tin hnh ttng cng phi xl



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bng vic ra quyt nh khng khi tvn hnh s. Nguyn tc ny cquy nh trong Blut ttng hnh snhm m bo mi hnh vi phm tiu bpht hin, khi tv x l kp thi khng lt ti phm, m bothc hin cng bng x hi.

-

Nguyn tc bo m sv tca nhng ngi tin hnh ttng hoc

ngi tham gia ttng(iu 14): Ngi tin hnh ttng, ngi phin dch,ngi gim nh l nhng ngi thay mt Nh nc chng minh ti phm vlm r bn cht vn. Sv tca hkhi tin hnh ttng c ngha quantrng gp phn vo vic gii quyt v n mt cch khch quan nn tBLTTHS 1988 coi sv tca nhng ngi tin hnh ttng v ngitham gia t tng l nguyn tc c bn v bt buc. Theo nguyn tc nynhng ngi tin hnh ttng khng c tin hnh ttng nu c l do xc

ng cho rng hc thkhng v tkhi thc hin nhim v.

BLTTHS 2003 tip tc quy nh nguyn tc ny thnh mt nguyn tcc bn nhng xc nh c th nhng ngi tin hnh t tng khng ctham gia t tng bng cch chr thm bn cnh nhng ngi tin hnh ttng l iu tra vin, Kim st vin, Thk, Hi thm th nhng ngi lThtrng, Ph Thtrng Cquan iu tra, Vin trng, Ph Vin trng

Vin kim st, Chnh n, Ph Chnh n Ta n cng khng c tin hnht tng nu c l do xc ng cho rng h c thkhng v tkhi thc

hin nhim v.

- Nguyn tc Ta n xt xc lp v ch tun theo php lut (iu16): Nguyn tc ny c quy nh thnh mt nguyn tc c bn trongBLTTHS 1988 v tip tc c ktha BLTTHS 2003. Theo , nguyntc ny i hi cc thnh vin trong Hi ng xt xphi c lp trong vicnghin cu hs, nh gi chng cv a ra cc kt lun vsvic phmti v ngi thc hin ti phm m khng bscho, nh hng ca btkn v, tchc, c nhn no. Thm ch cc thnh vin ca Hi ng xtx cng khng b ph thuc vo quan im ca cc thnh vin khc trongcng Hi ng xt x. Cc thnh vin trong Hi ng xt xlm vic c lpv chtun theo php lut.

Sc lp ca Ta n khi xt xcn thhin vic trong quan hgia cc cp xt x. Ta n cp trn khng c quyt nh hoc gi choTa n cp di khi Ta n cp di xt xmt vn cth. ng thi khixt xphc thm, xem xt li bn n, quyt nh ca Ta n cp di theotrnh tgim c thm, ti thm, Ta n cp trn cng khng bph thuc

bi nhng nhn nh, phn quyt ca Ta n cp di.



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- Nguyn tc Ta n xt xtp thv quyt nh theo a s(iu 17):bo m vic xt xc khch quan, vic quyt nh cc vn ca vn c thc hin bng cch biu quyt v quyt nh ca Hi ng xt xltheo kin a s. Ngi c kin thiu sc quyn trnh by kin ca

mnh bng vn bn v c lu vo hsvn.

- Nguyn tc bo m sphi hp gia cc cquan Nh nc vi cc

cquan tin hnh ttng(iu 26): thc hin nhim vtrong qu trnhgii quyt v n hnh s, ngoi vic thc hin tt cc quyn hn v trchnhim ca mnh, cc cquan tin hnh ttng cn phi phi hp vi nhau,

phi hp vi cc cquan Nh nc, tchc x hi v cng dn. Nguyn tcny khng nhng l sbo m cho vic gii quyt vn nhanh chng, hiuqum cn l s thhin nhim vu tranh chng ti phm ca ton x

hi.

- Nguyn tc trch nhim ca mi tchc v cng dn trong u tranh

phng v chng ti phm(iu 25): BLTTHS 2003 sa i bsung mts ni dung p ng yu cu u tranh phng v chng ti phm trongtnh hnh mi. Theo , BLTTHS 2003 xc nh r quyn ng thi lngha vca cc tchc v cng dn l pht hin, tgic hnh vi phm ti;

b sung trch nhim ca cc cquan tin hnh t tng phi tr li kt qugii quyt tin bo, tgic v ti phm cho t chc bo tin, ngi t

gic ti phm bit; bsung trch nhim ca cc tchc v cng dn c trchnhim thc hin yu cu v to iu kin cc cquan tin hnh t tng,ngi tin hnh ttng thc hin nhim v.

2.4. Cc nguyn tc bo m tnh dn chtrong hot ng ttng

- Nguyn tc xt x cng khai (iu 18): Trong thit ch dn ch thcng khai l mt thuc tnh quan trng, v vy cng khai c quy nh lmt nguyn tc cbn trong B lut t tng hnh s. Nguyn tc ny mtmt to iu kin cng dn thc hin quyn kim tra gim st i vi hotng ca xt xca cquan Ta n thng qua nng cao trch nhim xtxca Ta n, mt khc c tc dng gp phn vo vic gio dc v nng cao thc php lut ca cng dn, ng vin ng o mi ngi tham gia vocng cuc u tranh phng chng ti phm. Vic xt xcng khai c pdng i vi xt xsthm v phc thm trnhng trng hp c bit cngib mt Nh nc, thun phong mtc ca dn tc hoc gib mt cang s theo yu cu chnh ng ca h th Ta n c quyn xt x kn.Trong nhng trng hp xt xkn ny th khi tuyn n Ta n cng phituyn n cng khai.



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Trong phin ta xt xcng khai mi ngi u c quyn tham dtrnhng trng hp do php lut quy nh ti khon 4 iu 197.

- Nguyn tc thc hin quyn gim st ca cc c quan, t chc, i

biu dn ci vi hot ng ca cquan tin hnh ttng(iu 32): Thchin nhim v trng tm cng tc tphp c cp trong Nghquyt08 NQ/TW ngy 02/01/2002 ca BChnh trl tng cng sgim st caQuc hi, Hi ng nhn dn, ca cc t chc x hi v cng dn i vicng tc t php, gp phn khc phc cc trng hp oan sai, b lt ti

phm, BLTTHS 2003 bsung ni dung gim st ca cc cquan, tchcdn ci vi hot ng ca cquan tin hnh ttng, ngi tin hnh t

tng thnh mt nguyn tc cbn trn csk tha ni dung quy nh tiiu 8 ca BLTTHS 1988.

Ni dung cbn ca nguyn tc ny l:

+ Chthca quyn gim st l Cquan Nh nc, y ban Mt trnTquc Vit Nam, cc tchc thnh vin ca Mt trn, i biu dn c;

+ i tng ca gim st l hot ng ca cquan tin hnh ttng,ngi tin hnh ttng; vic gii quyt khiu ni, tco ca cquan tinhnh ttng, ngi tin hnh ttng;

+ Khi pht hin nhng hnh vi tri php lut ca cquan tin hnh ttng, ngi tin hnh t tng th c quan Nh nc, i biu dn c cquyn yu cu; y ban Mt trn Tquc Vit Nam, cc tchc thnh vinca Mt trn c quyn kin ngh vi c quan tin hnh t tng c thmquyn xem xt, gii quyt theo quy nh ca Blut ttng hnh s;

+ Khi nhn c yu cu, kin ngh ca ch th gim st, c quantin hnh t tng c thm quyn phi xem xt, gii quyt v tr li kinngh, yu cu theo quy nh ca php lut.

-

Nguyn tc thc hin chxt xc Hi thm tham gia(iu 15):Nguyn tc ny c ghi nhn trong Hin php v l nguyn tc cbn caphp lut ttng hnh s. Bn cht ca nguyn tc ny c thhin chthu ht s tham gia ca nhn dn vo hot ng xt x, to iu kin chohot ng xt xc tin hnh mt cch khch quan, cng bng, chnh xc,l mt trong nhng biu hin ca nguyn tc dn ch trong hot ng t

php.



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2.5. Nguyn tc bo m hiu lc ca bn n v quyt nh ca Tan

Bn n v quyt nh ca Ta n c hiu lc php lut l vn bnphp l nh du skt thc ca qu trnh iu tra, truy t, xt xc nghatrn nhiu phng din nn phi c thi hnh v phi c cc cquan, tchc v mi cng dn tn trng. y l nguyn tc Hin nh v cBLTTHS quy nh l mt trong nhng nguyn tc cbn ca ttng hnh s.

Nguyn tc ny thhin sc mnh ca php lut trn thc tv c nghaln i vi vic nng cao hiu quu tranh phng v chng ti phm.

Nguyn tc ny c quy nh ti iu 25 BLTTHS 1988 nhngchmi dng li vic quy nh trch nhim thi hnh bn n, quyt nh caTa n. Thc tin cho thy thi hnh mt bn n, quyt nh ca Ta n cn

phi c sphi hp ca cc cquan Nh nc, tchc chnh quyn gii quyt yu cu ny, to c s php l trong vic xc nh v nng caotrch nhim ca cc cquan, tchc v cng dn trong hot ng thi hnhn, bn n, quyt nh ca Ta n c hiu lc php lut phi c thi hnhnn iu 22 BLTTHS 2003 b sung ni dung cc c quan Nh nc,chnh quyn x, phng, th trn c trch nhim to iu kin v thc hin

yu cu ca cquan, tchc c nhim v thi hnh bn n, quyt nh ca

Ta n trong vic thi hnh n

2.6. Nguyn tc thc hin chhai cp xt x

Thc hin chhai cp xt xl mt trong nhng biu hin ca dnchv tin b trong t tng hnh s. Do vy, BLTTHS quy nh thc hinchhai cp xt xvi tcch l mt trong nhng nguyn tc cbn cat tng hnh snc ta. Vic thc hin chhai cp xt x l nhm bom tnh hp php v tnh c cn cca cc bn n v cc quyt nh caTa n bkhng co, khng nghv cnhng bn n khng bkhng co,khng ngh; bo m khng cho php a ra thi hnh cc bn n v quytnh khng ng php lut v khng c cn c; bo m thc hin vic gimst ca Ta n cp trn i vi hot ng ca Ta n cp di; bo m vic

bo vcc quyn v li ch hp php ca bco, ngi bhi, nguyn ndn s

ng bvi quy nh ca Lut tchc Ta n nhn dn nm 2002,BLTTHS 2003 bsung iu 20vnguyn tc thc hin chhai cp

xt x.Ni dung nguyn tc ny khng nh r hot ng xt xvn hnh

sVit Nam c thc hin theo hai cp: cp sthmv cpphc thm.



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Nhvy, nguyn tc ny khc phc quan im coi gim c thm l cpxt xthba.

2.7. Nguyn tc vvic gii quyt vn dn strong vn hnh s

Thc tin trong qu trnh gii quyt cc vn hnh s, nhiu trnghp cquan tin hnh ttng phi gii quyt cvn dn s. Tuy nhin ctrng hp do iu kin khch quan cha th chng minh c nn nhhng n thi gian gii quyt vn hnh s. gii quyt vng mc ny,BLTTHS 2003 b sung iu 28 v nguyn tc gii quyt vn dn strong vn hnh s.Ni dung cbn ca nguyn tc ny l:

+ Vic gii quyt vn dn s trong vn hnh sc tin hnhsong song vi vic gii quyt vn hnh s;

+

Vn bi thng, bi hon c thc tch ra khi qu trnh giiquyt vn hnh sgii quyt theo thtc ttng dn skhi c haiiu kin:

vn bi thng, bi hon cha c iu kin chng minh

vic tch khng nh hng n vic gii quyt vn hnh s.

Vic gii quyt vn dn strong vn hnh sbao gm nhng nidung sau:

+

i trli ti sn bchim ot;

+ i bi thng ti sn bhhng;

+ i bi thng vvic khng khai thc c gi trti sn;

+ i bi thng do danh d, nhn phm, uy tn bxm hi1.

3.Hiu lc ca Blut ttng hnh s

- Hiu lc vthi gian: BLTTHS 2003 c hiu lc tngy 01/7/2004.

- Hiu lc v khng gian: iu 2 BLTTHS 2003 xc nh mi hotng ttng hnh strn lnh thnc Cng ha x hi chngha Vit Nam

phi c tin hnh theo quy nh ca BLTTHS.

- Hiu lc vi tng p dng: Blut t tng hnh sp dng ivi hnh vi ttng ca cquan tin hnh ttng, ngi tin hnh ttng vngi tham gia ttng, c nhn tchc c lin quan.

1Xem thm Cng vn ca TANDTC s121/2003/KHXX ngy 19/9/2003 vvic gii quyt nhng vn lin quan n ti sn, bi thng thit hi trong vn hnh s.



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i vi ngi nc ngoi phm ti trn lnh th Vit Nam th tythuc vo tng trng hp cthnhsau:

+Ngi phm ti l ngi c hng cc c quyn ngoi giaohoc quyn u i min tr v lnh s: gii quyt theo con ng ngoigiao;

+Ngi phm ti l cng dn nc thnh vin ca iu c quc tm nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam k kt hoc gia nhp thc tin hnh theo quy nh ca iu c quc t.



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ti. Hn na thc tcho thy, nhng kt qut c cng nhnhng sai lmmc phi trong qu trnh gii quyt vn hnh snhblt ti phm, lm oanngi v ti thng bt ngun tgiai on iu tra. Ngoi ra, hot ng iutra ca Cquan iu tra cn to iu kin cho cng tc xt xbng vic cung

cp nhng chng cvti phm v ngi phm ti. Trong nhiu trng hp, snhn nh nh gi ca Cquan iu tra v Vin kim st cn quy nh cgiihn ca vic xt x. Mt khc, hot ng ca Cquan iu tra cn gp mt phnto ln vo vic thc hin nhim vu tranh phng v chng ti phm, bo mgign an ninh, chnh trv trt t, an ton x hi.

Cquan iu tra c nhim vtin hnh iu tra tt ccc ti phm theonguyn tc Cquan iu tra cp no th iu tra nhng vn thuc thm quynxt xca Ta n nhn dn cp (on 2 khon 4 iu 110BLTTHS). Theo

, Cquan iu tra cp huyn, Cquan iu tra qun scp khu vc iu tranhng vn hnh svnhng ti phm thuc quyn xt xca Ta n nhn dncp huyn, Ta n qun skhu vc; Cquan iu tra cp tnh, Cquan iu traqun scp qun khu iu tra nhng vn hnh sthuc thm quyn xt xcaTa n nhn dn cp tnh, Ta n qun scp qun khu hoc nhng vn thucthm quyn ca Cquan iu tra cp di nhng xt thy cn trc tip iu tra;Cquan iu tra cp Trung ng chiu tra nhng vn hnh svnhng ti

phm c bit nghim trng, phc tp thuc thm quyn ca C quan iu tra

cp tnh, C quan iu tra qun s cp qun khu nhng xt thy cn trc tipiu tra.

thc hin hot ng iu tra, cc Cquan iu tra c quyn p dngmi bin php do lut nh xc nh ti phm v kphm ti, lp hsnghtruy t, tm ra nguyn nhn v iu kin phm ti, yu cu cc cquan, tchc hu quan p dng cc bin php khc phc, ngn nga.

Vc th, Cquan iu tra c tchc thnh nhiu n vkhc nhaubao gm Cquan iu tra lc lng Cng an nhn dn, Qun i nhn dn v

Vin kim st nhn dn. Tchc v thm quyn iu tra ca tng n vkhcnhau ph hp vi chc nng, nhim vtng n v.

2.1.1. Cquan iu tra thuc Cng an nhn dn4

4Xem thm Thng tca Btrng BCng an s12/2004/TT-BCA(V19) ngy 23 thng 9 nm 2004hng dn thi hnh mt squy nh ca Php lnh tchc iu tra hnh strong Cng an nhn dn;Quyt nh ca Btrng BCng an s768/2006/Q-BCA (V11) ngy 20 thng 6 nm 2006 ban hnh

quy nh phn cng trch nhim v quan h phi hp trong cng tc iu tra gii quyt tai nn giaothng ca lc lng Cnh st nhn dn



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chin tranh trnhng ti phm thuc thm quyn iu tra ca Cquan iutra trong Qun i nhn dn.

Thm quyn iu tra ca Cquan iu tra thuc lc lng An ninhnhn dn c phn nh cthnhsau:

Phng iu traca lc lng An ninh nhn dn iu tra cc vn hnh s v nhng ti phm c bit nghim trng, phc tp thucthm quyn iu tra ca Cquan An ninh iu tra Cng an cp tnh trongnhng trng hp quy nh nh trn nhng xt thy cn trc tip iutra.

i iu tra ca lc lng An ninh nhn dn cp tnh iu tracc v n hnh s v cc ti phm quy nh ti Chng XI, Chng

XXIV v cc ti phm quy nh ti cc iu 180, 181, 221, 222, 223,230, 231, 232, 236, 263, 264, 274 v 275 ca Blut hnh skhi cc ti

phm thuc thm quyn xt xca To n nhn dn cp tnh.

2.1.2. Cquan iu tra thuc Qun i nhn dn5

Trong Qun i nhn dn c hai h thng C quan iu tra l C quaniu tra hnh sv Cquan iu tra an ninh Qun i thuc BQuc phng

- Tchc:

Cp CQT hnh s CQ an ninh iu traTrung ng Phng THS Phng TANQ

Qun khu Ban THS Ban TANQ

Khu vc Bphn iu tra

- Thm quyn: cquan iu tra trong Qun i nhn dn iu tra nhngti phm thuc thm quyn xt xca Ta n qun s6. Trong :

+ Cquan iu tra hnh s:

Cquan iu tra hnh sBQuc phngiu tra cc vn hnh

svnhng ti phm c bit nghim trng, phc tp thuc thm quyn

5Xem thmNghquyt ca y ban Thng vQuc hi s728/2004/NQ -UB TV QH 11 ngy 20 thng8 nm 2004 Vvic thnh lp Cquan iu tra hnh s, Cquan an ninh iu tra qun khu v tngng, Cquan iu tra hnh skhu vc.

6Xem thmLut tchc Ta n nhn dn 2002;Php lnh tchc Ta n qun s2002; Thng tlin

tch To n nhn dn ti cao - Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao - B Quc phng - B Cng an S01/2005/TTLT-TANDTC-VKSNDTC-BQP-BCA ngy 18 thng 4 nm 2005 hng dn vthm quyn xtxca To n qun s



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iu tra ca Cquan iu tra hnh squn khu v tng ng nhngxt thy cn trc tip iu tra.

Cquan iu tra hnh squn khu v tng ngiu tra ccvn hnh svcc ti phm m khi cc ti phm thuc thm quynxt xca To n qun squn khu v tng ng hoc cc ti phmthuc thm quyn iu tra ca Cquan iu tra hnh skhu vc nhngxt thy cn trc tip iu tra.

Cquan iu tra hnh skhu vciu tra cc vn hnh sv

cc ti phm quy nh ti cc chng tChng XII n Chng XXIIIca B lut hnh skhi cc ti phm thuc thm quyn xt x caTo n qun skhu vc, trcc ti phm thuc thm quyn iu tra caCquan iu tra Vin kim st qun strung ng.

+ Cquan iu tra an ninh qun i:

Cquan An ninh iu tra BQuc phngiu tra cc vn hnhsvnhng ti phm c bit nghim trng, phc tp thuc thm quyniu tra ca Cquan An ninh iu tra qun khu v tng ng nhngxt thy cn trc tip iu tra.

Cquan An ninh iu tra qun khu v tng ngiu tra cc

vn hnh svcc ti phm quy nh ti Chng XI v Chng XXIVca B lut hnh skhi cc ti phm thuc thm quyn xt x caTo n qun squn khu v tng ng.

2.1.3. Cquan iu tra thuc Vin kim st nhn dn

- Tchc: Cquan iu tra thuc Vin kim st nhn dn bao gm CcPhng iu tra c t chc Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao v Bphniu tra thuc Vin kim st qun sTrung ng.

- Thm quyn: Cquan iu tra thuc Vin kim st nhn dn iu tra

mt sloi ti phm xm phm hot ng tphp m ngi phm ti l cnbthuc cc cquan tphp. Trong , Cquan iu tra Vin kim st nhndn ti cao iu tra cc vn hnh svmt sloi ti xm phm hot ngtphp m ngi phm ti l cn b thuc cc cquan tphp khi cc ti

phm thuc thm quyn xt x ca To n nhn dn, C quan iu traVin kim st qun strung ng iu tra cc vn hnh svcc ti phmtrn nhng trong trng hp cc ti phm thuc thm quyn xt xcaTo n qun s.



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Cquan khc c giao quyn tin hnh mt shot ng iu tra banu

Do tnh c th trong mt slnh vc qun l c bit v kp thi phthin v xl ti phm nhng vng bin gii, hi o iu 93 ca BLTTHS1988 quy nh c mt scc cquan c giao mt squyn hn iu tra banu bao gm Bi bin phng, Hi quan, Kim lm. Da vo nhng thnh qut c v nhng yu cu ca tnh hnh mi trong thc tin u tranh phngchng ti phm, BLTTHS 2003 bsung n vLc lng Cnh st bin cngl mt n v c quyn tin hnh mt s hot ng iu tra. Nh vy,BLTTHS 2003 tip tc ktha v pht trin nhng quy nh ny vi nhng nidung cthnhsau:

Bi Bin phng: Bi Bin phng tin hnh mt s hot ngiu tra ban u i vi cc ti phm quy nh ti Chng XI v cc iu 119,120, 153, 154, 172, 180, 181, 188, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 230, 232, 236, 263,

264, 273, 274 v 275 ca Blut hnh sxy ra trong khu vc bin gii trn tlin, bbin, hi o v trn cc vng bin do Bi bin phng qun l.

Cquan Hi quan:Hi quan chtin hnh mt shot ng iu traban u i vi ti phm bun lu hoc vn chuyn tri php hng ha, tin tqua bin gii trong lnh vc qun l ca mnh quy nh ti iu 153 v iu 154

ca Blut hnh s. Cquan Kim lm:Kim lm chtin hnh mt shot ng iu tra

ban u i vi mt s loi ti phm v ti nguyn rng c quy nh ti cciu 175, 189, 190, 191, 240 v 272 ca Blut hnh strong lnh vc m camnh qun l.

Cnh st bin:Cc n vCnh st bin trong khi lm nhim vmpht hin hnh vi phm ti vi phm Chng XI v cc iu 153, 154, 172, 183,188, 194, 195, 196, 212, 213, 221, 223, 230, 231, 232, 236, 238, 273 v 274 ca

Blut hnh sxy ra trn cc vng bin v thm lc a ca nc Cng ho xhi ch ngha Vit Nam do lc lng Cnh st bin qun l th c quyn tinhnh mt shot ng iu tra ban u.

Cc c quan khc thuc Cnh st nhn dn, An ninh nhn dn vQun i nhn dn

- Cc cquan khc thuc lc lng Cnh st nhn dn c giao quyntin hnh mt shot ng iu tra.

-

Cc cquan khc thuc lc lng An ninh nhn dn c giao quyntin hnh mt shot ng iu tra.



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- Cc cquan khc thuc Qun i nhn dn c giao quyn tin hnhmt shot ng iu tra.

2.2. Vin kim st 7

-

Chc nng, nhim v:Theo Lut Hin php 1992 quy nh th Vin kimst l mt trong bn c quan quan trng to nn Bmy Nh nc. Nu nh

Quc hi l c quan cao nht c quyn lp hin v lp php, Chnh ph l c

quan chp hnh ca Quc hi c nhim vchp hnh Hin php v Php lut do

Quc hi ban hnh th Vin kim st l cquan c Quc hi giao nhim v

kim tra v gim st vic tun theo Hin php v Php lut ca c quan Nh

nc, tchc kinh t, tchc x hi, cc n vlc lng vtrang v mi cng

dn trong hot ng tphp. Khi c hnh vi vi phm php lut trong lnh vc t

php th Vin kim st thc hin nhng bin php bo m cho Hin php v

Php lut c thi hnh nghim chnh trong phm vi cnc bng cch nhkin

nghkhc phc sa cha nhng thiu st sai lm trong qu trnh ttng, ngh

c quan c thm quyn thay i ngi tin hnh t tng, yu cu iu tra b

sung... Bn cnh chc nng kim st tphp chung i vi tt ccc hot ng

ttng th ring bit trong lnh vc ttng hnh s, cquan Vin kim st c

giao mt quyn nng c bit l c quan duy nht c quyn thc hnh quyn

cng t. y l chc nng c bit quan trng m lut qui nh, cho phpphn bit vtr ca Vin kim st nhn dn trong bmy Nh nc ta vi cc c

quan khc ca Nh nc. l quyn thay mt Nh nc truy tkphm ti ra

trc Ta n v nghTa n p dng loi hnh pht v mc hnh pht i vi

ngi phm ti.

Hot ng kim st vic tun theo php lut trong hot ng tphp v

thc hnh quyn cng tca Vin kim st nhn dn c mi quan hmt thit

vi nhau. Mt mt, hot ng kim st vic tun theo php lut trong cc hot

ng tphp ca Vin kim st l chc nng thay mt Nh nc gim vic tun

theo php lut, pht hin kp thi nhng hnh vi vi phm v a ra cc bin php

khc phc bo m cho php lut c thi hnh nghim chnh v thng nht. Mt

khc, thng qua chc nng kim st vic tun theo php lut lnh vc tphp m

pht hin c svi phm php lut n mc cn thit phi truy cu trch nhim

hnh sth Vin kim st thay mt Nh nc buc ti ngi vi phm php lut

c bin php xl ng n. Vic thc hin tt chc nng kim st tphp hnh

7Xem thmLut tchc Vin kim st nhn dn 2002; Php lnh tchc Vin kim st qun s2002



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s l mt iu kin c quan Vin kim st thc hin ng n v hiu qu

quyn cng t.

Ni tm li, trong ttng hnh s, Vin kim st c hai chc nng, nhim

vquan trng sau:+ Thc hnh quyn cng t;

+ Kim st vic tun theo php lut trong ttng hnh s.

Ngoi nhng nhim vnu trn, trong qu trnh thc hin nhim vkim

st vic tun theo php lut trong ttng hnh s, thc hin quyn cng t, Vin

kim st cn c nhim vtm ra nguyn nhn v iu kin phm ti, yu cu c

quan, tchc hu quan p dng bin php ngn nga, gii quyt khiu ni tco

trong ttng hnh s...- Tchc:thc hin chc nng nhim vca mnh, Vin kim st

c phn chia thnh cc cp sau y:

+ Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao;

+ Vin kim st nhn dn cp tnh;

+ Vin kim st nhn dn cp huyn;

+ Cc Vin ki

m st qun s

.

2.3. Ta n8

- Chc nng, nhim v:Theo Hin php 1992 th Ta n nhn dn lmt trong bn cquan quan trng ca bmy nh nc. Trong hthng bmy nh nc th Hin php quy nh Ta n l cquan duy nht ca ncCng ha x hi chngha Vit Nam c quyn xt x. Ta n c nhim vxt x ng ngi, ng ti, ng php lut cc v n hnh s, bo mquyn v li ch hp php ca nhng ngi tham gia ttng. Cth, trong

hot ng ttng hnh s, Ta n nhn dn c nhng nhim vsau:

+ Xt xnhng vn hnh s, quyt nh hnh pht;

+ Ra quyt nh thi hnh n v cc quyt nh khc trong giai onthi hnh n;

+ Gim c thm, ti thm vn hnh s;

8Xem thmLut tchc Ta n nhn dn 2002; Php lnh tchc Ta n qun s2002



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+ Khi tin hnh xt x, Ta n c nhim v lm r nguyn nhn viu kin phm ti, yu cu cc cquan v tchc hu quan p dng bin

php ngn nga; gii quyt khiu ni tco trong ttng hnh s

Ngoi ra, thng qua hot ng xt x, Ta n c nhim v giodc cng dn trung thnh vi Tquc, chp hnh nghim chnh php lut,gio dc thc u tranh chng v ngng nga ti phm, cc vi phm phplut khc.

- Tchc:Ta n c ccu tchc nhsau:

+ Ta n nhn dn ti cao;

+ Ta n nhn dn cp tnh;

+

Ta n nhn dn cp huyn;+ Cc Ta n qun s.

II.NGI TIN HNH TTNG

1.Khi nim

thc hin nhim vca cc cquan tin hnh ttng, Nh nc giaothm quyn cho mt sngi c quyn nhn danh Nh nc thc hin vickhi t, iu tra, truy tv xt xvn hnh s. Nhng ngi ny khi thc hinnhim vnhn danh cquan quyn lc nh nc c quyn p dng cc bin

php hp php do php lut quy nh nhm gii quyt v n hnh smt cchng n, bo vquyn li ca Nh nc, quyn v li ch hp php ca cngdn. Nhng ngi c Nh nc giao quyn thc hin cng vic ny c gil ngi tin hnh ttng.

Nhvy, Ngi tin hnh t tng l nhng ngi i din cho cquantin hnh ttng thc hin nhng nhim vtrong cc giai on ttng.

2.

Nhng ngi tin hnh ttng9

2.1.Thtrng, Ph Thtrng Cquan iu tra,iu tra vin

- Khi nim iu tra vin:iu tra vin l ngi c bnhim theoquy nh ca php lut lm nhim viu tra vn hnh s(iu 29 Phplnh tchc iu tra vn hnh s2004)

9

Xem thmNghquyt ca Hi ng Thm phn Ta n nhn dn ti cao s03/2004/NQ-HTP ngy02 thng 10 nm 2004 hng dn thi hnh mt s quy nh trong Phn th nht Nhng quy nhchung ca Blut ttng hnh s2003.



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- Tiu chun bnhim: Cng dn Vit Nam trung thnh vi Tquc vHin php nc Cng ho x hi chngha Vit Nam, c phm cht o ctt, lim khit v trung thc, c trnh i hc an ninh, i hc cnh sthoc i hc lut, c chng chnghip viu tra, c thi gian lm cng tc

thc tin theo quy nh ca Php lnh ny, c sc khe bo m hon thnhnhim vc giao th c thc bnhim lm iu tra vin.

Trong trng hp do nhu cu cn b, ngi c trnh i hc ccngnh khc c cc tiu chun ni trn v c chng chnghip viu trath cng c thc bnhim lm iu tra vin. (iu 30 Php lnh)

iu tra vin c ba bc l iu tra vin scp, iu tra vin trung cpv iu tra vin cao cp.

-

Thi gian bnhim:+ iu tra vin scp: Ngi c tiu chun nhtrn, c thi gian

lm cng tc php lut tbn nm tr ln, l s quan Cng an, s quanQun i ti ng, cn bVin kim st nhn dn, c khnng iu tra ccvn thuc loi ti phm t nghim trng, nghim trng th c thc bnhim lm iu tra vin scp;

+ iu tra vin trung cp: Ngi c tiu chun nh trn v liu tra vin s cp t nht l nm nm, c khnng iu tra cc v n

thuc loi ti phm rt nghim trng, c bit nghim trng v c khnnghng dn cc hot ng iu tra ca iu tra vin scp th c thc

bnhim lm iu tra vin trung cp.

Trong trng hp do nhu cu cn b, ngi c tiu chun nhtrn, c thi gian lm cng tc php lut tchn nmtrln, c khnngiu tra cc v n thuc loi ti phm rt nghim trng, c bit nghimtrng v c khnng hng dn cc hot ng iu tra ca iu tra vin scp th c thc bnhim lm iu tra vin trung cp;

+iu tra vin cao cp: Ngi c tiu chun nhtrn, l iutra vin trung cp t nht l nm nm, c khnng nghin cu, tng hp xut bin php phng, chng ti phm, c khnng iu tra cc vn thucloi ti phm rt nghim trng, c bit nghim trng, phc tp, c khnng hng dn cc hot ng iu tra ca iu tra vin scp, iu travin trung cp th c thc bnhim lm iu tra vin cao cp.

Trong trng hp do nhu cu cn b, ngi c tiu chun quy

nh ti khon 1 iu 30 Php lnh v c thi gian lm cng tc phplut tmi bn nm tr ln, c khnng nghin cu, tng hp xut



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bin php phng, chng ti phm, c khnng iu tra cc vn thuc loiti phm rt nghim trng, c bit nghim trng, phc tp, c kh nnghng dn cc hot ng iu tra ca iu tra vin s cp, iu tra vintrung cp th c thc bnhim lm iu tra vin cao cp.

iu tra vin lm vic theo nhim k. Nhim kca iu tra vin l nmnm ktngy c bnhim.

Vic b nhim, min nhim, cch chc v cp, thu hi giy chng nhniu tra vin trong Cng an nhn dn do B trng B Cng an quyt nh,trong Qun i nhn dn do Btrng BQuc phng quyt nh, Vin kimst nhn dn ti cao do Vin trng Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao quyt nh.

iu tra vin ng nhin c min nhim chc danh iu tra vin khi

ngh hu, chuyn cng tc khc. iu tra vin c th c min nhim chcdanh iu tra vin v l do sc kho, hon cnh gia nh hoc v l do khc mxt thy khng thbo m hon thnh nhim vc giao.

iu tra vin ng nhin b mt chc danh iu tra vin khi b kt tibng bn n ca To n c hiu lc php lut hoc bklut bng hnh thctc danh hiu Cng an nhn dn, tc qun hm squan Qun i nhn dn.

- Nhim v v quyn hn: Nhim vv quyn hn ca iu tra vin,Th trng, Ph Th trng c quan iu tra c quy nh ti iu 34,

iu 35BLTTHS 2003 trn cssa i bsung mt cch cbn iu 94BLTTHS 1988 theo hng cthha nhim v, quyn hn ca Thtrngcquan iu tra v iu tra vin, bsung quy nh mi vnhim v, quynhn v trch nhim ca Ph Thtrng cquan iu tra trong , Ph Thtrng Cquan iu tra c nhng nhim v, quyn hn nhThtrng Cquan iu tra khi thc hin iu tra vn hnh s.

Nhim v, quyn hn v trch nhim ca Thtrng, Ph ThtrngCquan iu tra: iu 34BLTTHS 2003

Nhim v, quyn hn v trch nhim ca iu tra vin (iu 35):Trong mt vn hnh scth, iu tra vin c nhng nhim vv quyn hnsau:

+ Lp hsvn hnh s;

+ Triu tp v hi cung b can; triu tp v ly li khai ngi lmchng, ngi b hi, nguyn n dn s, ngi c quyn li v ngha vlin quan n vn;

+ Quyt nh p gii bcan, quyt nh dn gii ngi lm chng;



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+ Thi hnh lnh bt, tm gi, tm giam, khm xt, thu gi, tm gi,k bin ti sn;

+ Tin hnh khm nghim hin trng, khm nghim tthi, i cht,nhn dng, thc nghim iu tra;

+ Tin hnh cc hot ng iu tra khc thuc thm quyn ca Cquan iu tra theo sphn cng ca Thtrng Cquan iu tra.

+ Th trng, Ph Th trng C quan iu tra, iu tra vin phichu trch nhim trc php lut v trc Thtrng Cquan iu tra vnhng hnh vi v quyt nh ca mnh.

2.2. Vin trng, Ph Vin trng Vin kim st, Kim st vin 10

-

Khi nim Kim st vin:Kim st vin l ngi c bnhim theoquy nh ca php lut lm nhim vthc hnh quyn cng tv kim stcc hot ng tphp (iu 1Php lnh Kim st vin Vin kim st nhndn 2002).

- Tiu chun bnhim:Cng dn Vit Nam trung thnh vi Tquc vHin php nc Cng ha x hi chngha Vit Nam, c phm cht o ctt, lim khit v trung thc, c trnh c nhn lut, c o to vnghip vkim st, c tinh thn kin quyt bo vphp chx hi chngha,

c thi gian cng tc thc tin theo quy nh ca php lut, c sc khe bo m hon thnh nhim vc giao th c thc tuyn chn v bnhim lm Kim st vin. (iu 2Php lnh).

- Thi gian bnhim:

+ Kim st vin Vin kim st nhn dn cp huyn v Vin kim stqun skhu vc: ngi c tiu chun trn, c thi gian cng tc phplut tbn nmtrln, c nng lc thc hnh quyn cng tv kim stcc hot ng tphp thuc thm quyn ca Vin kim st nhn dn cphuyn, Vin kim st qun s khu vc th c thc tuyn chn v bnhim lm Kim st vin Vin kim st nhn dn cp huyn; nu ngi l s quan qun i ti ng th c thc tuyn chn v b nhim lmKim st vin Vin kim st qun skhu vc.

+ Kim st vin Vin kim st nhn dn cp tnh v Vin kim stqun scp qun khu: ngi c iu kin trn v l Kim st vinVin kim st nhn dn cp huyn, Kim st vin Vin kim st qun s

khu vc t nht l nm nm hocngi c thi gian cng tc php lut10Xem thmPhp lnh Kim st vin Vin kim st nhn dn 2002v cc vn bn hng dn thi hnh



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tmi nmtrln, c nng lc thc hnh quyn cng tv kim st cchot ng tphp thuc thm quyn ca Vin kim st nhn dn cp tnh,Vin kim st qun s cp qun khu, c kh nng hng dn nghip vkim st i vi Vin kim st cp di th c thc tuyn chn v b

nhim lm Kim st vin Vin kim st nhn dn cp tnh; nu ngi lsquan qun i ti ngth c thc tuyn chn v bnhim lm Kimst vin Vin kim st qun scp qun khu.

+ Kim st vin Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao v Vin kim stqun strung ng: ngi c iu kin trn v l Kim st vin Vinkim st nhn dn cp tnh, Kim st vin Vin kim st qun squn khut nht l nm nm, hoc ngi c thi gian cng tc php lut tmilm nmtrln c nng lc thc hnh quyn cng tv kim st cc hot

ng tphp thuc thm quyn ca Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao, Vinkim st qun s trung ng, c khnng hng dn nghip vkim sti vi Vin kim st cp di th c thc tuyn chn v bnhim lmKim st vin Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao; nu ngi l squan quni ti ngth c thc tuyn chn v bnhim lm Kim st vin Vinkim st qun strung ng.

Kim st vin lm vic theo nhim k. Nhim k ca Kim stvin l nm nm, ktngy c bnhim.

-

Nhim vv quyn hn: Cng nhquy nh vngha v, quyn hnv trch nhim ca iu tra vin, BLTTHS 2003 cng c thha nhngquy nh vngha v, quyn hn v trch nhim ca Vin trng Vin kimst, Kim st vin; bsung ngha v, quyn hn v trch nhim ca Ph Vintrng Vin kim st. V nhim v, quyn hn v trch nhim ca Vintrng, Ph Vin trng Vin kim st c quy nh ti iu 36 BLTTHS2003.

Vnhim v, quyn hn v trch nhim chung ca Kim st vin, theo

Chng II Php lnh Kim st vin Vin kim st nhn dn 2002, v c bnKim st vin c nhng nhim vv quyn hn sau y:

+ Thc hnh quyn cng t, kim st cc hot ng t php thucthm quyn ca Vin kim st cp mnh theo sphn cng ca Vin trngv chu trch nhim trc Vin trng;

+ Khi thc hin nhim v, Kim st vin phi tun theo php lut vchu scho trc tip ca Vin trng Vin kim st cp mnh v slnh

o thng nht ca Vin trng Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao; Kim st



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vin c quyn tchi nhim vc giao, tchi tin hnh ttng hoc bthay i trong cc trng hp do php lut quy nh.

+ Trong phm vi cng tc c giao, Kim st vin c quyn ra quytnh, khng ngh, yu cu theo quy nh ca php lut, trnhng vic thucthm quyn ca Vin trng.

+ Kim st vin khng c lm nhng vic sau y: nhng vic mphp lut quy nh cn b, cng chc khng c lm; tvn cho ngs, ngi tham gia t tng khng ng quy nh ca php lut; can thiptri php lut vo vic gii quyt vn hoc li dng nh hng ca mnhtc ng n ngi c trch nhim gii quyt vn; em hsvn hocti liu trong hsvn ra khi cquan, nu khng v nhim vc giaohoc khng c sng ca ngi c thm quyn; tip bcan, bco,ng shoc ngi tham gia ttng khc trong vn m mnh c thmquyn gii quyt ngoi ni quy nh.

Trong hot ng t tng i vi vn hnh scth, Kim st vinc nhng nhim vv quyn hn sau y (iu 37 BLTTHS):

+ Kim st vic khi t, kim st cc hot ng iu tra v vic lphsvn ca Cquan iu tra;

+ ra yu cu iu tra;

+ Triu tp v hi cung b can; triu tp v ly li khai ngi lmchng, ngi bhi, nguyn n dn s, bn dn s, ngi c quyn li,ngha vlin quan n vn;

+ Kim st vic bt, tm gi, tm giam;

+ Tham gia phin ta; c co trng, quyt nh ca Vin kim stlin quan ti vic gii quyt vn; hi, a ra chng cv thc hin viclun ti; pht biu quan im vvic gii quyt vn; tranh lun vi nhng

ngi tham gia ttng ti phin ta;

+ Kim st vic tun theo php lut trong hot ng xt xca Tan, ca nhng ngi tham gia t tng v kim st cc bn n, quyt nhca Ta n;

+ Kim st vic thi hnh n, quyt nh ca Ta n;

+ Thc hin cc nhim v, quyn hn khc thuc thm quyn caVin kim st theo sphn cng ca Vin trng Vin kim st;



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+ Kim st vin phi chu trch nhim trc php lut v trc Vintrng Vin kim st vnhng hnh vi v quyt nh ca mnh.

2.3. Chnh n, Ph Chnh n Ta n, Thm phn, Hi thm, Thk

Ta n11

2.3.1 Chnh n, Ph Chnh n Ta n,Thm phn

- Khi nim Thm phn: Thm phn l ngi c bnhim theo quynh ca php lut lm nhim vxt xnhng vn v gii quyt nhngvic khc thuc thm quyn ca Ta n. (Khon 1 iu 1Php lnh Thm

phn v Hi thm nhn dn 2002)

- Tiu chun Thm phn:Cng dn Vit Nam trung thnh vi Tqucv Hin php nc Cng ha x hi chngha Vit Nam, c phm cht oc tt, lim khit v trung thc, c tinh thn kin quyt bo vphp chxhi chngha, c trnh cnhn lut v c o to vnghip vxtx, c thi gian cng tc thc tin, c nng lc lm cng tc xt xtheo quynh ca Php lnh ny, c sc khe bo m hon thnh nhim vc giaoth c thc tuyn chn v bnhim lm Thm phn. (Khon 1 iu 5Php lnh)

- Thi gian bnhim Thm phn:

+

Thm phn Ta n nhn dn cp huyn, Ta n qun skhu vc:ngi c nhng iu kin trn, c thi gian cng tc php lut tbnnmtrln, c nng lc xt xnhng vn v gii quyt nhng vic khcthuc thm quyn ca Ta n nhn dn cp huyn, Ta n qun skhu vcth c thc tuyn chn v bnhim lm Thm phn Ta n nhn dncp huyn; nu ngi l squan qun i ti ngth c thc tuynchn v bnhim lm Thm phn Ta n qun skhu vc.

+ Thm phn Ta n nhn dn cp tnh, Ta n qun s cp qun

khu: ngi c nhng iu kin trn, l Thm phn Ta n nhn dncp huyn, Ta n qun skhu vc t nht l nm nmhocngi cthi gian cng tc php lut tminmtrln c nng lc xt xnhngvn v gii quyt nhng vic khc thuc thm quyn ca Ta n nhn dncp tnh, Ta n qun scp qun khu c thc tuyn chn v bnhimlm Thm phn Ta n nhn dn cp tnh; nu ngi l squan qun i

11Xem thmPhp lnh Thm phn v Hi thm nhn dn 2002; Thng tlin tch Ta n nhn dn ti

cao BQuc phng BNi v- y ban Trung ng Mt trn Tquc Vit Nam s01/2003/TTLT-TANDTC-BQP-BNV-UBTWMTTQVN ngy 01 thng 4 nm 2003 hng dn thi hnh mt squy nhca Php lnh Thm phn v Hi thm nhn dn 2002.



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ti ng th c thc tuyn chn v b nhim lm Thm phn Ta nqun scp qun khu.

+ Thm phn Ta n nhn dn ti cao, Ta n qun s trung ng:ngi c nhng iu kin trn, l Thm phn Ta n nhn dn cptnh t nht l nm nmhocngi c thi gian cng tc php lut tmi lmnmtrln, c nng lc xt xnhng vn v gii quyt nhngvic khc thuc thm quyn ca Ta n nhn dn ti cao, Ta n qun strung ng th c thc tuyn chn v bnhim lm Thm phn Ta nnhn dn ti cao; nu ngi l squan qun i ti ngth c thctuyn chn v bnhim lm Thm phn Ta n qun strung ng.

Thm phn lm vic theo nhim k. Nhim kca Thm phn l nmnm, ktngy c bnhim. Thm phn ng nhin c min nhimchc danh Thm phn khi nghhu. Thm phn c thc min nhim chcdanh Thm phn do sc kho, do hon cnh gia nh hoc v l do khc mxt thy khng thbo m hon thnh nhim vc giao.

- Nhim vv quyn hn:BLTTHS 2003 cthha nhng quy nhvngha v, quyn hn v trch nhim ca Chnh n Ta n nhn dn, Thm

phn; bsung ngha v, quyn hn v trch nhim ca Ph Chnh n Ta nnhn dn. Nhng quy nh v nhim v, quyn hn v trch nhim caChnh n, Ph Chnh n Ta n nhn dn c quy nh ti iu 38BLTTHS 2003.

Theo Php lnh Thm phn v Hi thm Ta n nhn dn 2002, vcbn, Thm phn c nhng nhim v, quyn hn sau:

+ Xt x nhng v n v gii quyt nhng vic khc thuc thmquyn ca Ta n theo sphn cng ca Chnh n Ta n ni ang cngtc hoc Ta n ni c bit phi n lm nhim vc thi hn;

+ Yu cu c quan, t chc, c nhn thi hnh nhng quyt nh clin quan n vic gii quyt nhng vn hoc nhng vic khc theo quynh ca php lut.

+ Thm phn khng c lm nhng vic sau y: nhng vic mphp lut quy nh cn b, cng chc khng c lm; tvn cho ngs, ngi tham gia t tng khng ng quy nh ca php lut; can thiptri php lut vo vic gii quyt vn hoc li dng nh hng ca mnhtc ng n ngi c trch nhim gii quyt vn; em hsvn hocti liu trong hsvn ra khi cquan, nu khng v nhim vc giaohoc khng c sng ca ngi c thm quyn; tip bcan, bco,



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ng shoc ngi tham gia ttng khc trong vn m mnh c thmquyn gii quyt ngoi ni quy nh.

+ Thm phn phi t chi tham gia xt x hoc b thay i trongnhng trng hp do php lut ttng quy nh.

Trong mt v n hnh s c th, Thm phn c nhng nhim vvquyn hn sau y (iu 39BLTTHS):

+Nghin cu hsvn trc khi mphin ta;

+ Tham gia xt xcc vn hnh s;

+ Tin hnh cc hot ng ttng v biu quyt nhng vn thucthm quyn ca Hi ng xt x;

+

Tin hnh cc hot ng ttng khc thuc thm quyn ca Ta ntheo sphn cng ca Chnh n Ta n;

+ Quyt nh p dng, thay i hoc hy b bin php ngn chntheo quy nh ca BLTTHS 2003;

+ Quyt nh trhsiu tra bsung;

+ Quyt nh a vn ra xt x; quyt nh nh chhoc tm nhchvn;

+

Quyt nh triu tp nhng ngi cn xt hi n phin ta;

+ Tin hnh cc hot ng ttng khc thuc thm quyn ca Ta ntheo sphn cng ca Chnh n Ta n.

+ Thm phn phi chu trch nhim trc php lut vnhng hnh viv quyt nh ca mnh.

Ngoi nhng nhim v, quyn hn trn, Thm phn l Chnh ta, PhChnh ta Ta phc thm Ta n nhn dn ti cao c quyn cp, thu hi giy

chng nhn ngi bo cha.

2.3.2 Hi thm12:

- Khi nim Hi thm: Hi thm l ngi c bu hoc c theo quynh ca php lut lm nhim vxt xnhng vn thuc thm quynca Ta n. (Khon 2 iu 1Php lnh Thm phn v Hi thm nhn dn).

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