gerunds & infinitives · 2018-09-10 · updated schedule •11/23: gerunds & infinitives,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Gerunds & InfinitivesWeek 14, Mon 11/23/15
Todd Windisch, Fall 2015
![Page 2: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Announcements
• Computer lab on Wednesday:• Building 26B, Room 1555
![Page 3: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Updated Schedule
• 11/23 : Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz
• 11/25 : Final drafts of Writing Packet #4
• 11/30 : Review for final grammar, gerunds and infinitives quiz
• 12/2 : Writing Conferences• Extra credit for Writing Packet #3 due
• 12/7 : FINAL EXAM• Extra credit for Reading Response #2 & Writing Packet #4 due
![Page 4: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Today’s Agenda
• Direct/indirect speech practice
• Quiz
• Gerunds and infinitives
![Page 5: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Indirect/Reported Speech (p. 261)
• Direct speech: Todd said, “I love this part of the movie!”
• Indirect speech, no quotation marks:• Todd said (that) he loved that part of the movie.
• Need a reporting verb (previous slide)
• Usually use a noun clause or phrase to report indirect speech. • Noun clause: (that) he loved that part of the movie.
• Noun clause = dependent clause that replaces a noun in a sentence (subject, object, or complement)
![Page 6: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Spoken/Casual English
• In spoken English, we sometimes do not change verbs in a noun clause, especially if what we are reporting happened a short time ago• Yesterday, Amy said, “Jack didn’t come to work.”
• Yesterday, Amy said Jack didn’t come to work.• This is correct when speaking.
• Yesterday, Amy said Jack hadn’t come to work.• This is also correct and more common in writing.
![Page 7: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Reporting Verb in Present/Future
• If the reporting verb is in the simple present, present progressive, present perfect, or future, the verb in the noun clause does not change.• Betty says, “I’m going to buy a new car.”
• Betty says that she’s going to buy a new car.
• Betty says that she was going to buy a new car.
![Page 8: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
REVIEW
• Indirect Speech Review: What changes?
DIRECT INDIRECT
Simple Present
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Can
Will
May
Could
Should
![Page 9: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
REVIEW
• Indirect Speech Review: What changes?
DIRECT INDIRECT
Simple Present Simple Past
Simple Past Past Perfect
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Past Perfect Past Perfect
Can Could
Will Would
May Might
Could Could
Should Should
![Page 10: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
REVIEW
• Indirect Speech Review: What changes?
DIRECT INDIRECT
This
These
Here
Now
Ago
Yesterday
Tomorrow
We
I
![Page 11: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
REVIEW
• Indirect Speech Review: What changes?
DIRECT INDIRECT
This That
These Those
Here There
Now Then
Ago Before/Previously
Yesterday The day before/The previous day
Tomorrow The next day/The day after
We They
I He/She
![Page 12: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
COMICS
Where areyou going?
It’s a secret, butI want you to tellme what you thinkof my outfit.
I’m leaving. Don’t I look pretty?
You look like my grandma.
I’m supposed tolook like ChristinaAguilera!
![Page 13: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What Is a Gerund? (p. 301)
• A gerund is the –ing form of a verb used as a noun
• Is this a gerund?• I am swimming in the competition tomorrow.
• NO! This is a present participle
• Swimming is my favorite hobby.
• YES! This –ing verb is used as the subject of the sentence; it’s a gerund
• Gerunds can be the subject or object of a sentence
![Page 15: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Position of Gerunds in a Sentence
• Subject• Planning for the future is very important in order to be independent.
• Object• John loves calling people and hanging up right away.
• Object of a Preposition (p. 302)• When you want to place a verb after a preposition, it’s always a gerund
• I need to apologize for arriving so late to the party last weekend.
![Page 16: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Preposition “to”
• Be careful because “to” is a preposition, but it is also the beginning of an infinitive, which is a different verb form from gerunds.• I used to play baseball when I was young.
• Infinitive form
• I am used to sleeping with the window open.• Preposition + gerund
• I look forward to seeing the movie next weekend.• Preposition + gerund
• Exercise 8, p. 305• Use the chart on p. 302 to help you!
![Page 17: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds (p. 307)
• Some verbs can only be followed by a gerund, not an infinitive• Enjoy• Quit• Finish• Avoid• Suggest• Stop
• Stop is followed by an infinitive when you are showing purpose• He stopped (in order) to get gas.
• Etc.
• “Go” (p. 309)• We follow “go” with a gerund to express many activities• What are some examples?
![Page 18: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
What’s an Infinitive? (p. 313)
• An infinitive is to + verb (base form)• When negative: not + to + verb (base form)
• There are two common patterns of verbs with infinitives:1. verb + infinitive
• I asked to go to the restroom.
• I want to help you with your homework.
2. verb + object + infinitive• The teacher doesn’t allow us to make-up quizzes if we are absent.
• I encouraged my brother to apply to college.
![Page 19: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Patterns (CONT’D)
• Some verbs can follow both patterns:• I want to help with your homework.
• I want you to help me with my homework.
• Be careful because often the meaning changes!
![Page 20: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Words that Work with Both! (p. 317)
• Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a gerund!
• Sometimes the meaning doesn’t change:• I love to go shopping. / I love going shopping.
• I prefer to watch TV rather than watch movies. / I prefer watching TV to watching movies.
• Sometimes the meaning changes:• I tried to be her friend, but she never called me. (make an effort)
• I tried giving her space, but that didn’t work. (experiment with new approach)
• Exercise 30, p. 318
![Page 21: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Causative Verbs & Base Form (p. 344)
• Causative verbs express the idea that “X causes Y”• My mom made me clean my room.
• X makes Y do something.
• Three main causative verbs: make, have, get• Make & have are followed by base form
• Sad movies make me cry.
• I had the plumber repair the sink.
• Get is followed by an infinitive• John got Mary to go to the movies with him by buying her flowers.
![Page 22: Gerunds & Infinitives · 2018-09-10 · Updated Schedule •11/23: Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz •11/25: Final drafts of Writing Packet #4 •11/30: Review for final](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022043001/5f7bd1008c821b3d1f2c6c5c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
HOMEWORK
• When I assign homework from English Grammar, there is a specific way I would like you to do your homework:• Complete the homework on a separate sheet of paper (not in your book)
• Correct your own homework using the answer key in the back of the book
• Try to understand why you got the answer wrong; if you cannot find out why, make a note and ask me during class
• Tonight’s homework:• Chapter 14: Exercise 5, 28, 35, & 46