giang bai chat dien li
TRANSCRIPT
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Nhng lu v chng 1:
S IN LI
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Nhng lu v chng 1:
S IN LITng s tit: CT chun: 7
CT nng cao: 11
Trong CT chun khng c:1. C ch ca qu trnh in li.2. in li.
3. Thuyt axit-baz ca Bron-stt.4. Cc hng s phn li axit v baz.5. S thy phn ca mui.
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V phng php
Lm th nghim biu din trc khi cpn ni dung.
Hc sinh quan st th nghim rt ranhn xt v gii thch.
G
io vin phn tch kin ng, sai cahc sinh v kt lun.
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V ni dung
Khi nim v cht in li.
Cht in li mnh v cht in li yu.
Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cccht in li.
Nhng ch s c ngha v quy tc lm trns.
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Khi nim v cht in li
1. nh ngha cht in li
SGK ci cch: Cht in li l nhng cht tantrong nc thnh dung dch dn c in
(trang 4).SGKhin nay: Cht in li l cht phn li ra ionkhi tan trong nc.
Th d: SO3 + H2O p H2SO4(cht khng in li) (cht in li)
Ch axit, baz v mui l nhng cht in li.
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Khi nim v cht in li
2. Cc axit, baz v mui gi l khng tan cng lnhng cht in li.
Cht gi l khng tan ch l quy c. lnhng cht c tan rt nh. Th d: Trong dungdch bo ha AgCl, Fe(OH)2 250C:
[Ag+] = [Cl] = 1,2.105 mol/l
[Fe2+] = 5,80.106 mol/l ; [OH ] = 1,16.10 5 mol/l
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Cht in li mnh v yu
1. nh ngha cht in li mnh
SGK ci cch: Cht in li mnh l nhngcht phn li gn nh hon ton (trang 9).
SGK hin nay: Cht in li mnh l cht khi
tan trong nc cc phn t ha tan u phn lira ion.
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Cht in li mnh v yu1. nh ngha cht in li mnh (tip theo)Th d: Nu MgSO4 phn li gn nh hon ton ta c:
MgSO4 ' Mg2+ + SO42
l iu v l.
Hoc nu trn hai dung dch:Mg2+ + SO42 p MgSO4Phn ng ny xy ra l v l.
][MgSO][SO][MgK
4
24
2
c
!
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8/9/2019 Giang Bai Chat Dien Li
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Cht in li mnh v yu
1. nh ngha cht in li mnh (tip theo)
Cng khng nh ngha cht in li mnh phn li
hon ton ra ion.Th d: NaHCO3 v H2SO4 l cc cht in li mnh:
NaHCO3 p Na+ + HCO3 Phn li hon ton
HCO3 ' H+ + CO32 113
2
3c 4,8.10][HCO
][CO][HK
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Cht in li mnh v yu
1. nh ngha cht in li mnh (tip theo)
H2SO4 p H+ + SO4
Phn li hon ton
HSO4 ' H+ + SO42
Nc in li th hai tr i khng bao gi hon ton.
2
4
24
c 1,0.10][HSO
][SO][HK
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Cht in li mnh v yu
2. in li E v hng s phn li Kc
Khi pha long dn dung dch, E ca cht in li yu
dn tin ti 1, nhng khng bao gi bng 1 (khccht in li mnh):
E = 1 l v l.
1
K
2
c
!
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Phn ng trao i ion trong
dung dch cc cht in li (tip theo)Kt lun ny khng cp n cc cht phnng phi l cc cht d tan hoc l cc cht
in li mnh. Th d:
FeS (r) + 2H+ p Fe2+ + H2So
Fe2+
+ H2Sp
FeSq
+ 2H+
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Phn ng trao i ion trong
dung dch cc cht in li (tip theo)Kt lun ny cng khng cp n sn phm phi lcht t tan hn hoc in li yu hn. Th d:
AgI (r) + Cl
p AgCl q + I
vng trng
Min l [Cl ][Ag+] " Ks (tch s tan ca AgCl), mcd AgI t tan hn AgCl.
CH3COO+ H2O' CH3COOH + OH
H2O l cht in li yu hn CH3COOH, nhng phnng vn xy ra.
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Nhng ch s c ngha v
quy tc lm trn s (tip theo)3. Cc s khng:
1002 ; 23,00
0,005020 ; 0,05000 4 ch shoc hoc c ngha
5,020.103 5,000.102
khng vit
5,02.103 5,00.102 : 3 ch s c ngha.
5.102 : 1 ch s c ngha.
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Nhng ch s c ngha v
quy tc lm trn s (tip theo)4. S khng sau ch s khc, khng c du
thp phn
500 : 3, 2 hoc 1 ch s c ngha:
5,00.102 : 3 ch s c ngha.
5,0.102
: 2 ch s c ngha.5.102 : 1 ch s c ngha.
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Nhng ch s c ngha v
quy tc lm trn s (tip theo)5.
52,13 60,10
+ 1,2 10,03453,33 53,3 50,066 50,07
6.
6,121v 2,0012,242 12,2
3,33,3330,3
00,10!
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Sau y xin nu mt s kin cc ni gi cho Nh xut
bn GD v tc gi, nu cn cth trao i.
Nhng lu v chng 1:
S IN LI
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Mt s kin gi cho
NXB GD v tc gi3. Cht in li mnh l cht in li
hon ton ra ion khi tan trong nc.
4. H2SO4 v Ca(OH)2 phn li hon tonra ion theo cc phng trnh sau:
H2SO4 p 2H+ + SO42Ca(OH)2 p Ca2+ + 2OH
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Mt s kin gi cho
NXB GD v tc gi
5. Nhng cht gi l khng tan khng
phi l cc cht in li hoc ch l cccht in li yu.
6. Khi pha rt long dung dch cht inli yu in li E = 1.
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Mt s kin gi cho
NXB GD v tc gi7. Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch
cc cht in li xy ra hon ton khito ra t nht mt trong cc cht sau:cht khng tan, cht in li yu, chtbay hi.
8. Khng nn a Cu(OH)2 l chtlng tnh vo SGK.
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CHN THNHCM N !