germination of seed.pptx

8/17/2019 germination of seed.pptx

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Germination of Seeds


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ys ca c an!es n see n!sdurin! Germination

Germination is the process in which

the embryo!rows into a seedlin!.

"rocess of !ermination.1. The seed absorbs water and air throug

the seed hole, as the embryo needsthem to sur#i#e.

2. The seed swell and causes the testa tosplit.


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3. The radicle !rows downwards into the soil to

form the root The plumule !rows upwards to form a newshoot.4. The seedling continues to absorb food from the

food store until it forms !reen lea#es toproduce its own food by photosynthesis.

5. The cotyledons shrin$ and become smaller as the food they store is used for germination.

In the end, the cotyledons will fall o.


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• 2 types of germinations

a !pigeal "ermination# the cotyledons

are carried abo$e the le$el of thesoil. !g# sword bean seed, castor oilseed.

b %ypogeal "ermination # thecotyledons remain in the soil. !g#mai&e, four'angled bean seed.


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(onditions for seed "ermination

a )ater# to acti$ate the en&ymes to

brea* down the starch in cotyledon. This is to produce maltose forembryo

b +ygen #for cell respiration toproduce energy

c )armth# suitable temperature for

seeds to germinate-3oc '35oc


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/!"!T0TI/! !+(TI+

%e!etati#e reproduction is amethod of

producing new plants using any partof the parent plant, other than the&ower.

arts of the plants that can reproduce$egetati$ely are the root' stem andleaf.


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4.12 /!"!T0TI/! !+(TI+ I 67+)!I"70T8

%e!etati#eparts

Eamples of plants

7ea$es

9ryophyllum 9egonia

:other in law;s tongue


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4.12 /!"!T0TI/! !+(TI+ I 67+)!I"70T8

%e!etati#e

parts

Eamples of plants

oots

(arrot

%e!etati#e"arts

Eamples f "lants

8tem1. 8tem cutting

8ugar (ane Topioca


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4.12 /!"!T0TI/! !+(TI+ I 67+)!I"70T8

/egetati$e

%e!etati#e parts Eamples of plants8tems 2.%ori&ontal stem -runners

8tems

3.9ulb

8pider 7ily

)ater lettuce

+nion

8weet potato


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%e!etati#e parts Eamples of plants

8tems

4. derground8tema hi&omes

(anna 7ily

b Tubers

"inger

otato


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4.12 /!"!T0TI/! !+(TI+ I 67+)!I"70T8

%e!etati#eparts

Eamples of plants

c (orms


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0d$antages +f /egetati$e eproduction

a The new plants grow much faster

b the good characteristics of the parent

plant passed on to the new plantsc oes not re=uires pollination agent

d oes not need fertili&ation as no

gametes are used


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isad$antages of /egetati$eeproduction

a The new plants are one type only

b !$en the bad =ualities of the parentplant are passed on to the newplants

c There is competition of nutrients,space and sunlight between newplants and the parent plants


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0pplication of research on $egetati$e reproduction in agriculture #

1.Tissue culture#

• culti$ation of plant tissues in nutrientmedium in the laboratory to producenew plants.

• most plants cell ha$e the ability togenerate new plants

2.8tem cuttings


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*uestion1. The iagram shows an eperiment to

study the conditions needed forgermination of seeds. Test tubes >,?,7 and : contain green bean seeds in

dierent conditions.


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a)+hat will happen to the !reen

bean seeds in test tube , after oneday

b)fter / days' the seeds in test

tubes 0 and 1 do not not!erminate. Eplain why thishappens.

c) +hat should be done so that the!reen bean seeds in test tube 0will !erminate

d)State what will happen to the


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nswer

a They germinateb There is no water in the test tube >

and no air in test tube ?

c 0dd waterd adicle# becomes roots

lumule # 9ecomes the shoots

germination of seed.pptx

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