german research reactorsafter the accident of fukushima daiichi
TRANSCRIPT
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23.03.2012 Gabriele HampelTRIGA Mainz- TWGRR 2012 1
German Research Reactors after the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
German Research Reactors
after the Accident of Fukushima Daiichi
Gabriele Hampel
Universitt Mainz -Institut fr Kernchemie
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23.03.2012 Gabriele HampelTRIGA Mainz- 2012 3
German Research Reactors after the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
shut down since
March 2011
shut down year2017 (B) /2021 (C)
2015
2019
2021
2022
2021
2022
2022
17 NPP
Shut down of 7 eldest NNPand NPP Krmmel
Shut down of the other 9
NNP between 2015 and2022
July 2011: Novelation of the Atomic LawGermany
Nuclear power plant
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23.03.2012 Gabriele HampelTRIGA Mainz 2012 4
German Research Reactors after the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
Aroused debate about the risks of the peaceful use of nuclear energy and the
safety of nuclear power plants
Inspection of all German power reactors ordered by the German government
Development of a questionnaire
by the reactor safety commission (RSK)
for safety inspections of the German power reactors
published in April 2011.
June 2011, decision of the Federal Council of Germany
Stress test will be extended to all nuclear facilities including
research reactors with a thermal power higher than 50 kW.
Germany
Aim:
Could radioactivity be released on
a large scale ?
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23.03.2012 Gabriele HampelTRIGA Mainz- 2012 5
German Research Reactors after the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
Basic criteria of nuclear safety technology
Definition of the vitality of the facility:
reactivity decay heat
release of radioactivity and
safety limit of 50 mSv for nuclear accidents
Stress tests
Check of the vital functionsof the research reactor
Is the research reactor robust enough andcomplies with requirements after an accident
also for a combination of the events ?
Content of the stress test
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23.03.2012 Gabriele HampelTRIGA Mainz- 2012 6
German Research Reactors after the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
Questionnaire includes:
natural events as earthquakes, flooding, extreme weather situations
and combined events
civilian events, such as airplane crash, including the burning of
kerosene, leakages, release of gas and terrorist attacks (confidential)
other events, such as station blackout, loss of emergency power for
long periods, loss of cooling
discussion of actions in emergency cases in difficult situations
(possibilities of emergency aid when the infrastructure is destroyed)
Content of the stress test
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23.03.2012 Gabriele HampelTRIGA Mainz- 2012 8
German Research Reactors after the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
Location of different
Research Reactors
in Germany1 = FRG-1 Helmholtz Centre
Geesthacht
2 = BER-II Helmholtz Centre Berlin
3 = RFR Rossendorf
4 = FRMZ Johannes Gutenberg-
University Mainz5 = FRJ-2 Research Centre Jlich
6 = FRM-II Garching/Technical
University Munich
1
3
2
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5
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23.03.2012 Gabriele HampelTRIGA Mainz- 2012 9
German Research Reactors after the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
Stress test for the 3 German research reactors
Different stress tests for each of these three reactor types
FRM II (20 MW; external experts envolved, report 600 pages)
BERII (10 MW; external experts envolved, published)
TRIGA Mainz (100 kW; external experts not envolved)
October 2011: Answers to the questionnaire to the respective
authorities
Documents forwarded to the RSK
March/ April 2012: Response of the RSK
Germany
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23.03.2012 Gabriele HampelTRIGA Mainz- 2012 10
German Research Reactors after the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
Stress test
Reduced questionnaire of 10 pages developed by the RSK
Including the same 4 subjects (natural events, civilianevents, other events,
actions in emergency cases) in a short form
Advantages of the RR of type TRIGA
Inherent safe RR
Low power (100 kW)
No active cooling after operation
necessary
maximum fuel temperature of 300C
Disadvantage: build in the early 1960th
TRIGA Mainz, Germany
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23.03.2012 Gabriele HampelTRIGA Mainz 2012 11
German Research Reactors after the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
Worst case scenario: crash of a large airplane.
Assumtion:
Total damage of the building and the reactor tank
and all fuel elements destroyed
Support of the TRIGA Vienna
Diploma thesis at the Atominstitut in 2009
Accident Scenarios with Environmental Impact of
the TRIGA Mark II Reactor Vienna
Influence of a kerosene fire: Estimation of effect on
the properties of the Zirconium-Hydrogen matrix of
the TRIGA fuel
TRIGA Mainz, Germany
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23.03.2012 Gabriele HampelTRIGA Mainz- RRFM, Prague 2012 12
German Research Reactors after the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
Information to the public
by the scientific personnel of the TRIGA Mainz to all public media and participation
in public debates during the accident
What is the reason for the different reactions regarding the politics, science and
society in the European countries?
How can the communication between public media and scientific personnel be
improved?
TRIGA Mainz, Germany
Symposium at the 8th 9th of March 2012
Radiation Protection one year after Fukushima
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23.03.2012 Gabriele HampelTRIGA Mainz- 2012 13
German Research Reactors after the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
Should research reactors in the stages of dismantling and/or in temporary
storages take part in the stress test?
Until now, no final decision by the German government.
Advantage: fuel is removed for most research reactors in dismantling
Disadvantage: Annullation of no-fly-zones for airplanes
Examination of the crash of an airplane in a stress test
Research reactors in dismantling and/or temporary storage, Germany
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23.03.2012 Gabriele HampelTRIGA Mainz- 2012 14
German Research Reactors after the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
Another aspect after the accident
Discussions on the utilisation of research reactors, their acceptance in the
society, and the support of research projects in competition to accelerator
facilities
Importance of education, training and research in nuclear safety
A differentiated consideration between power and research reactors
Expertise and knowledge of the scientif personnel of research reactors
For the furuture of research reactors
Neutrons from research reactors can provide an excellent service to the society