german measles and rabies by group 3

8/3/2019 German Measles and Rabies by Group 3

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GermanMeasles

andRabies

BSN 3-2 GROUP 3


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German

Measles(Rubella)


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Description

Also known asrubella or 3-day

measles Is an infection that

primarily affects theskin and lymphnodes


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Mode of transmission

Usually transmitted by droplets

from the nose or throat that

others breathe in. It can also pass

through a pregnant woman's

bloodstream to infect her unbornchild


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Incubation

The incubation period for rubella is

14-23 days,with an average

incubation period of 16-18 days.This means that it can take 2-3

weeks for a child to get rubella after

they are exposed tosomeone withthe disease.


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Cause/ Etiologic Agent

Rubella virus


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Signs and Symptoms

One to two days


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mild fever (99-100

F/37.2-37.8 C)


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swollen, tender lymphnodes, usually in the back

of the neck or behind theears


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A rash then begins

on the face andspreads downward.

As it spreads, it

usually clearson theface. This rash is

often the first sign

of illness that aparent notices.


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The rubella rash can look like

many other viral rashes. Itappears as either pink or light red

spots,which may merge to form

evenly colored patches. The rash

can itch and lasts up to 3 days. As

the rash clears, the affected skinoccasionally sheds in very fine

flakes.


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Other symptomsof rubella

These are more common in teens and adults:

Headache

lossof appetite

Mild conjunctivitis

stuffy or runny nose

swollen lymph nodes in other partsof thebody


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Rubella in a pregnant woman

can cause congenital rubella syndrome,with

potentially devastating consequences for the

developing fetus. Children who are infected

with rubella before birth are at risk for growth

retardation; mental retardation;

malformationsof the heart and eyes;

deafness; and liver,spleen, and bone marrowproblems.


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Duration

The rubella rash usually lasts 3 days

Lymph nodes may remain swollen for a week

or more joint pain can last for more than 2 weeks.

Children who have rubella usually recover

within 1 week, but adults may take longer.


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Diagnostic test

Appearance of the rash

plus a positive cultureof pharyngeal

secretions


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Treatment

Rubella cannot be treated with

antibiotics because they do

not work against viral

infections. Unless there are

complications, rubella willresolve on itsown.


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Any pregnant woman

who has been exposedto rubella should contact

her obstetricianimmediately.


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Rubella is typically mild in kids,whooften can be cared for at

home. Monitor your child'stemperature and call the

doctor if the fever climbs toohigh.


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To relieve minor discomfort, you can

give your child acetaminophen or

ibuprofen. Do not give aspirin to a

child with a viral illness because suchuse has been associated with the

development of Reyessyndrome,

which can lead toliver failure anddeath.


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Nursing Diagnosis

Ineffective Thermoregulation

Activity Intolerance

Impaired Skin Integrity

Alteration in comfort: PAIN

Altered Nutrition:Less than body

requirements


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Description

is a zoonotic disease (a disease that

is transmitted to humans from

animals

The disease infects domestic and

wild animals, and isspread to people

through close contact with infected

saliva via bitesor scratches.


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STATISTICS

Rabiesoccurs in more than 150 countriesand territories.

Worldwide, more than 55 000 people die of

rabies every year. 40% of people who are bitten by suspect

rabid animals are children under 15 yearsofage.

In the Philippines an approximately 300 to600 Filipinos die of rabies every year. Thecountry hasone of the highest prevalenceratesof rabies in the whole world.


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Two typesof Rabies

Urban or Canine

Sylvatic


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Cause/Etiologic agent

rhabdovirus


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Dogs are the source of 99% of human rabies

deaths.

Wound cleansing and immunization within a

few hours after contact with a suspect rabid

animal can prevent the onset of rabies anddeath.

Every year, more than 15 million people

worldwide receive a post-exposure preventiveregimen to avert the disease this is

estimated to prevent 327 000 rabies deaths

annually.


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Mode ofTransmission

Usually by bitesof a Rabid animal

Virus may be introduced to fresh skin breaks

and scratch (very rare) Transmission from to man to man is possible.

Airborne spread in cave with millionsof bats

haveo

ccurred,

altho

ugh rarely.

Organ transplant (corneal)


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Incubation

Usually 2-8 weeks.

It can be aslong as a year or several

years depending on the severity ofthe wounds,site of the wound as

distance from the brain, amount of

virus introduced and protection

provided by clothing


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Period of Communicability

In dogs and cats, for 3-10

days before onset ofclinicalsigns (rarely over 3

days) and throughout theduration of the disease.


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Susceptibility and Resistance

Allwarm-blooded

mammals are susceptible.Natural immunity in man is

unknown.


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Signs and Symptoms

Sense ofApprehension


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Headache


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Fever


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Sensory change near the site


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Spasmsof musclesor

deglutition on attempts toswallow

(Hydrophobia)


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Paralysis


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Delirium and Convulsions


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Remember

Without medical

intervention, the rabiesvictim would only last for

2-6 days. DEAT

H isoftendue to respiratory paralysis


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Management/Prevention

The wound must be immediately

and thoroughly with soap and

water. Antisepticssuch aspovidone iodine or alcohol may

be applied. The patients may be given

antibiotics and anti tetanus


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Active Immunization

Passive Immunization

Consult a veterinarian or trained personnel toobserve your pet for 14 days for signsof rabies

Be a responsible pet owner

Consult for rabies diagnosis and surveillancearea

Mobilize for community participation


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National Rabies Prevention and

Control Program

GOAL: human rabies must be eliminated in

the Philippines and the country is declared

rabies-free

The program is implemented by the

Department ofAgriculture (Bureau ofAnimal

Industry), Department ofHealth, Department

of Education, Culture and Sports, DepartmentofInterior and local government and Non-

Government Organizations


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Strategies

Manpower development

Social Mobilization

Local Program

ImplementationDog Immunization


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Nursing Diagnosis

Risk for Infection

Alteration in Comfort: PAIN

Ineffective Thermoregulation:Hyperthermia Activity Intolerance

Risk for Injury

Impaired Physical Mobility Altered Nutrition:Less than body

requirements

german measles and rabies by group 3

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