ghonimi et al. understanding and formulating the impact of gated communities inside greater cairo...

8/3/2019 Ghonimi Et Al. Understanding and Formulating The Impact of Gated Communities inside Greater Cairo Region urban fabric

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Ablkihi ep cd+$ Ukèr}pckìka ck` jlrhudcpika acpe` mlhhukipie} ik}iè Arecper Mcirl keq plqk} urock jcorim$0:pb I]LMC_V Mlkare}}$ ?636

3

UK@E_]PCK@IKA CK@ JL_HUDCPIKA ACPE@ MLHHUKIPIE]

IK]I@E AM_! KEQ PLQK] U_OCK JCO_IMI}dch Ablkihi

Bc}}ck Cdwchdy

Hlbche` Nbciry

Hlbche` ]lidhck

3+ IKP_L@UMPILKPbi} vcver i} ikpere}pe` lj ckcdywika Acpe` Mlhhukipie}$ mripimiwika pbeir ejjimiekmy c} c bldi}pim vcpperk jlr urock

èzedlvhekp$ bekme sue}pilk pbeir mlkprioupilk pl urock èzedlvhekp$ ckp pbeir mlhvcpioidipy ik Eayvpick mlkpep+

Qipb sue}pilk blq pl ekbckme pbeir mlkprioupilk pl urock èzedlvhekp$ ck` blq pl reùme pbeir keacpize ihvcmp} lk

urock èzedlvhekp+

Ik c vrezilu} vuodi}be` vcver "ablkihi ?636)$ pbe vrlme}} pbcp vrizcpiwcpilk bc} cjjempe` pbe jlrhudcpilk lj acpe`

urock jlrh ik pbe mipy cre evdlre`$ acpe` mlhhukipie} cre mlhvcrika qipb lvek mlhhukipie} ik pbe qcy} ik qbimb

pbe}e pyve} lj èzedlvhekp} cre mlddempizedy re}bcve pbe vuodim ck` vrizcpe recdh}$ ck` jikcddy acpe` mlhhukipie} cre

mripimiwe` ik pbeir rejerekme pl prcìpilkcd Eayvpick ecrdy }pcae} jlr èzedlvhekp$ ik pbeir mlhvcpioidipy jlr ukisuembcrcmperi}pim} lj Eayvpick keq plqk}$ ck` pbeir rejerekme pl ìhek}ilk} lj all` urock jlrh pbelrie}+

Ip i} mlkmduè` pbcp acpe` mlhhukipie} cre klp c bldi}pim cvvrlcmb jlr urock èzedlvhekp+ Pbere i} c ìzi}ilk oepqeek

vrcmpime lj acpe` mlhhukipie} ck` pbelrie} lj all` mlhhukipie}> pbere i} c ìzi}ilk oepqeek ik}erpe` qe}perkiwe`

acpe` vcpperk ck` resuire` }uvvl}e` mlhvcpiode vcpperk qipb ukisue mbcrcmperi}pim} lj A+M+_ keq plqk}+ Ck` pbcp

acpe` mlhhukipie} cdqcy} hcne himrl ikpere}p lk pbe ml}p lj hcmrl }viddlzer}$ pbi} i} klp lkdy ik dizcoidipy oup cd}l ik

}cjepy$ }u}pcikcoidipy$ ck` lpber ìjjerekp mbcrcmperi}pim} lj all` urock jlrh+ Jikcddy qe mlkmduè` pbcp pbe cupblripy

`lkp bcze cky cqcreke}} lj pbe ihvcmp lj zcrie` vby}imcd mbcrcmperi}pim} lj acpe` mlhhukipie}+

Jrlh pbi} vlikp$ ck` c} pbe }vrec` lj pbi} vcpperk ck` ip} vrlodeh} bc} pl oe cvvecre`$ c arecp pbelrepimcd prek` bc}

}pcrpe` pl ì}mlzer pbi} vbeklhekc+ C} c vdckker}$ qe }blud` ècd qipb pbi} vbeklhekc$ ì}mlzer ck` hec}ure ip}

ihvcmp lk himrl mlhhukipy ck` c`gcmekp mlhhukipy$ ì}mlzer ip} vlpekpicdipie} ck` mlk}prcikp}$ ck` èjike ip} rlde ikurock èzedlvhekp+ Oe}iè$ pbe }beer zcriepy ck` ìzer}ipy lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie} vby}imcd jlrh} pbcp cre }vrikaika uv

ik urock jcorim lj lur mipie}$ aize ri}e pl c ìzer}ipy lj keacpize ihvcmp} lk urock èzedlvhekp+ Pbi} rci}e} c zery

mbcddekaika sue}pilk colup èzedlvhekp mriperic jlr vdck ck` dck`(}uoìzi}ilk cvvrlzcd$ colup pbe oe}p u}e lj Acpe`

Mlhhukipie} vby}imcd mbcrcmperi}pim} pbcp mlud` reùme pbeir ukqckpe` ihvcmp} lk urock èzedlvhekp+ Qe }blud` jik`

pbe }uipcode vdckkika re}vlk}e pl ècd qipb pbi} vbeklhekc$ ìrempika ip pl pbe }cne lj }u}pcikcoidipy$ ikpearipy$

dizcoidipy lj urocki}h+

Echikika pbe ihvcmp lj acpe` mlhhukipie} lk urock èzedlvhekp$ ck` pbeir ihvcmp lk pbe èperhikcpilk lj Acpe`

Mlhhukipie} vby}imcd mbcrcmperi}pim} i} c mripimcd vlikp$ qbcp jcmplr i} cjjempika pbeir ejjimiekmy+ Pql crauhekp} cre

ck}qere` ik pbi} re}ecrmb+ Pbe jir}p crauhekp i} colup acpe` mlhhukipie} ihvcmp lk urock èzedlvhekp jlr himrl

vrizcpe mlhhukipy zer}u} c`gcmekp vuodim mlhhukipy+ @l acpe` mlhhukipie} bc} c lke qcy ihvcmp lkdy lk c`gcmekp

mlhhukipy lr himrl mlhhukipy< Lr pbere i} c `luode ihvcmp lk olpb hcmrl vuodim mlhhukipy ck` cd}l himrl vrizcpemlhhukipy


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?+ HEPBL@LDLAYIk lrèr pl ì}mu}} pbe hcik crauhekp lj pbi} re}ecrmb$ pbe }pu`y kee` pl ck}qer pbe jlddlqika7 Jir}pdy$ pl èùme

ezcducpilk mriperic pl ezcducpe ck` echike acpe` mlhhukipie} mlkprioupilk pl urock èzedlvhekp+ ]emlk`dy$ pl

echike pbe pql }iè ihvcmp lj acpe` mlhhukipie} lk himrl mlhhukipy ck` c`gcmekp mlhhukipy$ pbek pbelriwe pbe

redcpilk oepqeek himrl ihvcmp ck` hcmrl ihvcmp$ c} c mlk}prcikp jlr èperhikika acpe` jecpure} vby}imcd

mbcrcmperi}pim}+ Pbir`dy$ pl èzedlv ckcdypimcd plld pl mlkmevpucdiwe pbe ihvcmp lj acpe` mlhhukipie} lk pbe

èperhikcpilk lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie} vby}imcd mbcrcmperi}pim} ik lrèr pl cmbieze urock èzedlvhekp$ ekìka uv qipb

èzedlvhekp mriperic pbcp ekcode vdckker} pl mbll}e ikìziùcd$ dlmcpilk$ ck` arluvika mbcrcmperi}pim} pbcp mck reùme

pbe keacpize ihvcmp} lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie} lk urock èzedlvhekp+ Pbi} hlèd vrlziè klp lkdy rimber ikjlrhcpilk lk

pbe è}iak mbcrcmper lj acpe` mlhhukipie} ck` ljjer keq$ ikpere}pika ik}iabp} ikpl blq mbcrcmperi}pim} bc} cjjempe`

himrl ck` c`gcmekp mlhhukipy èzedlvhekp$ oup cd}l ip }uaae}p} esuidioriuh ejjemiekp mbcrcmbper}pim} ik qbimb dck`

}uoìzi}ilk$ dck` u}e ck` prck}vlrpcpilk vldimie} hiabp oe hl}p keeè` ck` ikjduekpicd+

=+ UK@E_]PCK@IKAPBEIHVCMPLJACPE@JECPU_E]LKU_OCK@EZEDLVHEKPEpekìka lur vrezilu} mripimi}h$ ck` qipb rejerekme pl pbe resuirehekp} lj pbe cih lj pbi} vcver$ bere qe qidd hcne c

keq mdc}}ijie` mripimi}h jlr acpe` mlhhukipie} ihvcmp} lk pql dezed} pbe jir}p lk himrl dezed c}vemp} ck` pbe lpber lkhcmrl dezed c}vemp }evcrcpedy+ Ck` pbek mlhvcre pbe}e pql vlde} pl jik` pbe redcpilk oepqeek pbeh+ C} c vrihcry }pcae

pl hec}ure pbeir redcpilk}biv qipb acpe` mlhhukipie} vby}imcd mbcrcmperi}pim}+

Lk pbe lke bck`$ ]lhe craue pbcp olpb rezecd vlvudcr }prcpeaie} pbcp èzedlver} u}e jlr mrecpika keq }uouro} c}

cpprcmpize mlhhlìpie}> olpb re}vlk` pl pbe }che jecr} ck` mlkmerk} colup pbe mlkpehvlrcry mipy> olpb rejdemp c

vlvudcr }ecrmb jlr mizidipy$ mbcrcmper$ ck` cupbekpimipy ik pbe urock ekzirlkhekp ck` c redickme lk }urzeiddckme jlr

}lmicd mlkprld ik pbe mlkpehvlrcry mipy "Mbri}plvber}lk 3990)> olpb re}vlk` pl pbe vermeize` dl}} lj c }ek}e lj

mlhhukipy ik ikù}pricd mipie} "Hlrri} 399:> Pcdek ?666)+ ]lhe craue pbcp Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ljjer vrlhi}e} lj

becdpby$ mlhjlrp$ mlkzekiekme$ zcrilu} }erzime}$ vecme ck` suiep ekzirlkhekp "Nuvvikaer * Mlddeae ?660$ v+ 0:)+

Lpber ehvbc}iwe du}b hckimure` dck`}mcve$ crmbipempure mbcrcmper$ }emuripy$ ck` ì}pikmpize chekipie} ck` }erzime}

jcmidipie} "Ylu}ry ?6697 v+ =)+ Lpber craue pbcp Acpe` Mlhhukipie} vrlziè pbe è}ire jlr ck ihcaikcry lr ihcaike`

mlhhukipy dec`} mlk}uher} pl dlln jlr ekbckme` }uourock ekzirlkhekp} lj pbe nik` vrlhi}e` oy pbe}e mlkpehvlrcryhlzehekp} "Mbri}plvber 3990> Nkl ?665> Nlbk ?660)+

Lk pbe lpber bck`$ }lhe craue pbcp jlr himrl mlhhukipy$ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ikprlùme all` himrl mlhhukipy ck`

re}udpe` ik zi}ucddy cpprcmpize ck` lvek mlhhukipie}+ Lk pbe mlkprcry$ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} bcze keacpize ihvcmp} lk

c`gcmekp mlhhukipy$ pbey pekè` pl vrizcpiwe pbe vuodim recdh$ ck` purke` cqcy jrlh pbe mipy+ Lpber} craue pbcp Acpe`

Mlhhukipie} bcze c è}prumpize ihvcmp lk pbe dlka(perh }u}pcikcoidipy lj mipie} "Dck`hck$ ?66=)+ Jlr }lhe vdckker}

Acpe` Mlhhukipie} mlk}pipupe lvvlrpukipie} jlr urock ikklzcpilk qipb keq }ldupilk} ck`$ jlr lpber}$ pbeir }vrec`

revre}ekp c }prlka pbrecp pl lur mipie} ck` lur urock qcy lj dije$ ck` pbey kee` pl oe re}primpe`$ ì}mlurcae` ck`

vrezekpe`+ Pbere i} c }prlka klrhcpize edehekp ik pbi} èocpe> mlkjdimp ck` ìjjerekp vlikp} lj zieq pl Acpe`

Mlhhukipie}$ mlkjdimp oepqeek lvvlkekp vlikp lj zieq ck` }uvvlrper vlikp lj zieq+

Oc}e` lk pbelrie} lj all` urock jlrh "Ablkihi ?633)$ ìjjerekp ezcducpilk èzedlvhekp mriperic cre èùme` lkurock$ jukmpilkcd$ }lmicd$ emlklhim$ ck` ekzirlkhekpcd c}vemp} lj èzedlvhekp+ Pbe}e mriperic cre u}e` pl ezcducpe ck`

echike acpe` mlhhukipie} mlkprioupilk pl urock èzedlvhekp lk himrl mlhhukipy ck` c`gcmekp mlhhukipy+

=+3+ Himrl mlhhukipy }mcde=+3+3+Urock c}vemp

Pl ihvrlze pbe urock$ vermevpucd$ ck` zi}ucd verjlrhckme lj himrl mlhhukipy$ vdckker} ck` è}iaker} kee` pl

ihvrlze }ujjimiekp zipcd ck` ejjimiekp ìzer}e }vcme}$ vrlhlpe vermevpucd mbcrcmper lj urock jlrh ck` dije$ pl oe

cpprcmpize$ buhck$ urockiwe`$ urock zipcdipy$ becdpb ck` sucdipy lj dije7

]ujjimiekp urock

}vcme}

_ejer} pl }ujjimiekp crec lj pbe mlhhukipy pbcp vrlziè} }ujjimiekp urock }vcme} pl oe

cpprcmpize$ buhck$ ck` urockiwe` "Uroe` 3991)+ Ihvrlze` oy hcnika c kepqlrn lj }preep}

ck` }sucre} pbcp cre qidd lo}erze` ck` cmme}}e`$ c mripimcd hc}} lj cmpizipy pl ckihcpe}preep} ck` vuodim }vcme}$ Ekmlurcae urock areekika ik chedilrcpika vlddupilk$ ihvrlze

vuodim prck}vlrpcpilk kee`}$ ekmlurcae mlhvcmp ck` hie` u}e jlrh} lj èzedlvhekp


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=

"Himbced orbeky 399?)+ Mrecpize redcpilk}biv oepqeek ouidìka$ rlupe}$ lvek }vcme}+

Ejjimiekp urock

}vcme}

_ejer} pl ejjimiekp mlhhukipy }iwe pbcp ekcode c mripimcd hc}} lj cmpizipie} pl ckihcpe }preep}

ck` vuodim }vcme} ck` ejjimiekp ck` ìzer}e cmpizipie} }vcme} pbcp ek}ure ìzer}ipy ck`

mblime}$ zipcdipy$ zcriepy ck` mlhvdeipy++ Ihvrlze` oy ouid` èk}ipie} pl }uvvlrp mripimcd

hc}} lj cmpizipy code pl }uvvlrp zicode rckae lj u}e} ck` jcmidipie}$ hcikpcik zcriepy ck`cmpizipy mrecpe c dizcode mlhhukipy oy ikmduìka hi lj u}e}+ "Jrey 3999$ Keqplk ?666$

Ouplk ?666$ Uroi` 3991)+ Pbe zicode }iwe klp lkdy cmmlrìka pl biab èk}ipy oup cd}l ùe

pl pbe hudpivde ikpercmpilk ck` embckae oepqeek ìjjerekp vcrp} ik pbe mipy+

@izer}ipy ck`

mblime}

_ejer} pl mrecpe} mbckae ck` zeripie} }l c} pl cmbieze vdec}ure ck` mblime}+ Ihvrlze` oy

hcnika hie` u}e}$ }uvvlrp ìzer}ipy ik mbcrcmper$ dlmcdiwe jcmidipie} ck` }erzime}+ Ikpearcpe

prczed hlè}$ zcriepy ik }erzime} ck` jcmidipie}$ jike arcike` }preep kepqlrn "]peede$ 3923)+

Zipcdipy _ejer} pl hcnika vdcme c} }cje c} vl}}iode "Ezck}$ ?663)$ qipb pbe vre}ekme lj lpber

ìzer}e ver}lk} lk pbe }preep pl }u}pcik }erzime} ck` urock }vcme} ck` ckihcpe }preep} c}

vl}}iode "Oekpdey$ 3996)+ Ihvrlze` oy C mripimcd hc}} lj cmpizipy$ ìzer}e hi lj u}e} ck`

blu}ika pyve}+

=+3+?+Jukmpilkcd c}vemp}Pl ihvrlze pbe jukmpilkcd verjlrhckme lj himrl mlhhukipy$ vdckker} ck` è}iaker} kee` pl ihvrlze }ujjimiekp ck`

ejjimiekp vrlzi}ilk lj }erzime} ck` jcmidipie}$ dlq jresuekp ck` }blrp priv}$ ck` cdperkcpize hlzehekp }y}peh}7

]ujjimiekp

vrlzi}ilk lj

}erzime} ck`

jcmidipie}

_ejer} pl }ujjimiekp suckpipcpize vrlzi}ilk lj }erzime} ck` chekipie}+ Ihvrlze` oy mrecpika

ck` vre}erzika }ujjimiekp èk}ipie}$ mlhvcmp jlrh} pbcp }prize jlr rckae lj }erzime} ck`

jcmidipie}+ Pbe zicode }iwe klp lkdy cmmlrìka pl biab èk}ipy oup cd}l ùe pl pbe hudpivde

ikpercmpilk ck` embckae oepqeek ìjjerekp vcrp} ik pbe mipy+

Ejjimiekp vrlzi}ilk

lj }erzime}ck`

jcmidipie}

_ejer} pl ejjimiekp sucdipcpize vrlzi}ilk lj }erzime}$ pl vrlziè qiè rckae lj ìzer}ipy ck`

mblime}$ zcriepy ck` hi lj }erzime} ck` jcmidipie}+ Ihvrlze` oy ìzer}ipy ck` hi lj dck`

u}e ck` blu}ika pyve} "Gcmlo}$ 39:3)+ @e}iake` jlr qcdnika$ ck` rehlze ocrrier} pl dlmcd

cmme}}$ ck` c jike arcike` }preep+

Cdperkcpize

hlzehekp }y}peh}

_ejer} pl pbe èaree pbcp urock jlrh mlud` ekmlurcae vlpekpicd jlr cdperkcpize

prck}vlrpcpilk lvpilk} ck` cdperkcpize hlzehekp }y}peh} "veè}prick$ mymdika$ vuodim

prck}vlrp)+

Dlq jresuekp ck`

}blrp priv}

_ejer} pl klp pl i}ldcpe velvde qipblup zebimde}$ mrecpe ejjimiekp `cy ck` kiabp ì}primp}+

Ihvrlze` oy Vrlziìka c hi lj dck` u}e} "Hc}kczi$ ?666)+

=+3+=+]lmicd c}vemp}Pl ihvrlze pbe }lmicd verjlrhckme lj himrl mlhhukipy$ vdckker} ck` è}iaker} kee` pl ihvrlze }lmicd ikpercmpilk$

vrlhlpe }cjepy$ }lmicd esuipy$ }ek}e lj mlhhukipy$ }ek}e lj oedlkaika ck` }lmicd mlkprcmpilk$ qbimb mck oe

}uhhcriwe` ik pbe jlddlqika ikìmcplr}7

Ekmlurcae

ikpercmpilk

oepqeek mipy vcrp}

_ejer} pl pbe sucdijimcpilk lj vuodim ekzirlkhekp pl ekmlurcae }lmicd ikpercmpilk+ Ihvrlze`

oy }bcre` vuodim jcmidipie}$ }erzime}$ vuodim }vcme}$ prck}vlrpcpilk lvpilk}$ qcdnika$ ck`

lpber jcmidipie} pbcp ikmrec}e pbe lvvlrpukipie} jlr ikpercmpilk jlr re}ièkp}+ Ihvrlze` oy

verhecoidipy$ zcriepy$ rlou}pke}}$ zi}ucd cvvrlvricpeke}}$ rimbke}}$ ver}lkcdiwcpilk ck`

deaioidipy "Oekpdey ep cd+$ 3925)+ Deaioidipy$ Vuodimke}}$ Zi}ucd cvvrlvricpeke}} ck`

Hckcaehekp$ ìzer}ipy$ rlou}pke}} "]crncr$ ?665)+

Ekmlurcae

ikpercmpilkoepqeek ìzer}e

}lmicd arluv}

_ejer} ikmdu}ilkcry }lmil}vcpicd vrlme}} pbcp vrlhlpe ikpearcpe` }lmil(emlklhim ìzer}ipy

ekzirlkhekp} pl pbe chlukp ck` pbe pyve lj buhck cmpizipie}$ i+e+ qcdnika$ }ippika$ `likamlhhermicd embckae}$ hcnika vimpure} lk c }ièqcdn$ pcdnika+ Pbcp i} }bcre` oepqeek

pbeh+ Ihvrlze` oy ikmduìka hi lj dck` u}e}$ blu}ika dezed}$ veè}prick mirmudcpilk$

prcjjim mcdhika$ }bedpere` vuodim }vcme jlr jukmpilkcd$ }lmicd$ ck` vldipimcd vuodim ikpercmpilk


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ck` mlhvde keiabolrbll`}+ "Hc}kczi$ ?666)

]lmicd esuipy _ejer pl pbe klpilk lj }lmicd gu}pime lj lvvlrpukipie} ik èzedlvhekp$ pbe jcir ì}prioupilk lj

re}lurme} ik }lmiepy+ Ip i} redcpe` pl cmme}} pl ney }erzime} "becdpb$ eùmcpilk$ blu}e`$

prck}vlrpcpilk$ ck` remrecpilkcd crec})$ "Hmnekwie ?66073?6)+Ihvrlze` oy hcnika zcriepy

ck` hi lj blu}ika pyve}$ }lmicddy hi mlhhukipie}+ Hcnika dck`(u}e ì}vl}ipilk$ }erzime

ì}vl}ipilk+

]cjepy ck`

}emuripy

_ejer} pl mrihe reùmpilk$ ì}vdcmehekp lj mrihe ck` re}vlk}e pihe "Dck`hck) oeika }cje

ùrika qcdnika priv} jrlh mrihe ck` cppcmn ck` oeika }emure` jrlh prcjjim cmmièkp}$ ck`

mrihe ck` cppcmn ùrika pbe qcdnika priv}+ Ihvrlze` oy hcnika }vcme} pl ekbckme ver}lkcd

}cjepy ck` veè}prick,zebimde mlkjdimp$ hi lj u}e} pbcp hcne mlkpikulu} eye lk }preep}+

@i}pikmpizeke}} ik

mlhhukipy

_ejer} pl }ek}e lj mlhhukipy$ }ek}e lj oedlkaika$ }ek}e lj vdcme$ }ek}e lj ièkpipy+

Ihvrlze` oy hcnika }eppdehekp ihcae ck` ekbckme deaioidipy pbrluab è}iak zi}ucddy

ikpere}pika kepqlrn }vcme qipb dck`hcrn} ck` }vcme} ì}vl}ipilk+ Ihvrlze` oy Mrecpe ck`

vre}erze biaber èk}ipy$ mlhvcmp jlrh}"Jrey 3999$ Keqplk ?666$ Ouplk ?666)

]peqcr`}biv _ejer} pl Mlkprcmpilk$ Ikzldzehekp$ re}vlk}ioidipy ck` Mizim vcrpimivcpilk Ihvrlze` oy

ikmrec}ika }ek}e lj ièkpipy$ ck` oedlkaika+

=+3+0+Emlklhim c}vemp}Pl ihvrlze pbe emlklhim verjlrhckme lj himrl mlhhukipy$ vdckker} ck` è}iaker} kee` pl ihvrlze oekejip} lj

emlklhim lj }iwe ck` ìzer}ipy$ esuipy lj emlklhim arlqpb$ pl heep dlmcd kee`$ ck` reùme re}lurme} ml}p}7

Oekejip} lj

emlklhim lj }iwe

_ejer} pl }erzime} ck` chekipie} ml}p reùmpilk pbrluab vrlhlpika pbe }iwe pbcp ek}ure }edj

}ujjimiekmy lj pbe mlhhukipy+ Ihvrlze` oy ouid` èk}ipie} pl }uvvlrp zicode rckae lj

}erzime} ck` jcmidipie} pl ihvrlze }erzime} ml}p reùmpilk+ Cd}l ip i} ihvrlze` oy ekbckme

vuodim recdh pl }uvvlrp lvvlrpukipie} jlr emlklhim embckae$ "Gcmlo}$ 39:3)+

Oekejip} lj

emlklhim} lj

ìzer}ipy

_ejer} pl }erzime} ck` chekipie} ìzer}ipy ck` }iwe ml}p reùmpilk pbrluab vrlhlpika

caadlhercpilk ck` embckae lj ìjjerekp ck` ìzer}e vcrp} pbcp ek}ure ejjimiekmy ck`

zcriepy lj }erzime}+ Ihvrlze` oy pbe zcriepy lj mlhhermicd cmpizipie}$ mudpurcd

lvvlrpukipie}$ ikbcoipckp}$ zi}iplr} c} qedd c} pbe zcriepy lj pc}pe}$ coidipie}$ ck` kee`} cre

pbe ekaike lj urock èzedlvhekp$ ìzer}ipy c hlre jczlrcode ekzirlkhekp jlr emlklhim

èzedlvhekp "Gcmlo}$ 39:3$ v 3=1)+

_eùme re}lurme}

mlk}uhvpilk

_ejer pl ekzirlkhekp mlk}uhvpilk reùmpilk Ihvrlze` oy ekbckme emlklhim ejjimiekmy ik

pbe u}e lj re}lurme} vrlziè` oy kcpurcd re}lurme}$ "MEM$ 3999)+

Ekbckme emlklhim

ikpercmpilk

_ejer pl vrlhlpe hupucd embckae oepqeek ìjjerekp c`gcmekp ck` ìzer}e vcrp} Ihvrlze`

oy ekbckme vuodim recdh pl }uvvlrp lvvlrpukipie} jlr emlklhim embckae$ "Gcmlo}$ 39:3)+

=+3+5+Ekzirlkhekpcd c}vemp}Pl ihvrlze pbe Ekzirlkhekpcd verjlrhckme lj himrl mlhhukipy$ vdckker} ck` è}iaker} kee` reùme re}lurme

mlk}uhvpilk$ reùme ekzirlkhekpcd vlddupilk ck` ihvrlze becdpby ekzirlkhekp7

_eùme re}lurme}

mlk}uhvpilk

Ihvrlze` oy reùme vcrnika }pck`cr`}$ vrlziè dlmcd cmme}} pl vuodim prck}vlrp$ u}e vc}}ize

ekeray$ hikihiwe eperkcd re}lurme} mlk}uhvpilk ik mlk}prumpilk ck` u}e "cir$ qcper$

hikercd}$ ekeray)$ ck` hcihiwe choiekp }ldcr ekeray u}e jlr }edj mdeckika "Mcrhlkc$

?66=> Oekpdy$ 3996)+

_eùmeekzirlkhekpcd

vlddupilk

Ihvrlze` oy reùme prczed ekeray hlzehekp }y}peh}$ hcpmb vrlgempe` ml? ehi}}ilk qipbpree vdckpika+ Mlkprld vrizcpe hlplriwe` prck}vlrp ck` aize vuodim prck}vlrp vrilripie}+

Vrlhlpe vdckpika "MEM$ 3996)+


5/32


5

Ihvrlze becdpb

ck` sucdipy lj dije

Ihvrlze` oy hcnika cvvrlvricpe dikne` vuodim ck` vrizcpe lvek ck` mizim mlkkempe` }vcme}

kepqlrn} "mlhhi}}ilk lj pbe Eurlveck mlhhukipy 3996)+

Mlk}udpcpilk pl

Eayvpick ukisue

ekzirlkhekpcd

mbcrcmperi}pim}

Ihvrlze` oy hcnika vrlziè hcihuh }bcè$ pl cddlq hikihuh rejdempilk ik }preep} ck`

lvek }vcme} ck` hikihiwe ikìremp }ldcr rcìcpilk pl czli` becpika pbe cir$ "Aldcky 3912)$

ck` reùme} qcper mlk}uhvpilk "Ed(Wchdy 3990$ v+01)+

Qbek hec}urika pbe}e c}vemp} ik re}vemp pl acpe` mlhhukipie} himrl dezed qe jik` pbe jlddlqika mlkmdu}ilk}7

Acpe` mlhhukipie} ik himrl }mcde cre }ikade u}e hl}pdy re}ièkpicd$ }ikade blu}ika pyve hl}pdy biab mdc}}$ pbcp cre

ikqcr` lriekpe` pree` }preep kepqlrn crec pbcp i} oc}e` lk vrizcpe `lhcik }l pbey mrecpe keq }lmil(}vcpicd mlkìpilk}

lk }vcpicd ck` }lmicd jcorim lj himrl mlhhukipy+ Pbey cre }vcpicddy re}primpe` crec$ pbcp dcmn hudpivde embckae} qipb

pbeir c`gcmekp crec }l pbey cre re}primpe` pl pbeir lqk re}lurme} qbimb cre dihipe`+ Jurpberhlre$ pbey cre }lmil(}vcpicddy

re}primpe` crec$ pbey mlkmekprcpe lk blhlaekeipy ck` keademp ìzer}ipy ck` mblime}$ cmmlrìkady pbey ihvcmp urock

èzedlvhekp ik ìjjerekp c}vemp}+

Urock qi}e$ pbeir }vcpicd re}primpilk hcne pbeh dcmn }ujjimiekp chlukp ck` ejjimiekp ìzer}ipy lj urock }vcme}

ck` zi}ucd ihcae} pbcp dcmn mlhhukimcpilk oepqeek ìjjerekp re}ièkp}+ Jurpberhlre$ pbey `l klp bcze

}ujjimiekp mlhhukipy èk}ipie} ck` }iwe pbcp ekcode pbe mripimcd hc}} lj cmpizipie}$ pbey `l klp }uvvlrp zicoderckae lj u}e} ck` jcmidipie}$ pbey `l klp hcikpcik zcriepy ck` cmpizipy$ ck` pbey `l klp ckihcpe }preep} ck`

vuodim }vcme}+ Jurpberhlre$ pbeir }lmil(}vcpicd re}primpilk hcne pbeh dcmn ejjimiekp ìzer}ipy lj urock }vcme}

ck` zi}ucd ihcae}+

Jukmpilkcddy$ pbeir }vcpicd re}primpilk hcne pbeh dcmn }ujjimiekp chlukp ck` ejjimiekp ìzer}ipy lj }erzime}

vrlzi}ilk+ Jurpberhlre$ pbeir }lmil(}vcpicd re}primpilk hcne pbeh dcmn ejjimiekp ìzer}ipy lj }erzime} }pck`cr`}+

Jurpberhlre$ Pbeir re}ièkp} èvek` mlhvdepedy lk hlplr mcr jlr ezery `cy kee`}$ ck` ì}mlurcae

prck}vlrpcpilk cdperkcpize} "vuodim prck}vlrpcpilk$ qcdnika$ oym)+

]lmicddy$ pbeir }vcpicd re}primpilk hcne pbeh dcmn }ujjimiekp chlukp ck` ejjimiekp ìzer}ipy lj }lmicd ikpercmpilk+

Jurpberhlre$ pbeir }lmil(}vcpicd re}primpilk hcne pbeh dcmn ejjimiekp ìzer}ipy lj }lmicd ikpercmpilk>

Emlklhimcddy$ pbeir }vcpicd re}primpilk hcne pbeh dcmn oekejip} lj emlklhim lj }iwe+ pbeir }lmil(}vcpicd

re}primpilk hcne pbeh dcmn oekejip} lj emlklhim lj ìzer}ipy+ Jurpberhlre$ pbey cre klp ocdckme` ck`

cjjlr`code jlr cdd blu}ika arluv}+

Ekzirlkhekpcddy$ pbey cre klp reacrìka ekzirlkhekpcd resuirehekp}$ ip u}e buae crec lj dck`$ mcu}ika hlre

mlhhupe ì}pckme} pbcp mlk}uhe hlre pihe ck` jued$ u}e dcrae chlukp lj qcper jlr areek irriacpilk}+

=+?+ Hcmrl Mlhhukipy=+?+3+Urock c}vemp}

Pl ihvrlze pbe urock verjlrhckme lj hcmrl mlhhukipy$ vdckker} ck` è}iaker} kee` pl ihvrlze vdcme(oc}e` sucdipy

lj urock jlrh ck` dije pl oe cpprcmpize$ buhck$ urockiwe`$ urock zipcdipy$ ck` becdpb$ qbimb mck oe }uhhcriwe` ik pbe

jlddlqika ikìmcplr}7]ujjimiekp urock

}vcme}

_ejer} pl }ujjimiekp }iwe pbcp ekcode c mripimcd hc}} lj cmpizipie} pl ckihcpe }preep} ck`

vuodim }vcme}$ pbcp ek}ure pbe }ujjimiekp chlukp lj }vcme} ck` ejjimiekp ìzer}ipy lj

}vcme}"Uroe`$ 3991)+ Ihvrlze` oy ouid` èk}ipie} pl }uvvlrp zicode rckae lj }erzime} ck`

jcmidipie}+ Cd}l zicode }iwe klp lkdy cmmlrìka pl biab èk}ipy oup cd}l ùe pl pbe hudpivde

ikpercmpilk ck` embckae oepqeek ìjjerekp vcrp} ik pbe mipy+

@izer}ipy ck`

mblime}

_ejer} pl mrecpe} mbckae ck` zeripie} }l c} pl cmbieze vdec}ure ck` mblime}+ Ihvrlze` oy

hcnika hie` u}e}$ }uvvlrp ìzer}ipy ik mbcrcmper$ dlmcdiwe jcmidipie} ck` }erzime}+ Ikpearcpe

prczed hlè}$ mlkkempe` rlupe kepqlrn}$ zcriepy ik }erzime} ck` jcmidipie}$ Jike arcike`

}preep kepqlrn "]peede$ 3923)+ _ehlze ocrrier} pl cmbieze cmme}}ioidipy+ u}e c orlc` rckae

lj cmpizipie} lke mck mrecpe ckihcpilk$ ik}vircpilk ck` jl}per c zipcd vuodim dije+

Zipcdipy _ejer} pl hcnika vdcme} c} }cje c} vl}}iode "Ezck}$ ?663)$ qipb pbe vre}ekme lj lpber

ìzer}e ver}lk} lk pbe }preep pl }u}pcik }erzime} ck` urock }vcme} ck` ckihcpe }preep} c}

vl}}iode "Oekpdey$ 3996)+ Ihvrlze` oy c mripimcd hc}} lj cmpizipy$ ìzer}e hi lj u}e} ck`


6/32


:

blu}ika pyve}+ Hcnika pbe vre}ekme lj lpber velvde ck` eye} lk pbe }preep+ @e}iake` jlr

qcdnika$ mymdika ck` vuodim prck}vlrpcpilk+

]prlka ikpercmpize

vuodim recdh

_ejer} pl ekmlurcae vuodim mlhhukipy ck` hloidipy ck` }uvvlrp lvvlrpukipie} jlr

emlklhim embckae+ Ihvrlze` oy hcnika c jrcheqlrn lj }preep} ck` }sucre} pbcp cre

hie` u}e }l qidd oe lo}erze` ck` cmme}}e` "Uroe`$ 3991)$ c mripimcd hc}} lj cmpizipy pl

}u}pcik jcmidipie} ck` ckihcpe }preep} ck` vuodim }vcme} "Himbced orbeky 399?)+ Ik c`ìpilk

vrlziè hikihuh lvek }vcme} }pck`cr`}

Urock

ì}pikmpizeke}}

_ejer} pl vrlpemp cky reailkcd ièkpipy ck` dck`}mcve mbcrcmper$ Ihvrlze` oy @e}iak

zi}ucddy ikpere}pika kepqlrn} lj }vcme+

Veè}prick

Hlzehekp

oebczilr

_ejer} pl c jrcheqlrn lj }preep} ck` urock }vcme} pl oe ec}y$ }cje$ ck` vdec}ure+ Ihvrlze`

oy è}iakika }cje$ dizcode veè}prick kepqlrn$ ck` urock }vcme} hlzehekp kepqlrn$hie`

u}e} ck` blu}ika pyve}$ biab èk}ipy "Uroe` 3991$ )+

Cdperkcpize

prck}vlrpcpilk

lvpilk}

_ejer} pl qcdnika$ oinika ck` vuodim prck}vlrpcpilk+ Ihvrlze` oy qedd mlkkempe` }preep

kepqlrn$ ìzer}e dck` u}e pl hcne }preep} }emure ck` }cje jlr qcdnika$ ck` oinika "Jrey

3999$ Keqplk ?666$ Ouplk ?666)

=+?+?+Jukmpilkcd c}vemp}Pl ihvrlze pbe jukmpilkcd verjlrhckme lj hcmrl mlhhukipy$ vdckker} ck` è}iaker} kee` pl ihvrlze$ verhecoidipy$

mlkkempizipy$ cmme}}ioidipy$ zcriepy$ ìzer}ipy ck` deaioidipy7

Ekbckme

Hlzehekp

oebczilr}

_ejer} pl reùmika prczed ì}pckme}$ pihe ck` ml}p$ reùme prcjjim zlduhe}+ Ihvrlze` oy

ikpek}ijy crluk` prck}vlrp ikper}empilk} mlrri`lr}+ U}ika mlhvcmp ck` hie` jlrh} lj

èzedlvhekp$ qedd mlkkempe` jike arcike` }preep kepqlrn$ u}ika vuodim prck}vlrpcpilk$

rehlze vcrrie} pl cmme}}ioidipy+ Ekeray ejjimiekp hlzehekp kepqlrn}( pcnika mirmudcpilk lj

velvde ik ikpearcpe prczed hlè} lk jllp$ oine$ ck` vuodim prck}vlrpcpilk c} c }pcrpika vlikp+

Verhecoidipy _ejer} pl c vrlverpy lj blq ec}y ip i} pl hlze pbrluab ck ekzirlkhekp ck` èvek`} beczidyuvlk pbe vcpb} ck` logemp} vdcme` qipbik pbe }vcme+ Pbere cre pql pyve} lj verhecoidipy7

vby}imcd vrlverpie} "e+a+ c vcpb) ck` zi}ucd cvvecrckme+ Jlr echvde cdpbluab c vcpb hcy

ei}p ik }lhe ekzirlkhekp$ ij ip i} klp zi}ucddy lozilu} ip hcy rehcik uku}e` "HmMcd ep cd$

?665)+ Ihvrlze` oy ikmrec}ika pbe mblime} lj rlupe} pbrluab hcnika vdcme} cmme}}iode pl c

zcriepy lj cdperkcpize rlupe} "Ezck} ?663$ Ick Oerpdy 3996)+

Cmme}}ioidipy Ihvrlze` oy rehlzika ocrrier} ck` lo}pcmde}$ ekmlurcae hie` u}e} ck` hie` blu}ika

pyve}+

Mlkkempizipy _ejer} pl mlkkemp velvde qipb ecmb lpber ck` pl jcmidipie}+ Ihvrlze` oy vrlziìka

cmme}}ioidipy pl }erzime} ck` mlkkempika velvde qipb ecmb lpber$ vrlziìka rckae lj mblime}

lj }cje rlupe}$ ck` rehlzika ocrrier} jlr hlzehekp+

Dlq jresuekp ck`

}blrp priv}

_ejer} pl `lk!p i}ldcpe velvde qipblup zebimde}$ mrecpe ejjimiekp `cy ck` kiabp ì}primp}+

Ihvrlze` oy vrlziìka c hi lj dck` u}e} "Hc}kczi$ ?666)$ U}ika mlhvcmp ck` hie`

jlrh} lj èzedlvhekp$ Mlkkempe` rlupe kepqlrn$ U}ika Vuodim prck}vlrpcpilk$ _ehlze

vcrrie} pl cmme}}ioidipy+ Ekeray ejjemiekp hlzehekp kepqlrn}( pcnika mirmudcpilk lj velvde

ik Ikpearcpe prczed hlè} lk jllp$ oine$ ck` vuodim prck}vlrpcpilk c} c}pcrpika vlikp+

Ekmlurcae

cdperkcpize

prck}vlrpcpilk

lvpilk}

_ejer} pl pbe èaree pbcp urock jlrh mlud` ekmlurcae vlpekpicd jlr cdperkcpize

prck}vlrpcpilk lvpilk} ck` cdperkcpize hlzehekp }y}peh} "vuodim prck}vlrpcpilk$ veè}prick$

oimymdika)+ Ihvrlze` oy reùme mcr èvekèkmy ck` ikmrec}e ihvrlze veè}prick lriekpe`

vuodim recdh pl }cpi}jy olpb urock dizcoidipy ck` }u}pcikcoidipy "Ekaqimbp$ 3993)$ ck`vrlziè qedd mlkkempe` }preep kepqlrn$ ck` }cje dizcode vcpb}


7/32


1

=+?+=+]lmicd c}vemp}Pl ihvrlze pbe }lmicd verjlrhckme lj hcmrl mlhhukipy$ vdckker} ck` è}iaker} kee` pl ihvrlze }lmicd ikpercmpilk$

vrlhlpe }cjepy$ }lmicd esuipy$ }ek}e lj mlhhukipy$ }ek}e lj oedlkaika ck` }lmicd mlkprcmpilk7

Ekmlurcae

ikpercmpilk

oepqeek mipy vcrp}

_ejer} pl pbe sucdijimcpilk lj vuodim ekzirlkhekp pl ekmlurcae }lmicd ikpercmpilk+ C

recd mlhhukipy i} }lmicddy }edj }ujjimiekp ij ip èvek`} lk }lmicd esuipy$ gu}pime$ ck`

ikpercmpilk+ Ihvrlze` oy }bcre` vuodim jcmidipie}$ }erzime}$ vuodim }vcme}$prck}vlrpcpilk lvpilk}$ qcdnika$ ck` lpber jcmidipie} pbcp ikmrec}e pbe vl}}ioidipie} jlr

acpberika re}ièkp}+ Ml(ei}pekme lj }prckaer} ck` biaber èk}ipy "Pcdek$ 3999)+

]cjepy ck`

}emuripy

_ejer pl oeika }cje ùrika qcdnika priv} jrlh mrihe ck` cppcmn ck` oeika }emure` jrlh

prcjjim cmmièkp}$ ck` mrihe ck` cppcmn ùrika pbe qcdnika priv}+ Ihvrlze` oy hcnika

}vcme} pl ekbckme ver}lkcd }cjepy ck` veè}prick,zebimde mlkjdimp$ hi lj u}e} pbcp

hcne mlkpikulu} eye lk }preep}$ ck` reì}mlzerika }preep c} }lmicd }vcme+

]lmicd esuipy ck`

gu}pime

_ejer} pl cppekpilk pl pbe esuipcode ì}prioupilk lj lvvlrpukipie} ik èzedlvhekp$ pbe

jcir ì}prioupilk lj re}lurme} ik }lmiepy ik pbe vre}ekp ck` ik pbe jupure+ Ihvrlze` oy

jcir cmme}} ck` ì}prioupe` lj glo}$ blu}ika ck` dlmcd }erzime} "becdpb$ eùmcpilk$

blu}e`$ prck}vlrpcpilk$ ck` remrecpilkcd crec})$ "Hmnekwie ?66073?6)$ ek}ure cddvelvde vcrpimivcpe ik alzerkckme$ ck` bcze jcirdy cmmlhhl`cpilk$ ck` Vrlhlpe

ì}vl}ipilk lj dck`(u}e$ ck` }erzime+

]ek}e lj ièkpipy

ck` oedlkaika

_ejer} pl ukisue sucdipy lj c vdcme pbcp aize} ip} vcrpimudcr mbcrcmper "Dykmb$ 3923)+

Ihvrlze` oy hcnika }vcme} bcze c mdecr vermevpucd ièkpipy$ lke }vcme }blud` klp jeed

dine hcky lpber}$ ìjjerekme$ zcriepy$ ck` mbckae oepqeek ìjjerekp vdcme} "Oekergee

ck` ]lupbqlrpb$ 3996)+ @e}iak zi}ucddy ikpere}pika kepqlrn} lj }vcme ck` mbcrcmper

ihcae pbcp ekbckme deaioidipy+

]ek}e lj

mlhhukipy

_ejer pl hehoer}biv$ ikjduekme$ ikpearcpilk ck` judjiddhekp lj kee`}$ ck` }bcre`

ehlpilkcd mlkkempilk} "HmHiddck ck Mbczi} 392:)+ _ejer} pl }bcre` zcdue}$ klrh}$

heckika$ ck` ièkpipy "Epwilki 3995)+

]ek}e lj

vdcme

_ejer} pl }ek}e lj vdcme+ Ihvrlze` oy Mrecpe ck` vre}erze biaber èk}ipy$ mlhvcmp

jlrh}"Jrey 3999$ Keqplk ?666$ Ouplk ?666)

=+?+0+Emlklhim c}vemp}Pl ihvrlze pbe Emlklhim verjlrhckme lj hcmrl mlhhukipy$ vdckker} ck` è}iaker} kee` pl ihvrlze Oekejip} lj

emlklhim lj }iwe ck` ìzer}ipy$ Esuipy lj emlklhim arlqpb$ pl heep dlmcd kee`$ ck` reùme re}lurme} ml}p}7

Oekejip} lj

emlklhim lj }iwe

_ejer} pl pbe }iwe pbcp ek}ure} }edj(}ujjimiekmy lj pbe mlhhukipy+ Ihvrlze` oy ouid`

èk}ipie} pl }uvvlrp zicode rckae lj }erzime} ck` jcmidipie} klp lkdy cmmlrìka pl biab

èk}ipy oup cd}l ùe pl pbe hudpivde ikpercmpilk ck` embckae oepqeek ìjjerekp vcrp} ik pbe

mipy }l ip i} ihvlrpckp pl ekbckme vuodim recdh pl }uvvlrp lvvlrpukipie} jlr emlklhimembckae ck` ouid` }ek}e lj hcmrl mlhhukipy pl ikzldze ck` vcrpimivcpe ik zi}ilk ck`

èmi}ilk hcnika$ ck` mizid re}vlk}ioidipy+

Oekejip} lj

emlklhim} lj

ìzer}ipy

_ejer} pl emlklhim lj caadlhercpilk pbcp ek}ure ejjimiekmy ck` zcriepy lj }erzime}+

Ihvrlze` oy pbe zcriepy lj mlhhermicd cmpizipie}$ mudpurcd lvvlrpukipie}$ ikbcoipckp}$

zi}iplr} c} pbe zcriepy lj pc}pe}$ coidipie}$ ck` kee`} cre pbe ekaike lj urock èzedlvhekp$

ìzer}ipy c hlre jczlrcode ekzirlkhekp jlr emlklhim èzedlvhekp "Gcmlo}$ 39:3$ v 3=1)+

Esuipy lj

emlklhim arlqpb

_ejer} pl heep dlmcd ukisue emlklhim mbcrcmperi}pim}+ Ihvrlze` oy heepika dlmcd blu}ika

kee`} jlr cdd }lmicd dezed} ck` blu}ika pyve}+ Ihvrlze` oy hcnika ì}vl}ipilk lj dck`(u}e}

jlr cdd }lmicd dezed} ck` blu}ika pyve}+ re}vemp prcìpilk}$ pcv re}lurme}$ emlklhim }ipucpilk}

_eùmika

re}lurme} ml}p}

_ejer} pl ekbckme emlklhim ejjimiekmy ik pbe u}e lj re}lurme} vrlziè` oy kcpurcd

re}lurme}+ Ihvrlze` oy è}iakika qedd(mlkkempe` }preep kepqlrn$ cdperkcpize vuodim

prck}vlrpcpilk$ oimymdika$ qcdnika+ Mlhvcmp jlrh} pl reùme cir mlkìpilk mlk}uhvpilk+


8/32


2

=+?+5+Ekzirlkhekpcd c}vemp}Pl ihvrlze pbe ekzirlkhekpcd verjlrhckme lj hcmrl mlhhukipy$ vdckker} ck` è}iaker} kee` pl reùme re}lurme

mlk}uhvpilk$ reùme ekzirlkhekpcd vlddupilk ck` ihvrlze becdpby ekzirlkhekp7

_eùme re}lurme}

mlk}uhvpilk

Ihvrlze` oy hcnika ikze}p ik vuodim prck}vlrp ikjrc }prumpure$ vrlziè dlmcd cmme}} pl

vuodim prck}vlrp$ mrecpe mlkkempe` jike arcike` }preep kepqlrn pbcp ekbckme vuodim

prck}vlrpcpilk ck` cdperkcpize prczedika lvpilk} qcdnika$ oinika$ vuodim prck}vlrp}$rehlze ocrrier} pl vrlziè cmme}} ck` reùme prczed ì}pckme+ _eùme vcrnika }pck`cr`}$

vrlziè dlmcd cmme}} pl vuodim prck}vlrp$ u}e vc}}ize ekeray$ ck` hikihiwe re}lurme}

mlk}uhvpilk ik mlk}prumpilk ck` u}e "cir$ qcper$ hikercd}$ ekeray)+

_eùme

ekzirlkhekpcd

vlddupilk

Ihvrlze` oy reùmika prczed ekeray hlzehekp }y}peh}$ mlkprld vrizcpe hlplriwe`

prck}vlrp+ Hcpmb vrlgempe` ml? ehi}}ilk qipb pree vdckpika+ Aize vuodim prck}vlrp

vrilripie}+

Becdpb ck` sucdipy

lj dije

Hcnika cvvrlvricpe dikne` vuodim ck` vrizcpe lvek ck` mizim mlkkempe` }vcme} kepqlrn}

"mlhhi}}ilk lj pbe Eurlveck mlhhukipy 3996)+

Mlk}pudcpilk plEayvpick ukisue

ekzirlkhekp

vrlziè mlhvcmp$ hie` u}e ec}y mlkkempe` urock vcpperk pl vrlziè hcihuh }bcèck` cddlq hikihuh rejdempilk ik }preep} ck` lvek }vcme} ck` hikihiwe ikìremp }ldcr

rcìcpilk pl czli` becpika pbe cir$ "Aldcky 3912)$ ck` reùme} qcper mlk}uhvpilk"Ed(

Wchdy 3990$ v+01)+

Hec}urika pbe}e c}vemp} ik re}vemp pl acpe` mlhhukipie} hcmrl dezed qe jik` pbe jlddlqika mlkmdu}ilk}7

Acpe` mlhhukipie} ik hcmrl }mcde mrecpe ikcmme}}iode oumnep} ik}iè urock jcorim pbcp cre oc}e` lk vrizcpe `lhcik ck`

keademp vuodim `lhcik$ qbimb bcze redezckp ihvcmp pbcp mup pbe mlkpikuipy lj }vcpicd ck` }lmicd jcorim$ }l pbey mrecpe

keq }lmil(}vcpicd mlkìpilk} lk }vcpicd ck` }lmicd jcorim lj hcmrl mlhhukipy+ Pbey cre }vcpicddy emduìka c`gcmekp

mlhhukipy ck` }eareacpika hcmrl mlhhukipy+ Jurpberhlre$ pbey cre }lmil(}vcpicddy emduìka c`gcmekp mlhhukipy

ck` }eareacpika hcmrl mlhhukipy+ Jurpberhlre$ pbey cjjemp mlkkempizipy$ cmme}}ioidipy$ ck` verhecoidipy$ c} jlddlq7

Urock mlkkempizipy pl ik}iè7 Acpe` Mlhhukipie} reùme} mlkkempizipy oepqeek pbe Acpe` Mlhhukipy

re}ièkp} ck` pbe mipy$ Ip edihikcpe mlkkempizipy oepqeek ik}iè re}ièkp} ck` luper keiabolrika+ Cd}l rehlze

pbe ei}pekme lj vc}}ekaer} ck` }prckaer}+

Urock cmme}}ioidipy pl ik}iè7 Acpe` Mlhhukipie} reùme} cmme}}ioidipy lj eperkcd re}ièkp} pl }erzime}$

jcmidipie}$ ck` urock }vcme} ik}iè pbe Acpe` Mlhhukipy$ reùmika pbe èaree pl qbimb /coidipy pl cmme}}/ ck`

vl}}iode oekejip lj }erzime}$ chekipie} ck` urock ekzirlkhekp i} cmme}}iode oy c} hcky velvde c} vl}}iode+

Bekme ip cjjemp} pbe urock$ emlklhim ck` }lmicd hupucd ck` embckae oekejip lj pbe mlhhukipy ik pbi} urock

jcorim+

Urock verhecoidipy pl oebik`7 Acpe` Mlhhukipie} mrecpe i}dck`} pbcp reùme} verhecoidipy ik}iè urock

jcorim$ ip mcu}e} re}primpilk} pbcp ì}plrp pbe mlkpikuipy lj mipy urock jcorim$ ck` ì}plrp prcjjim hlzehekp$ ck`

hcne pbe re}ièkp} dllnika jlr cdperkcpize rlc`} pbcp mlud` oe dlkaer ck` bc} ocrrier} lk ip} }iè} qbimb hcne

ip uk}cje$ ck` ukikpere}pika$ qbimb reùme} pbe hlzehekp jukmpilkcd ejjimiekmy+ Jreewe} pbe urock jcorim

jlrezer+

Cmmlrìkady Acpe` mlhhukipy ihvcmp urock èzedlvhekp ik ìjjerekp c}vemp} c} jlddlq7

Acpe` Mlhhukipie} mlkmekprcpe lk vrizcpe `lhcik ck` keademp vuodim `lhcik$ }l cmmlrìkady pbey edihikcpe vuodim

dije jrlh pbe mipy+ Cmmlrìkady pbeir C`gcmekp crec} cre klp dizcode$ becdpby ck` }cje ik hlzika ik> pbey keacpizedy

ihvcmp hlzehekp oebczilr mcu}ika dlka mlhhukiwika ì}pckme ck` ml}p}$ ì}mlurcae vuodim prck}vlrpcpilk$

ì}mlurcae cdperkcpize prck}vlrpcpilk lvpilk}$ èvek` mlhvdepedy lk hlplr mcr jlr ezery `cy kee`}$ `l klp ekmlurcae

mizim vcrpimivcpilk$ cre klp cmme}}iode+

Pbey cre }vcpicddy emduìka ck` }eareacpika }lmiepy$ bekme pbey mup pbe mlkpikuipy$ embckae$ ikpercmpilk ck` mlkpcmp

oepqeek mipy vcrp}> cmmlrìkady pbey cre klp mlkkempe` pl hcglr urock jcmidipie} ck` }erzime} ck` hcglr klè} lj urock


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jukmpilk} ck` }erzime mekper} lr lpber hehoer} lj pbe }lmiepy$ pbey mrecpe ik}ujjimiekp ck` ik ejjimiekp urock }vcme}$

vrlzi}ilk lj }erzime}$ ck` ikpercmpilk oepqeek mipy re}ièkp}+

Pbey cre }lmil(}vcpicddy emduìka ck` }eareacpika }lmiepy$ bekme pbey mup pbe mlkpikuipy$ embckae$ ikpercmpilk ck`

mlkpcmp oepqeek ìzer}e blu}ika pyve}$ oepqeek pbe rimb ck` pbe vllr> cmmlrìkady$ pbey mrecpe ik}ujjimiekp ck`

ikejjimiekp urock }vcme}$ vrlzi}ilk lj }erzime}$ jlr dlq ikmlhe re}ièkp} ck` reùme }lmicd mcvipcd lj pbe }lmiepy$ pbey

cre klp }lmicddy }pcode$ ocdckme` ck` cjjlr`code jlr cdd blu}ika pyve arluv}$ ck` pbey cre klp emlklhimcddy ejjimiekp+

=+=+ Pbe ihvcmp lk himrl mlhhukipy zer}u} c`gcmekp mlhhukipyAcpe` Mlhhukipie} cvvecre` ik pql ì}pikmpize qcy}+ Pbe jir}p ik pbeir ihvcmp lk himrl mlhhukipy pbcp rejdemp} c qcy

jlr murika pbe vuodim vrlzi}ilk lj all`}$ ck` pbe mlkpehvlrcry vrlodeh} lj }ek}e lj ièkpipy ck` mlhhukipy ik lur

mipie}+ Pbe }emlk` ik pbeir ihvcmp lk c`gcmekp mlhhukipy$ pbey cre vby}imcddy mdl}e`(ljj jrlh pbeir }urrlukìka}$ ck`

hckdy }lmil(}vcpicd blhlaekelu}+ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} biabdiabp hcky èocpcode emble} pbcp evdlre` pbe ìzi}ilk

oepqeek himrl vrizcpe mlhhukipy ck` c`gcmekp vuodim mlhhukipy èzedlvhekp$ lk }lmicd$ emlklhim$ urock ck`

jukmpilkcd dezed}$ ck` pbcp pbi} i} lvvl}ipe7

3+ Urock c}vemp}7c+ @eocpe oepqeek ihvrlzika himrl vdcme(oc}e` sucdipy lj dije> ck` rehlzika hcmrl urock zipcdipy+o+ @eocpe lk urock dizecoidipy$ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ikmrec}ika himrl urock dizecoidipy$ ck`

ìhek}ilkika hcmrl dizecoidipy$ qbimb prck}jlrhe` ikpl heredy mlkpikulu} }ep lj qcdd}$ pbcp bcze

kl dije+

m+ @eocpe oepqeek ikperkcd hudpi(cmpizipy lk pbe ml}p lj eperkcd kl cmpizipy+?+ Jukmpilkcd c}vemp}7

c+ @eocpe lk Jukmpilkcdipy$ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ikmrec}e` ikperkcd jukmpilkcd sucdipy lk pbe ml}p ljeperkcd kl jukmpilkcd sucdipy+

o+ @eocpe lk Jukmpilkcdipy$ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} mlkzerpe` pbe mipy ikpl c dcrae kuhoer lj mduo} pbcpcre re}primpe` pl ip} re}ièkp}$ kl vuodim cmme}} pl }erzime} lr urock }vcme+ Ck` qbimb

cmmuhudcpizedy cjjemp pbe lzercdd jukmpilkcdipy lj pbe mipy+

m+ @eocpe lk hlzehekp oebczilur$ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ikmrec}e oepqeek ikperkcd ikcmme}}ioidipy lkpbe ml}p lj eperkcd dlq verhecoidipy+`+ @eocpe oepqeek ikperkcd hudpi(cmpizipy lk pbe ml}p lj eperkcd kl cmpizipy+

=+ ]lmicd c}vemp}7c+ @eocpe lk ]lmicd redcpilk}$ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ikmrec}e` ikperkcd }pre}} }lmicd mlbe}ilk lk pbe

ml}p lj dcrae }lmicd }eareacpilk+

o+ @eocpe lk ]ek}e lj mlhhukipy$ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ikmrec}e` himrl }ek}e lj mlhhukipy lk pbeevek}e} lj }ek}e lj oeika vcrp lj pbe oiaaer mlhhukipy+

m+ @eocpe lk }cjepy ck` }emuripy$ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ikmrec}e` himrl ikperkcd }cjepy lk pbe evek}elj }cjepy lj pbe oiaaer mlhhukipy+

0+ Emlklhim c}vemp}7c+ @eocpe oepqeek himrl coidipy lj }edj }ujjimiekmy lk pbe evek}e} lj hcmrl kl }edj }ujjimiekmy+

o+ @eocpe oepqeek himrl biab ml}p} lk pbe ml}p lj eperkcd dlq cjjlr`coidipy+

Pbrluab pbe vrezilu} pbelrepimcd ckcdy}i}$ ip i} mlkmduè` pbcp Acpe` Mlhhukipie} cre klp c bldi}pim cvvrlcmb jlr

urock èzedlvhekp$ ck` pbey bcze c keacpize urock$ jukmpilkcd$ }lmicd$ emlklhim$ ck` ekzirlkhekpcd ihvcmp lk olpb

himrl mlhhukipy ck` c`gcmekp mlhhukipy+ Jlr pbe himrl mlhhukipy re}ièkp}$ ìjjerekp vl}ipize ihvcmp} cre èùme`

qipb c jeq kuhoer lj keacpize ihvcmp}+ Lk pbe lpber bck`$ jlr pbe hcmrl mlhhukipy re}ièkp}$ dihipe` vl}ipize

ihvcmp} cre èùme` hcikdy pbe keacpize ihvcmp} cre prcme`+ Ip i} mdecr pbcp Acpe` Mlhhukipie} bcze kl è}iak

rejerekme ik bi}plry$ pbelry lj all` urock jlrh ck` klp cvvrlvricpe jlr èzedlvhekp ik Eayvp+ Pbi} ezièkp acv

oepqeek qbcp pbe}e pbelrie} ck` qbcp Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ihvl}e lk urock èzedlvhekp$ keme}}ipcpe c vrlme}} lj

èev ukèr}pck` ck` plld} jlr reaudcpilk}+

]l pbe ihvlrpckp sue}pilk i}$ i} pbere cky redcpilk}biv oepqeek olpb lj pbe}e ihvcmp$ pbrluab ip$ qe mck lvpihiwe lur

mblime} ck` bldi}pim }ldupilk} jlr mbll}ika pbe hl}p ejjimiekp acpe` mlhhukipie} mbcrcmperi}pim} pbcp ekbckmeèzedlvhekp


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0+ JL_HUDCPIKAPBEIHVCMPLJACPE@JECPU_E]LKU_OCK@EZEDLVHEKPHukimivcd urock deai}dcpilk bc} oeek mbckaika cdd pbe pihe ik lrèr pl heep vrizcpe ikpere}p}$ qipblup mlk}ièrcpilk

colup ihvcmp} lk pbe cmbieze` èzedlvhekp jlr himrl vrizcpe$ c`gcmekp vuodim$ ck` hcmrl vuodim mlhhukipy+ Pbere

cre kl ikìmcplr jlr blq ejjimiekp cre }lhe vby}imcd mbcrcmperi}pim} pbck lpber+ Pbere i} c vrlodeh lj dcmn lj

nklqdeàe ck` re}vlk}ioidipy pbcp mlhe jrlh mlkmevpucd ìjjimudpy+ Pbere i} c kee` jlr c mlkmevp ck` pembkisue pbcp

ekcode pl è}mrioe ck` echike vdckker}! vrlvl}cd}+ Pbe Vdck cvvrlzcd ck` dck` }uoìzi}ilk cvvrlzcd$ }blud` mlk}ièr

pbe zi}ucdiwcpilk lj }vcpicd ihvcmp} lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie} lk urock èzedlvhekp+ Zi}ucdiwcpilk lj }vcpicd ihvcmp} lk

èzedlvhekp mlud` vrlziè ezièkme}$ qbimb cre klp mlk}ière` ik vdck cvvrlzcd ck` pbe dck` }uoìzi}ilk vrlme}}+

Pbi} mbcvper vrlvl}e} c byvlpbepimcd }vcpicd }prumpure ckcdy}i} hlèd pbcp mck }ihudcpe$ iddu}prcpe ck` hec}ure pbe

ihvcmp} lj acpe` jecpure} pbrluab crpijimicd `cpc+ Cmmlrìka pl pbi} hlèd$ ip i} vl}}iode pl pe}p ck` hec}ure pbe

zcricpilk lj ihvcmp} cmmlrìka pl zcricpilk ik ecmb lj pbe}e jecpure} }evcrcpedy$ ck` hec}ure blq pbeir keacpize

ihvcmp} cre mbckae` ik ìjjerekp Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ikìziùcd$ dlmcpilk cddlmcpilk ck` arluvika mbcrcmperi}pim}+ C

arluv lj c}}uhvpilk} qidd oe èzedlve`$ ck` u}e` pl re}ehode ck` hec}ure Acpe` Mlhhukipie} }vemijim jecpure} qipb

}vemijim urock$ jukmpilkcd$ }lmicd$ ck` emlklhim keacpize cjjemp} urock èzedlvhekp+

Pbi} }empilk è}mrioe} pbe mlkmevp lj hec}urika urock jlrh }vcpicd mlkjiaurcpilk ck` }vcpicd ikpercmpika pembkisue}pbrluab }vcpicd }prumpure ckcdy}i} hlèd}+ Pbe mlkjiaurcpilk ckcdy}i} oc}e` lk ]vcme ]ykpc mlkmevp} ck`

hepbl`ldlay qbimb cre code pl hec}ure urock }vcme cmme}}ioidipy$ mlkkempizipy$ verhecoidipy$ ck` lpber jcmplr}+ Ip

}ihudcpe} ìjjerekp èzedlvhekp }mekcril} jlr vdck cvvrlzcd} ck` dck` }uoìzi}ilk} lj mipie} evdlrika u}e

vlpekpicdipie}$ èk}ipie} lj dck` lmmuvcpilk ck` plqk}mcve hlìjimcpilk+ Pbe vrlvl}e` jrcheqlrn bedv ck}qerika

pbe}e sue}pilk} deppika pbe vdckker ck` èmi}ilk hcner} code pe}p ìjjerekp èzedlvhekp vrlvl}cd}+ Ecmb pihe pbe hlèd

repurk oy }blqika pbe vdckker qbcp i} pbe ihvcmp lj bi} c}}uhvpilk} lk pbe èzedlvhekp cmbiezehekp+

Pbe }vcme }ykpc pembkisue oeaik} qipb Oidd Bidder ck` Dcurc Zcuabck "3920 * 3921) ik /Pbe ]lmicd Dlaim lj ]vcme/+

Pbe hcik pbelrepimcd crauhekp i} pbcp ouidìka jlrh} cre eholìe` ik pbe mlk}ièrcode ikjduekme lj }lmil(mudpurcd

klrh} lk pbe }vcpicd lrackiwcpilk lj }lmiepie}+ Ip i} c pbelry$ pembkisue ck` hepbl` jlr ikze}piacpika }lmiepy(}vcme

redcpilk$ rezecd pbe }lmicd rude} pbcp reaudcpe pbe ikperjcme chlka velvde+ Ip i} colup mipie} ck` blq pbey jukmpilk+

Pbe }vcme }ykpc ljjer} c }iakijimckp mlkprioupilk pl pbe c`zckmehekp lj re}ecrmb ik pbe jied` lj ekzirlkhekpcd è}iak

c} ip cddlq} re}ecrmber} pl redy lk logempize mlkmevp} ik}pec` lj pbl}e ljjere` oy pbe }lmicd }miekme}+ Ip ekcode} pbeh pl

hec}ure pbe redcpilk oepqeek }vcpicd cpprioupe} ck` vcpperk} lj buhck cmpizipy+ Ip ekcode} pbeh pl èùme pbe

mlrredcpilk} oepqeek c ouidp ekzirlkhekp} }vcpicd dcylup lj ip} }preep ck` rlc` kep ck` pbe dlmcpilk lj emlklhim

cmpizipie}$ mrihe ì}ver}cd$ dck` u}e cdlka }preep} ck` vrlverpy zcdue} "Biddier ep+cd+ 3992)+

Jikcddy$ ip ljjer} c u}ejud è}iak plld pl qcrk vdckker} colup }lhe mriperic pbcp }blud` oe pcnek ik perriplricd vldimie}+

Biddier "3920) vre}ekp ck ckcdypimcd hepbl`$ jlr recìka$ suckpijyika$ è}mrioika$ ck` mlhvcrika hlrvbldlaimcd

vcpperk} lj ouidìka} jlr vrlgempika pbe }lmicd klrh} lj pbeir ikbcoipckp}+

_e}ecrmber} cdd lzer pbe qlrd` bcze cvvdie` pbe }vcme }ykpc hepbl` ik lrèr pl `rcq }lhe aekercd mlkmdu}ilk} lk pbe

redcpilk}biv oepqeek }vcme ck` }lmiepy jlr c vre}ekp urock mlkpep$ qbimb cre u}ejud jlr ikpervrepcpilk} lj pbe }vcpicdckcdy}e} lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie}+ Pbe ]vcpicd hec}urehekp lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ihvcmp lk urock èzedlvhekp

revre}ekp} c u}ejud ik}pruhekp jlr ckcdywika vcpperk}$ mcu}e} ck` mlk}esuekme} lk urock èzedlvhekp+ Pbe}e

hec}urehekp} hlèd colup Acpe` Mlhhukipie} lvpihcd ikìziùcd$ dlmcpilk cddlmcpilk ck` arluvika hlèdika

}ldupilk ck` mblime}+

Pbe hlèd pcne} cmmlukp lj pbe zcrilu} mlk}prcikp} lj keacpize urock$ jukmpilkcd$ emlklhim$ ck` }lmicd ihvcmp}+ Pbe}e

jcmplr} cre u}e` pl èperhike pbe ìjjerekp vby}imcd mbcrcmperi}pim} lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie}+ Pberejlre$ pbe}e hec}ure}

mck vdcy ck ihvlrpckp rlde ik èzedlvhekp }vemudcpilk mlkprld vldimie}$ qbimb mck oe u}e` oy vldimy ckcdy}p} pl

hec}ure ìjjerekme} ik pbe}e ihvcmp} cmmlrìka pl pbe èjerekme ik pbeir mbcrcmperi}pim}$ pl bedv pbeh è}iak ck`

ezcducpe pbe vrlver èzedlvhekp mlkprld plld} jlr acpika urock jlrh+

Acpe` Mlhhukipie} i} c veglrcpize perh pbcp mlkklpe} pbe ukè}ircode jecpure} lj mlkpehvlrcry urock èzedlvhekpvcpperk}+ ]umb jecpure} ikmduè$ jlr echvde ik himrl dezed7 dlq èk}ipy ck` }evcrcpe` dck` u}e}$ ck` cuplhloide

lriekpcpilk$ oe}iè ik hcmrl dezed7 urock mlkkempizipy$ verhecoidipy$ zi}ucd cvvecrckme$ }cjepy ck` }emuripy+ Hcky lj


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pbe}e jecpure}$ blqezer$ cre ìjjimudp pl oe hec}ure` lr èjike`+ Jlr pbe vurvl}e} lj pbi} mbcvper$ c kuhoer lj

suckpijicode }vcpicd mbcrcmperi}pim} cre u}e`+

Pbe jlddlqika }vcpicd c}}uhvpilk} ck` }mekcril} cre vup jlrqcr` pl }ihvdijy ck` jcmidipcpe pbe zi}ucd ikpervrepcpilk ck`

pbe ukèr}pckìka lj pbe ihvcmp lj ecmb acpe` mlhhukipy jecpure revre}ekpe` ik ocrrier}$ }vcpicd }eareacpilk$ }lmicd

}eareacpilk$ lk urock èzedlvhekp+ C} c vrihcry }pev pl oe u}e` ik echikika pbe redcpilk oepqeek ecmb lj zcrie`

vby}imcd mbcrcmperi}pim} ck` urock èzedlvhekp+

0+3+ Himrl VrizcpeMlhhukipy@ezedlver} pbrluab acpika mlhhukipie} pry pl mrecpe c recd mlhhukipy$ pbey }een pl ekbckme ck` mbcrcmperiwe ip qipb

}edj(}ujjimiekmy$ }lmicd mlbe}ilk$ emlklhim ejjimiekmy$ ck` ekbckmika urock c}vemp}$ qbimb mck }cpi}jy ip} mlk}uher}

ck` re}ièkp} ik i}ldcpilk jrlh pbe mipy+ Blqezer$ c} pbe èzedlver} `l pbi}$ pbe ocrrier} }pcrp pl ihvcmp lk himrl

mlhhukipy qipb pbe ocrrier}$ }vcpicd ck` }lmil(}vcpicd re}primpilk+ Oc}e` lk pbe vrezilu} mripimi}h lj Acpe`

Mlhhukipie}$ pbe e}}ekme lj himrl urock jlrh è}iak i} pl oe mlkkempe` pl pbe mipy jlr ikpearcpe`$ ikperredcpilk ck`

ikperèvekèkmy+ C }iakijimckp c}vemp lj pbeir ièkpipy i} pbeir èvekèkp vl}ipilk ik pbe }prumpure lj pbe mipy lj qbimb

pbey cre c vcrp+

Ik pbe co}ekme lj pbe}e c}vemp}$ ukèr acpika mlkìpilk}$ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} oemlhe ikqcr` cmpika$ }edj mlkpcike` ck`

juddy }evcrcpe` oy vby}imcd ocrrier} jrlh }urrlukìka crec} ck` jrlh pbe mipy+ Pbe}e ihvcmp} purke` pbe mipy ikpl èc`

}preep kepqlrn pbcp `l klp vrlziè cky }erzime} lr urock }vcme}> bekme himrl mlhhukipy kee` pl oe }edj }ujjimiekp

mlhhukipy ck` oebcze ik ck i}ldcpe` mirmuh}pckme} lup jrlh pbe mipy+ Oe}iè pbe Acpe` Mlhhukipy jlmu}e} lk pbeir

lqk ikker re}lurme}$ qbimb cre dihipe`$ bekme pbey dcmn pbe keme}}cry re}lurme}$ }erzime} ck` jukmpilk} pl vrlziè c

prue mlhhukipy dije+

Cmbiezika dlq keacpize ihvcmp} lk himrl mlhhukipy cre ikjduekme` oy ikìziùcd$ dlmcpilk ck` arluvika

mbcrcmperi}pim}+ Pbek pbe vurvl}e lj pbi} mbcvper i} pl recmb mriperic jlr pbe}e mbcrcmperi}pim} pbcp mck reùme pbe

ukqckpe` ihvcmp} lk himrl mlhhukipy+

Pbe jlddlqika hlèd qidd echike pbe ihvcmp lj acpika jecpure ck` mlkìpilk} revre}ekpe` ik ocrrier}$ }vcpicdre}primpilk$ }lmil(}vcpicd re}primpilk lk pbe èperhikcpilk lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ikìziùcd mbcrcmperi}pim} revre}ekpe`

ik }iwe$ crec$ èk}ipy$ (y rcpil$ dck` u}e vcpperk$ blu}ika pyve vcpperk$ }preep kepqlrn vcpperk$ ck` lpber> }l c} pl

cmbieze himrl vrizcpe mlhhukipy èzedlvhekp+

Hec}urehekp C}}uhvpilk} Hec}urika ]mekcril}

Jia+ "9( 3)7 Hec}urika c}}uhvpilk} ck`

}mekcril}+ ++

C}}uhv+

"3)Keacpize cjjempe` crec cvvrlcmb Kl+ Lj crec} vervekìmudcr pl pbe qcdd

C}}uhv+

"?)Keacpize cjjempe` vcpb} vcrcdded pl

qcdd cvvrlcmb

Kl+ lj cjjempe` vcpb} vcrcdded pl pbe

qcddC}}uhv+

"=)Keacpize cjjempe` vcpb}

vervekìmudcr pl qcdd cvvrlcmb

Kl+ lj cjjempe` vcpb} vervekìmudcr pl

pbe qcdd$ kuhoer lj cmme}} vlikp}C}}uhv+

"0)Zcricpilk jcmplr cvvrlcmb Kl+ lj ìzer}e blu}ika pyve

C}}uhv+

"5) I}ldcpilk jcmplr cvvrlcmbKl+ lj }eahekp} oepqeek ìzer}e

blu}ika pyve}C}}uhv+

":) Evl}ure jcmplr cvvrlcmbKl+ lj }eahekp} oepqeek ìzer}e

blu}ika pyve}C}}uhv+

"1)Dezed lj }edj(}ujjimiekmy cvvrlcmb Kl+ lj acpe` crec ck` ip} èk}ipy c}

jcmplr lj vlvudcpilk }iweC}}uhv+

"2)dezed lj Ikperkcd mlkkempizipy

cvvrlcmb

Kl+ lj }preep kepqlrn ikper}empilk}

C}}uhv+

"9)dezed lj dck` u}e ck` }erzime}

cddlmcpilk ejjimiekmy cvvrlcmb

Kl+ lj dejp mlkpikulu} klp cjjempe`

crec zcdue}

Pbe jlddlqika }empilk u}e} pbe vrlvl}e` }vcpicd c}}uhvpilk}$ echike} pbe mlrredcpilk ei}pe` oepqeek ecmb zcrie`

vby}imcd mbcrcmperi}pim} ck` urock èzedlvhekp+ _edcpe` pl ecmb vby}imcd mbcrcmperi}pim$ jlur cdperkcpize} cre

èzedlve`$ pbe èzedlvhekp c}}uhvpilk} cre hec}ure` jlr ecmb cdperkcpize$ jcmplr ckcdy}i} jlr cdd c}}uhvpilk} cre

`lke$ ck` pbe redcpilk oepqeek jcmplr }mlre revre}ekpika pbe ihvcmp lk èzedlvhekp ck` ecmb cdperkcpize cre prcme` lkc ìcarch pl èùme pbe redcpilk oepqeek pbeh+


12/32


3?

0+3+3+ ]preep Kepqlrn Vcpperk

C O M @ Ocrrier} ]lmil(]vcpicd

re}primpilk

]vcpicd

re}primpilkHlzehekp oebczilr Zi}ucd ihvcmp

Ikp+mlkkempizi

py

Ep+mlkkempizi

py

Keacpizecjjem

pe`

Vervik`+

Vcpb}

Keacpizecjjem

pe`

VcrcddedVcpb}

Keacpizecjjem

pe`crec

Dckù}ecddlm

cpilk

@izer}ipyjcmpl

r

I}ldcpilkJcmpl

Evl}urejcmpl

r

Kl+ljacpe`crec

_edcpizeèk}ipy

_edcpize}iwe

Czcidcode}erz

ime}crec

]ujjimiekp}erz

ime}

Ejjimiekp}erzime}

C ?5 ?6 (?6 (?0 (?6 3: 3 3 3 =: 3 3 3 0 3

O 3? 3? (3? (?0 (?6 3: 3 3 3 =: 3 3 3 0 3

M 0 2 (1 (?0 (?6 3: 3 3 3 =: 3 3 3 0 3

@ 6 2 6 (?0 (?6 3: 3 3 3 =: 3 3 3 0 3

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp ari` hlèd i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika urock èzedlvhekp$ }ikme ip i} hlre ikper}empilk vlikp} pbcp

rejdemp }blrp ì}pckme ck` pihe jlr mlhhupika qbimb mlud` cmbieze ejjimiekp hlzehekp oebczilr ik himrl mlhhukipy

"ikperkcd mlkkempizipy$ eperkcd mlkkempizipy)+

0+3+?+ ]iwe]iwe i} u}ejuddy oe ì}mu}}e` ukèr pbree becìka} lj }iwe ck` èk}ipy$ }iwe ck` crec$ ck` }iwe ck` "crec(èk}ipy)$ qbimbcre c} jlddlq7

0+3+?+3+@ek}ipy ck` ]iwe

C O M @

Ocrrier} ]lmil(]vcpicd

re}primpilk

]vcpicd

re}primpilkHlzehekp oebczilr zi}ucd ihvcmp

Ikp+

mlkkempizipy

Ep+mlkkempizip

y Keacpize

cjjempe`

Vervik`+

Vcpb}

Keacpize

cjjempe`

VcrcddedVcpb}

Keacpize

cjjempe`crec

Dckù}e

cddlmcpilk

@izer}ipyjcmplr

I}ldcpilkJcmplr

Evl}urejcmplr

Kl+ljacpe`

crec

_edcpize

èk}ipy

_edcpize}iwe

Czcidcode

]ujjimiekp

}erzime}

Ejjimiekp

}erzime}

C 9 3? (3? (3: (3? 3? ( ?0 ( 3: 3 3: 3 3: 3:

O 9 3? (3? 3: 3? 3? ?0 3: ? =? 3 =? =?

M 9 3? (3? 3: 3? 3? ?0 3: = 02 3 02 02

@ 9 3? (3? 3: 3? 3? ?0 3: 0 :0 3 :0 :0

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp ikmrec}ika èk}ipy lj pbe mlhhukipy i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika urock èzedlvhekp$ }ikme ipikmrec}e} }iwe lj pbe mlhhukipy pbcp mck ckihcpe }preep}$ ck` ikmrec}e dezed lj }edj(}ujjimiekmy$ }lmicd ikpercmpilk

oepqeek re}ièkp}+ Ip i} ezièkp pbcp himrl mlhhukipy èzedlvhekp i} ìrempdy vrlvlrpilkcd qipb Acpe` Mlhhukipie}

èk}ipy+


13/32


3=

0+3+?+?+Crec ck` ]iwe

C O M @ Ocrrier} ]lmil(]vcpicd

re}primpilk

]vcpicd(

re}primpilkHlzehekp Oebczilr Zi}ucd Ihvcmp

Ikp+mlkkempizipy

Ep+mlkkempizipy

Keacpizecjjempe`

Verv

ik`+

Vcpb}

Keacpizecjjempe`

VcrrcdedVcpb}

Keacpizecjjempe`

crec

Dckù}ecddlmcpilk

@ize

r}ipyjcmplr

I}ldc

pilkJcmplr

Evl}urejcmplr

Kl+ljacpe`crec

_edc

pizeèk}ipy

_edc

pize}iwe

Czcidcode}erzime}

crec

]ujjimiekp}erzime}

Ejjimiekp}erzime}

C 3 0 (0 (2 (0 0 6 6 6 0 3 0 3 0 +5

O 9 3? (3? (3: (0 3? 3 2 6 3: 3 3: ? 3: ?

M ?5 ?6 (?6 (?0 (3: ?6 ? 3: 0 =: 3 =: = =: =

@ 09 ?2 (?2 (:0 =: ?2 = ?0 3: :0 3 :0 0 :0 5

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp ikmrec}ika crec lj pbe mlhhukipy$ cre hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika urock èzedlvhekp$ }ikme ip i} lk

lke bck` ikmrec}e} }iwe lj pbe mlhhukipy pbcp mck ikmrec}e} ckihcpe` }preep}$ dezed lj }edj }ujjimiekmy$ ck` }lmicd

ikpercmpilk oepqeek re}ièkp}$ ck` lk pbe lpber bck` ikmrec}e czcidcode crec jlr vuodim }vcme}+ Ip i} ezièkp pbcp himrl

mlhhukipy èzedlvhekp i} ìrempdy vrlvlrpilkcd qipb Acpe` Mlhhukipie} crec+ Jurpberhlre$ cdpbluab pbey mrecpe

dcrae keacpize cjjempe` vcpb} ck` crec$ pbey mrecpe dcraer kuhoer lj mlkpikulu} klp cjjempe` crec+

0+3+?+=+Vlvudcpilk "Crec @ek}ipy) ck` ]iwe

C O M @

Ocrrier} ]lmil(]vcpicdre}primpilk ]vcpicdre}primpilkHlzehekp oebczilr zi}ucd ihvcmp

Ikp+mlkkempizipy

Ep+mlkkempizipy

Keacpize

cjjempe`

Vervik`+

Vcpb}

Keacpize

cjjempe`Vcrcdded

Vcpb}

Keacpize

cjjempe`crec

Dckù}e

cddlmcpilk

@izer}ipyjcmplr

I}ldcpilkJcmplr

Evl}urejcmpl

Kl+ljacpe`

crec

_edcpizeèk}ipy

_edcpize}iwe

Czcidcode

}erzime}crec

]ujjimiekp

}erzime}

Ejjimiekp

}erzime}

C 3 0 0 2 0 0 6 6 6 0 3 0 0 0 +5

O 9 3? (3? 3: 0 3? 3 2 6 3: ? =? 3: =? ?

M ?5 ?6 (?6 ?0 3: ?6 ? 3: 0 =: = 362 =: 362 =

@ 09 ?2 (?2 :0 =: ?2 = ?0 3: :0 0 ?5: :0 ?5: 5

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp ikmrec}ika crec ck` èk}ipy lj pbe mlhhukipy i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika urock èzedlvhekp$ }ikme

ip i} lk lke bck` ikmrec}e} }iwe lj pbe mlhhukipy pbcp mck ikmrec}e ckihcpe` }preep}$ dezed lj }edj(}ujjimiekmy$ ck`

}lmicd ikpercmpilk oepqeek re}ièkp}+ Lk pbe lpber bck`$ ikmrec}e czcidcode crec jlr vuodim }vcme}+ Ip i} ezièkp pbcp

himrl mlhhukipy èzedlvhekp i} ìrempdy vrlvlrpilkcd qipb Acpe` Mlhhukipie} crec+ Jurpberhlre$ cdpbluab pbeymrecpe dcrae keacpize cjjempe` vcpb} ck` crec$ pbey mrecpe dcraer kuhoer lj mlkpikulu} klp cjjempe` crec+


14/32


30

0+3+=+ Blu}ika Zcricpilk Vcpperk

C O M @


re}primpilk

]vcpicd( re}primpilk

Hlzehekp oebczilr zi}ucd ihvcmp

Ikp+

mlkkempizipy

Ep+ml

kkempizip

y Keacpize

cjjempe

`

Vervik

`+

Vcpb}

Keacpize

cjjempe

`

VcrcddedVcpb}

Keacpize

cjjempe

`crec

Dckù

}e

cddlmcpilk

@izer}

ipy

jcmpl

I}ldcpilk

Jcmplr

Evl}ure

Jcmplr

Kl+lj

acpe`

crec

_edcpize

èk}ipy

_edcpize}iwe

Czcidc

ode

]ujjimiekp

}erzime}

Ejjimie

kp

}erzime}

C 9 3? (3? (3: (3? 3? 0 :6 : =: 3 =: 0 =: =:

O 9 3? (3? 3: 3? 3? 2 :6 2 =: ? 1? 0 1? 1?

M 9 3? (3? 3: 3? 3? 3? :6 36 =: = 362 0 362 362

@9 3? (3? 3: 3? 3? 3: :6 3? =: 0 300 0 300 300

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp ikmrec}ika blu}ika pyve!} zcricpilk i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika urock èzedlvhekp> }ikme ip

ikmrec}e} ìzer}ipy ik }erzime} ck` urock }vcme}+ Jurpberhlre$ ip ikmrec}e} evl}ure jcmplr oepqeek ìzer}e blu}ika

pyve} pbcp ikmrec}e }lmicd mcvipcd+ Ip i} ezièkp pbcp himrl mlhhukipy èzedlvhekp i} ìrempdy vrlvlrpilkcd qipb

zcricpilk lj blu}ika pyve+

0+3+0+ Blu}ika Hi Vcpperk

C O M @


re}primpilk



Ikp+mlkkempizipy

Ep+mlkkempizipy

Keacpizecjjempe`

Vervik`+

Vcpb}

Keacpizecjjempe`

VcrcddedVcpb}

Keacpizecjjempe`crec

Dckù}ecddlmcpilk

@izer}ipyjcmplr

I}ldcpilkJcmplr

Evl}urejcmpl

Kl+ljacpe`crec

_edcpizeèk}ipy

_edcpize}iwe

Czcidcode}erzime}crec

]ujjimiekp}erzime}

Ejjimiekp}erzime}

C ?5 ?6 ?6 ?0 3: ?6 ? 3: 2 =: = 362 0 362 3

O ?5 ?6 ?6 ?0 3: ?6 ? 3: 3? =: = 362 0 362 ?

M ?5 ?6 ?6 ?0 3: ?6 ? 3: 30 =: = 362 0 362 =

@ ?5 ?6 ?6 ?0 3: ?6 ? 3: 3: =: = 362 0 362 0

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp ikmrec}ika blu}ika hi i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika urock èzedlvhekp> }ikme ip ikmrec}e} evl}ure

jcmplr oepqeek ìzer}e blu}ika pyve} pbcp ikmrec}e }lmicd mcvipcd+ Ip i} ezièkp pbcp himrl mlhhukipy èzedlvhekp i}ìrempdy vrlvlrpilkcd qipb hi lj blu}ika pyve+


15/32


35

0+3+5+ Blu}ika Hi "Ezekke}}TMdu}perika)

C O M @


re}primpilk

]vcpicd( re}primpilkHlzehekp oebczilr zi}ucd ihvcmp

Ikp+mlkkempizipy

Ep+mlkkempizipy

Keacpizecjjempe`

Vervik`+

Vcpb}

Keacpizecjjempe`

VcrrcdedVcpb}

Keacpizecjjempe`

crec

Dckù}ecddlmcpil

k

@izer}ipyjcmplr

I}ldcpilkJcmpl

Evl}urejcmpl

Kl+ljacpe`crec

_edcpizeèk}ipy

_edcpize}iwe


]ujjimiekp}erzime}

Ejjimiekp}erzime}

C ?5 ?6 ?6 ?0 3: ?6 ? 02 3? =: = 362 0 362 3

O ?5 ?6 ?6 ?0 3: ?6 ? =: ?0 =: = 362 0 362 ?

M ?5 ?6 ?6 ?0 3: ?6 ? ( :6 =: = 362 0 362 =

@ ?5 ?6 ?6 ?0 3: ?6 ? ( 3?6 =: = 362 0 362 0

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp ikmrec}ika blu}ika hi ezekke}}$ cre hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika urock èzedlvhekp> }ikme ip

ikmrec}e} evl}ure jcmplr oepqeek ìzer}e blu}ika pyve}$ pbcp ikmrec}e }lmicd mcvipcd+ Ip i} ezièkp pbcp himrl

mlhhukipy èzedlvhekp i} ìrempdy vrlvlrpilkcd qipb ezekke}} hi lj blu}ika pyve+

Pbrluab pbe byvlpbepimcd hlèd$ zcricpilk ck` hi lj blu}ika pyve cre c jukmpilk ik }iwe lj pbe re}ièkp}+ C} }iwe lj

pbe mlhhukipy ikmrec}e$ pbe mbckme jlr re}ièkpicd zcricpilk i} ikmrec}e`$ }l ip cjjemp} pbe zcricpilk lj blu}ika pyve}+

0+3+:+ Dck` U}e VcpperkChlka mripim} lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie}$ ip dcmn} c hi lj dck` u}e}> èvek` lk }ikade dck` u}e "re}ièkpicd)+ Pl }umb

mripim} arecper hiika lj u}e} jcmidipcpe} qcdnika ck` oinika$ dlqer} zebimde hide} prczede`$ ihvrlze} cir sucdipy$ ck`

ekbckme} urock ce}pbepim}+ ]ihidcrdy$ ik pbe co}ekme lj dck` u}e hiika$ blhe} cre ljpek dlmcpe` cp arecp ì}pckme}

jrlh mlhhermicd e}pcodi}bhekp}$ qbimb jurpber ì}mlurcae qcdnika ck` ikmrec}e} èvekèkme lk pbe cuplhloide+

Oc}e` lk pbe byvlpbepimcd hlèd$ èk}ipy$ zcricpilk ck` hi lj u}e} cre c jukmpilk ik }iwe lj re}ièkp}+ C} dck` u}e i}

mlhvl}e` lj re}ièkpicd u}e} ck` lpber u}e}+ Cmmlrìka pl pbe }iwe lj pbe re}ièkpicd crec ck` }iwe lj pbe mlhhukipy$pbe zcricpilk lj dck` u}e ei}p}+ C} }iwe lj pbe mlhhukipy ikmrec}e pbe }iwe ck` pyve lj }erzime} ck` lpber klk(

re}ièkpicd dck` u}e} ikmrec}e+ Pberejlre$ }iwe ck` zcricpilk lj u}e} i} c jukmpilk ik }iwe lj pbe mlhhukipy+ Pbi} i} ik

qipbik dihip} lj emlklhim} lj }iwe+

Ik c`ìpilk$ dck` u}e }erzime} zcricpilk i} zcrie` cmmlrìka pl re}ièkpicd èk}ipy ck` zcricpilk> c} èk}ipy ck` zcricpilk

ik blu}ika pyve ikmrec}e pbe vrlocoidipy jlr bcze zcricpilk ik blu}ika pyve cd}l ikmrec}e+ ]l dck` u}e zcricpilk i} c

jukmpilk ik blu}ika èk}ipy ck` pyve+


16/32


3:

0+3+1+ Oluk`crie}Oluk`crie} cre u}ejuddy oeika ì}mu}}e` ukèr pbe becìka} lj cmme}} acpe}$ oluk`cry dck` u}e$ ck` (y rcpil+

0+3+1+3+ R(Y _cpil

C O M @


re}primpilk


Hlzehekp oebczilr Zi}ucd ihvcmp

Ikp+mlkkempizipy

Ep+mlkkempizipy

Keacpizecjjempe`

Vervik`+

Vcpb}

Keacpizecjjempe`

VcrcddedVcpb}

Keacpizecjjempe`

crec

Dckù}ecddlmcpilk

@izer}ipyjcmplr

I}ldcpilkJcmplr

Evl}urejcmpl

Kl+ljacpe`crec

_edcpizeèk}ipy

_edcpize}iwe

Czcidcode}erzime}

]ujjimiekp}erzime}

Ejjimiekp}erzime}

C 9 ?6 (?6 (?0 6 ?6 =0 36 ?5 3 ?5 = ?5

O 30 32 (32 (?? (: 32 =1 ( ?5 3 ?5 = ?5

M 35 3: (3: (?6 (2 3: =2 ( ?5 3 ?5 = ?5

@ 3: 3: (3: (32 (9 35 56 3 ?5 3 ?5 = ?5

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp pbe hlre mlhvcmp rcpil i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika urock èzedlvhekp> }ikme pbey reùme

vcrcheper dekapb$ ck` cjjempe` crec$ ck` ikmrec}e klk(cjjempe` crec$ }l ip ì}prioupe} }erzime} esucddy pl cdd re}ièkp}$

ck` ikmrec}e} kuhoer lj mlkpikulu} klp cjjempe` crec$ ck` ikmrec}e ikpercmpilk oepqeek re}ièkp}+ Ip i} ezièkp pbcphimrl mlhhukipy èzedlvhekp i} ìrempdy vrlvlrpilkcd qipb mlhvcmpilk+

0+3+1+?+ Cmme}} Acpe}

C O M @


re}primpilk


Hlzehekp oebczilr Zi}ucd ihvcmp

Ikp+mlkkempizipy

Ep+mlkkempizipy

Keacpizecjjempe`

Vervik`+

Vcpb}

Keacpizecjjempe`

VcrcddedVcpb}


Dckù}ecddlmcpilk

@izer}ipyjcmplr

I}ldcpilkJcmplr

Evl}urejcmplr

Kl+ljacpe`crec

_edcpizeèk}ipy

_edcpize}iwe


]ujjimiekp}erzime}

Ejjimiekp}erzime}

C ?5 ? (32 (?? (32 ?6 3 3: ( =: ( 362 0 362 (

O ?5 0 (3: (?6 (3: ?6 3 3: ( =: ( 362 0 362 (

M ?5 : (30 (32 (30 ?6 3 3: ( =: ( 362 0 362 (@ ?5 2 (3? (3: (3? ?6 3 3: ( =: ( 362 0 362 (

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp ikmrec}ika kuhoer lj ekprckme} i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika urock èzedlvhekp> }ikme pbey reùme

heìck ì}pckme oepqeek ekprckme}$ ck` ikmrec}e redezckp eperkcd mlkkempizipy oepqeek himrl ck` c`gcmekp crec+


17/32


31

0+3+1+=+ Oluk`cry Dck` U}e

C O M @


re}primpilk



Ikp+mlkkempizipy

Ep+mlkkempizipy

Keacpizecjjempe`

Vervik`+V

cpb}

Keacpizecjjempe`

VcrcddedVcpb}


Dckù}ecddlmcpilk

@izer}ipyjcmplr

I}ldcpilkJ

cmpl

Evl}urejcmplr

Kl+ljacpe`crec

_edcpize`

ek}ipy

_edcpize}iwe

Czcidcode

}erzime}crec

]ujjimiekp

}erzime}

Ejjimiekp}erzime}

C ?5 ?6 (?0 (?0 (?6 ?6 3 3: ( =: ( 362 0 362 (

O ?5 ?6 (3: (3: (3? ?6 3 3: ( =: ( 362 0 362 (

M ?5 ?6 (3? (3? (36 ?6 3 3: ( =: ( 362 0 362 (

@ ?5 ?6 (6 6 6 ?6 3 3: ( =: ( 362 0 362 (

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp ikmrec}ika oluk`cry dck` u}e i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika urock èzedlvhekp> }ikme oluk`cry judd

lj u}e ip} ij judd lj dije ck` bekme oe }cje pl oe qcdn(code+

0+?+C@GCMEKP VUODIM MLHHUKIPY OEBCZILU_@ezedlver pbrluab acpika c mlhhukipy mbckae} ip} redcpilk qipb pbe mipy$ }evcrcpe c }vemijim crec jrlh ip} mlkpep ck`

mrecpe crec} pbcp cre re}primpe` cmme}} ik}iè urock jcorim$ pbey emduè c`gcmekp mlhhukipy$ ck` }eareacpe }vcpicd

jcorim+ C} pbe èzedlver `le} pbi}$ pbe ocrrier} }pcrp pl ihvcmp lk himrl mlhhukipy qipb pbe ocrrier}$ }vcpicd ck` }lmil(

}vcpicd re}primpilk+

Oc}e` lk pbe vrezilu} mripimi}h lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie}$ pbe dlq vlrlu} odlmn}$ ikpearcpe`$ ikperèvekèkme ck` prck}ip

lriekpe` èzedlvhekp i} c all` plld jlr cmbiezika mlkkempe`$ cmme}}iode$ ck` verhecode }vcpicd jcorim pbcp ikmrec}e}

urock ck` jukmpilkcd mlkkempizipy ck` ihvrlze }lmicd ck` emlklhim }ipucpilk}+ Jikcddy$ hcnika u}e} ik pbe}e }preep} i}

c all` plld jlr dizcode$ }u}pcikcode urock jcorim$ cd}l ikmrec}ika urock coidipy+

]ihidcrdy$ ik pbe co}ekme lj pbi} c}vemp}$ ukèr mlkìpilk} lj acpika+ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ihvcmp lk c`gcmekp crec$

Jir}p7 pbey mrecpe vlmnep} ck` mdl}e vervekìmudcr vcpb} pbcp reùme urock cmme}}ioidipy pl ik}iè$ verhecoidipy pl

oebik` ck` mlkkempizipy qipb ip} keiabolur}+ ]emlk`7 pbey emduè c`gcmekp keiabolr ck` edihikcpe redcpilk ck`

ikpercmpilk qipb pbeh+ Pbir`7 pbey u}e jekme} ik ip} oluk`crie} eperkcd vcpb}$ edihikcpika cky u}e jrlh ip }l pbey hcne

pbe}e }iè} èc` eàe} ik}iè urock jcorim reùmika ip} dizcoidipy+

Cmbiezika dlq keacpize ihvcmp} lk c`gcmekp mlhhukipy cre ikjduekme` oy ikìziùcd$ dlmcpilk ck` arluvika

mbcrcmperi}pim}+ Pbek pbe vurvl}e lj pbe jlddlqika vcrcarcvb i} pl recmb mriperic jlr pbe}e mbcrcmperi}pim} pbcp mck reùme

pbe ukqckpe` ihvcmp} lk c`gcmekp mlhhukipy+


18/32


32

Pbe jlddlqika hlèd qidd echike pbe ihvcmp lj acpika jecpure} ck` mlkìpilk} revre}ekpe` ik "ocrrier}$ ]vcpicd

re}primpilk$ }lmil(}vcpicd re}primpilk) lk pbe èperhikcpilk lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie} ikìziùcd mbcrcmperi}pim} revre}ekpe`

ik "crec$ (y rcpil$ oluk`cry dck` u}e vcpperk ck` kuhoer lj ekprckme})> Dlmcpilk mbcrcmperi}pim} revre}ekpe` ik "Vuodim

pl vrizcpe$ mekprcd pl verivbery$ ck` jike arcike` pl }uver odlmn)> ck` urock jcorim mbcrcmperi}pim} revre}ekpe` ik "}preep

kepqlrn$ blu}ika pyve$ ck` lpber)$ }l c} pl cmbieze c`gcmekp vuodim mlhhukipy èzedlvhekp+


Jia+ "9( ?)7 Hec}urika c}}uhvpilk} ck` }mekcril}+

C}}uhv+

"3)

Keacpize cjjempe` crec

cvvrlcmb

Kl+ lj crec} vcrcdded pl pbe qcdd

C}}uhv+

"?)

Keacpize cjjempe` vcpb}

vervekìmudcr pl qcdd

Kl+ lj re}primpe` vcpb} vervekìmudcr pl pbe qcdd

"mlkkempizipy$ verhecoidipy$ cmme}}ioidipy)

C}}uhv+

"=)


vcrcdded pl qcdd cvvrlcmb

Kl+ lj cjjempe` vcpb} vcrcdded pl pbe qcdd

"zi}ucd ihvcmp$ }emuripy ck` }cjepy$ kuhoer lj u}e}

reùme emlklhim ejjimiekmy lj c`gcmekp vuodim lvek

}vcme})

C}}uhv+

"0)

Dezed lj c`gcmekp

mlhhukipy }edj(

}ujjimiekmy cvvrlcmb

Kl+ lj re}p klp cjjempe` vuodim crec ck` ip} èk}ipy c}

jcmplr lj vlvudcpilk

C}}uhv+"5)

Pbe evl}ure jcmplrcvvrlcmb

Kl+ lj }eahekp} oepqeek Acpe` Mlhhukipy ck` pbec`gcmekp lvek mlhhukipy

C}}uhv+

":)

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ì}}ihidcripie} jcmplr}

Kl+ lj }eahekp} oepqeek acpe` mlhhukipy ck` pbe

c`gcmekp lvek mlhhukipy jrlh ìzer}e blu}ika pyve}

C}}uhv+

"1)

Pbe i}ldcpilk jcmplr

cvvrlcmb

Kl+ lj }eahekp} oepqeek Acpe` Mlhhukipy ck` pbe

c`gcmekp Acpe` Mlhhukipy

C}}uhv+

"2)

Pbe i}ldcpilk


Kl+ lj }eahekp} oepqeek acpe` mlhhukipy ck` pbe

c`gcmekp acpe` mlhhukipy jrlh ìzer}e blu}ika pyve}

Pbe jlddlqika }empilk u}e} pbe vrlvl}e` }vcpicd c}}uhvpilk} pl echike pbe mlrredcpilk ei}pe` oepqeek ecmb zcrie`

vby}imcd mbcrcmperi}pim} ck` urock èzedlvhekp+ _edcpe` pl ecmb vby}imcd mbcrcmperi}pim$ jlur cdperkcpize} creèzedlve`$ pbe èzedlvhekp c}}uhvpilk} cre hec}ure` jlr ecmb cdperkcpize$ jcmplr ckcdy}i} jlr cdd c}}uhvpilk} cre

`lke$ ck` pbe redcpilk oepqeek jcmplr }mlre revre}ekpika pbe ihvcmp lk èzedlvhekp ck` ecmb cdperkcpize cre prcme` lk

c ìcarch pl èùme pbe redcpilk oepqeek pbeh+

0+?+3+ Oluk`crie}Oluk`crie} cre u}ejuddy ì}mu}}e` ukèr pbe becìka} lj cmme}} acpe}$ oluk`cry dck` u}e$ (y rcpil$ ck` crec+


19/32


39

0+?+3+3+ Cmme}} Acpe}

C O M @


ì}mlkpikuipy

]vcpicd( emdu}ilkHlzehekp oebczilr zi}ucd ihvcmp

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}preep}

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udcrvcpb}

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]ujjimiekp}erzime}

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C ? ? ?6 (?: ( (?? ( ?0 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

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@ 2 2 ?6 ?6 ( (3: ( ?0 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp ikmrec}ika kuhoer lj cmme}} vlikp} i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika èzedlvhekp jlr c`gcmekp

mlhhukipy }ikme ip èmrec}e} keacpize cjjempe` crec$ vcpb} pbcp ìjjerekpdy cjjemp "cmme}}ioidipy(mlkkempizipy(zirpucd

cvvecrckme)+

0+?+3+?+ Oluk`cry Dck` U}e

C O M @


ì}mlkpikuipy


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r

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Ip i} ezièkp pbcp ikmrec}ika oluk`cry dck` u}e i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika èzedlvhekp jlr c`gcmekp mlhhukipy+

}ikme ip reùme} keacpize cjjempe` crec$ ck` vcpb} }l ip hcne} }preep} jidd lj dize pbrluab zcriepy hi lj cmpizipie}$ ck`

hcne c mlkpikulu} eye lk }preep$ bekme ekbckme }emuripy ck` }cjepy$ zi}ucd cvvecrckme lj }preep$ ck` reì}mlzerika

}preep c} }lmicd }vcme$ qbimb cjjemp vuodim dije ik pbe mipy+ Pbi} ihvcmp i} vcrcdded pl pbe vcrcheper$ ck` èvek`} hcikdy

lk pbe kcpure lj pbe oluk`cry "dck` u}e$ beiabp$ kcpure)+


20/32


?6

0+?+3+=+ Crec

C O M @


ì}mlkpikuipy


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lu}

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ikmrec}e} vuodim }vcme} lk oebcze lj vrizcpe lke$ reùme} jekme} dekapb ck` vcrcheper ck` bekme reùme cjjempe`

keiabolrbll` crec+ Ip ihvrlze} verhecoidipy$ mlkkempizipy lj urock jcorim$ bekme reùme} emlklhim ml}p lj pihe ck`

jued mlk}uhvpilk+ ]ihidcrdy$ u}ika dcrae crec mlhhukipy ikmrec}e} "re}primpe` vcpb}$ cjjempe` keiabolrbll` crec$ ck`

keacpize cjjempe` vcpb})$ qbimb cjjemp vuodim dije ik pbe mipy+

0+?+3+0+ R(y _cpil

C O M @


ì}mlkpikuipy


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C 9 ( (?6 (?6 ( (?0 ( ? ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

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@ 3: (3: 35

( (32 ( 3? ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp pbe hlre mlhvcmp rcpil i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika èzedlvhekp jlr c`gcmekp mlhhukipy+ }ikme ip

reùme} keacpize cjjempe` crec$ ck` vcrcdded vcpb}$ }l ip hcne} }preep} judd lj dize pbrluab zcriepy hi lj cmpizipie}$ pbcp

hcne c mlkpikulu} eye lk }preep$ bekme ekbckme }emuripy ck` }cjepy$ zi}ucd cvvecrckme lj }preep$ reì}mlzerika }preep c}

}lmicd }vcme$ qbimb cjjemp vuodim dije ik pbe mipy+ Oe}iè}$ ip ikmrec}e} vervekìmudcr vcpb} ip ihvrlze} verhecoidipy$

mlkkempizipy lj urock jcorim$ bekme reùme} emlklhim ml}p lj pihe ck` jued mlk}uhvpilk pbi} ihvcmp i} vcrcdded pl pbe

vcrcheper$ ck` èvek` hcikdy lk pbe kcpure lj pbe jekme crec "dck` u}e$ beiabp$ kcpure)+


21/32


?3

0+?+3+5+ Dlmcpilk

C O M @


ì}mlkpikuipy


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C 3: ( (3: (?0 ( (?6 ( ?6 ( ( 06 3 06 0+2 06 3?%

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Oc}e` lk pbe vrezilu} byvlpbepimcd hlèd ckcdy}i} ip!} ezièkp pbcp pbe hlre verivbery dlmcpilk lj Acpe` Mlhhukipy

ik redezckme pl vuodim crec i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika èzedlvhekp jlr c`gcmekp mlhhukipy "Cmme}}ioidipy(

verhecoidipy(mlkkempizipy(zi}ucd cvvecrckme)+ ]ikme ip ikmrec}e }iwe lj pbe dejp vuodim crec$ ikmrec}e }edj(}ujjimiekmy lj

vuodim crec ck` reùme} emlklhim ml}p lj pihe ck` jued mlk}uhvpilk+

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vcpperk "}ikade re}ièkpicd$ }ehi$ zcrie` hie` re}ièkpicd)+ cdd pbe}e jecpure} bcze pl oe pe}pe`+

0+?+?+3+Urock Jcorim ]preep Kepqlrn Vcpperk

C O M @


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Ip i} ezièkp pbcp pbe hlre jike(arcike` }preep kepqlrn i} de}} cmbiezika èzedlvhekp jlr c`gcmekp mlhhukipy+ ]ikme pbe

hlre vlrlu} }preep kepqlrn i} hlre re}primpe` ùe pl acpe` jecpure}$ cmmlrìkady ip reùme} cmme}}ioidipy(verhecoidipy(

mlkkempizipy+


22/32


??

0+?+?+?+ Urock Jcorim "Acpe` lr Klk(Acpe`)

C O M @


ì}mlkpikuipy


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kp

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p

}erzime}

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M 3: ( (?6 (?2 : (?0 : (32 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

@ 3: ( (?2 (=:6 (?0 6 (?0 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

Ip i} ezièkp pbcp dlmcpilk} qipbik acpe` crec i} hlre ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika èzedlvhekp jlr c`gcmekp mlhhukipy$ }ikme

pbe hlre vlrlu} }preep kepqlrn pbe hlre ip} }preep kepqlrn cre re}primpe` ck` pbe hlre i} cjjempe` oy Acpe`

Mlhhukipie} vby}imcd jecpure}$ ikmrec}e cmme}}ioidipy$ verhecoidipy$ ck` mlkkempizipy$ zi}ucd cvvecrckme+

0+?+?+=+ Urock Jcorim Blu}ika Vcpperk

C O M @


ì}mlkpikuipy

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Ip!} ezièkp pbcp dlmcpilk} qipbik ì}}ihidcr blu}ika pyve} i} de}} ejjimiekp ik cmbiezika èzedlvhekp jlr c`gcmekp

mlhhukipy+ ]ikme ip ikmrec}e kuhoer lj keacpize ì}}ihidcripy evl}ure$ qbimb ikmrec}e }ek}e lj }lmicd pek}ilk

oepqeek himrl ck` c`gcmekp mlhhukipy+


23/32


?=

0+?+?+0+ Urock Jcorim @ek}ipy$ Zcricpilk$ Dck` u}e ck` Blu}ika VcpperkC} dlka c} pbe mlhhukipy ik eperkcd urock jcorim bc} pbe keeè` }iwe pl cmbieze ip} }edj(}ujjimiekmy$ ip mck qlrn oe}p

qipblup pbe mlkkempilk pl himrl mlhhukipy kee`+ Pl cmbieze pbi} ip èvek`} lk pbe vrlme}} lj mlddempika Acpe`

Mlhhukipie} ik}iè urock jcorim> pbe hlre vuodim crec$ pbe hlre pbe mlhhukipy mlud` bcze èzedlvhekp ikìmcplr}+

Pbi} i} rejdempe` lk dck` u}e zcricpilk$ dck` u}e èk}ipy$ ck` }erzime} czcidcoidipy$ qbimb cre redcpe` jukmpilk} ik }iwe lj

vuodim crec+

Pbe de}} }edj(}ujjimiekp urock jcorim kepqlrn pbe hlre ip i} cjjempe` oy Acpe` Mlhhukipie} vby}imcd jecpure}+ Pbe de}}

èk}ipy lr zcricpilk lj u}e ik c`gcmekp keiabolrbll` pbe hlre ip i} cjjempe` oy acpe` vby}imcd jecpure}+ Pbi} vlikp

qlud` oe ì}mu}}e` ik pbe jlddlqika }empilk qbek ì}mu}}ika hcmrl }mcde ck` pbe vrlme}} lj dck` }uoìzi}ilk jlr lvek

ck` Acpe` Mlhhukipie}$ pl ck}qer sue}pilk} colup$ dlmcpilk$ rcpil$ ck` lpber jcmplr} lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie} pbcp mlud`

cjjemp pbe èzedlvhekp lj urock jcorim+

0+=+HCM_L VUODIM MLHHUKIPY OEBCZIL_Pbe vrlodeh lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie}$ lk hcmrl }mcde i} ik pbeir ihvcmp lk pbe lzercdd mipy$ vuodim(vrizcpe ì}prioupilk$

vcpb} cvvecrckme$ cmme}}$ verhecoidipy$ ck` mlkkempizipy$ ik}iè urock jcorim$ ejjimiekmy lj dejp vuodim kepqlrn}

"}erzime}$ urock }vcme} +++)+ Pbe}e vrlodeh} cre rejdempe` lk hcmrl èzedlvhekp reùmika ip} ejjimiekmy+ C} pbe }pcpe

cddlqe` `lika pbi}$ Acpe` Mlhhukipie} }pcrp pl ihvcmp lk hcmrl mlhhukipy qipb pbe ocrrier}$ }vcpicd ck` }lmil(

}vcpicd }eareacpilk+ Oc}e` lk pbe vrezilu} mripimi}h lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie}$ Jir}p7 ikpearcpe` ikperèvekèkme prck}ip

lriekpe` èzedlvhekp i} c all` plld jlr cmbiezika mlkkempe`$ cmme}}iode$ verhecode urock jcorim$ pbcp ikmrec}e urockck` jukmpilkcd mlkkempizipy$ ck` ihvrlze }lmicd ck` emlklhim }ipucpilk}+ ]emlk`7 dlq vlrlu} odlmn} i} c all` plld jlr

mlkkempika$ cmme}}iode$ verhecode urock jcorim pbcp ikmrec}e} urock ck` jukmpilkcd coidipy+ Pbir`7 hcnika u}e} ik pbe}e

}preep} i} c all` plld jlr dizcode$ }u}pcikcode urock jcorim$ ikmrec}e urock coidipy+ Jlurpb7 Cjjemp lzercdd }erzime}+ Jijpb7

ihvcmp lk lzercdd }lmicd hi+ ]i7 ihvcmp lk lzercdd èk}ipy lj re}ièkp}+

]ihidcrdy$ ik pbe co}ekme lj pbe}e c}vemp}$ ukèr mlkìpilk} lj acpika c mlhhukipy ik}iè urock jcorim$ pbe hcmrl

vcpperk lj pbe mipy mbckae} jrlh mlkkempe` lke pl c ìziè` lke$ jrlh jike arcike` lke pl }uver odlmn lke$ ck` jrlh

mlkkempe` ikpearcpe` pl }lmil(}vcpicddy }eareacpe`+ Pbe hcpper pbcp cjjempe` vuodim dije ck` lzercdd ihcae lj pbe mipy+

Pbey mlkzerp dcrae crec} lj pbe mipy ikpl èc` crec pbcp bc} kl dije$ dl}ika ip} ikperèvekèkmy+ Pbi} ihvcmp

èzedlvhekp c} jlddlq7 Jir}p7 pbey mrecpe oumnep} ck` mdl}e vervekìmudcr vcpb} pbcp reùme urock cmme}}ioidipy pl

ik}iè$ verhecoidipy pl oebik` ck` mlkkempizipy qipb ip} keiabolur}+ ]emlk`7 pbey emduè c`gcmekp keiabolr ck`

edihikcpe redcpilk ck` ikpercmpilk qipb pbeh+ Pbir`7 pbey u}e jekme} ik ip} oluk`crie} eperkcd vcpb}$ edihikcpika cky

u}e jrlh ip }l pbey hcne pbe}e }iè} èc` eàe} ik}iè urock jcorim reùmika ip} dizcoidipy+ Jlurpb7 pbey ì}vl}ipilk

}erzime}$ urock }vcme}$ ck` PL@ kepqlrn}$ Jijpb7 pbey cjjemp lzercdd èk}ipy$ blu}ika vcpperk$ dck` u}e vcpperk+

Cmbiezika dlq keacpize ihvcmp} lk hcmrl mlhhukipy cre ikjduekme` oy ikìziùcd$ dlmcpilk ck` arluvika

mbcrcmperi}pim}+ Urock jcorim lj pbe mipy$ qbimb i} ìziè` ikpl wlke}$ ìjjer} ik ip} ihvcmp cmmlrìka pl arluvika$

cddlmcpilk hepbl`} ik pbree hcik }prck`}7 "plpcddy vrizcpe crec$ mlhoikcpilk lj vuodim ck` vrizcpe crec}$ ck` vuodim


24/32


?0

crec)$ ck` pbe ì}prioupilk oepqeek vuodim ck` vrizcpe$ ck` jikcddy pbe cddlmcpilk lj vuodim ck` vrizcpe+ Pbek pbe

vurvl}e lj pbe jlddlqika vcrcarcvb i} pl recmb mriperic jlr pbe}e mbcrcmperi}pim} pbcp mck reùme pbe ukqckpe` ihvcmp}

lk c`gcmekp mlhhukipy+

Pbe jlddlqika hlèd qidd echike pbe ihvcmp lj acpika jecpure ck` mlkìpilk} revre}ekpe` ik "ocrrier}$ ]vcpicd

re}primpilk$ }lmil(}vcpicd re}primpilk) lk pbe èperhikcpilk lj Acpe` Mlhhukipie} arluvika mbcrcmperi}pim} revre}ekpe`

ik "Vrlihipy$ ìzi}ilk ck` lpber)$ }l c} pl cmbieze hcmrl mlhhukipy èzedlvhekp$ Jia+ "9(?)+ Ip i} ihvlrpckp jir}p pl

èperhike pbe ihvcmp lj ecmb lj pbe}e mbcrcmperi}pim}$ }evcrcpedy$ lk urock èzedlvhekp ikìmcplr}$ pbrluab pbe

vrezilu} byvlpbepimcd pbelrepimcd c}}uhvpilk}+ Pbek }pu`yika pbe vrlocoidipie} lj mlhoikcpilk} chlka pbeh+


Jia+ "9( =)7 Hec}urika c}}uhvpilk} ck`

}mekcril}+ ++

C}}uhv+

"3)

Keacpize cjjempe` crec

cvvrlcmb

Kl+ Lj crec} vcrcdded pl pbe qcdd

C}}uhv+

"?)


vervekìmudcr pl qcdd

Kl+ lj re}primpe` vcpb} vervekìmudcr pl qcdd

"mlkkempizipy$ verhecoidipy$cmme}}ioidipy)

C}}uhv+

"=)


vcrcdded pl qcdd

cvvrlcmb

Kl+ lj cjjempe` vcpb} vcrcdded pl pbe qcdd

"zi}ucd ihvcmp$ }emuripy ck` }cjepy$ emlklhim

ejjimiekmy lj c`gcmekp vuodim lvek }vcme})

C}}uhv+

"0)

Dezed lj cppcikika }edj

}ujjimiekmy jlr vuodim

urock crec

Kl+ Lj dejp mlkpikulu} klp cjjempe` vuodim crec

ck` ip} èk}ipy c} jcmplr lj vlvudcpilk

C}}uhv+

"5)

Pbe evl}ure jcmplr

cvvrlcmb

Kl+ lj }eahekp} oepqeek Acpe` Mlhhukipy

ck` pbe c`gcmekp lvek mlhhukipy

C}}uhv+

":)

Pbe evl}ure


ghonimi et al. understanding and formulating the impact of gated communities inside greater cairo...

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