german air force headquarters mission specific data links
TRANSCRIPT
1 Nov 2017
German Air Force Headquarters
Mission Specific Data Links
1
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
IDLS 2017 – Abu Dhabi (UAE)
Branch Chief TDL/ID/SIM
LtCol Volker „Chaff“ Schaaf
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
Overview
JTAC
DCAOC
MIDS/Link16
CRC SIA
SEWOC
Orbit (CAP)
JOINT FIRE SUPPORT TEAM +
CESMO
TIP
MESSAGE /
TUNE REPLY
MESSAGE
CESMO
TUNE
MESSAGE
J-REAP
J 3.7 „EW Product Information“
J 14.0 „EW Parametric Info“
(J 3.5 „Land (Ground) Point/Track“)
J 3.7
J 14.0
(J3.5)
VMF
(BLOS)
K 2.27 „CAS
Request“
VMF
(BLOS)
K 2.32 „CAS
Request
Acceptance“
J 3.7
J 14.0
(J3.5)
4.
J 12.0
„Mission
Assignment“
TAC SAT
J 3.7
J 14.0
(J3.5)
VMF/Link 16 Gateway
(ASOC Gateway)
CESMO/Link 16 Gateway
CESMO
TUNE
MESSAGE
CESMO
TIP
MESSAGE /
TUNE REPLY
MESSAGE
J-REAP
J 14.2 „EW Control Coordination“
ASOC (AOCC)CESMO
CP
IP
VMF (LOS)
K 02.34 „Aircraft On-
Station Report“
VMF (LOS)
K02.35 „Aircraft
Depart Initial Point“
VMF (LOS)
K 02.33 „CAS Aircrew
Briefing“
J 12.0
DEU UNIT
TARGETRequest for
Fire Support
2
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
Does it work already?
Operational benefits by“combining”
mission specific data links.
3
1 Nov 2017
Link 16
4
DaCAS - VMF & IDM
CESMO
Airborne Prototype
„Data Links“
Agenda
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
Ex TIMBER EXPRESS
Challenges
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
• Tactical Data Link
• TDMA-based
• Secure and jam resistant
• Line-of-sight
• BLOS via JREAP or SIMPLE
• J-series messages
5
Link 16 - Definition
TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access BLOS: Beyond Line-Of-Sight JREAP: Joint Range Extension Application Protocol
SIMPLE: Standard Interface for Multiple-Link Evaluation
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
• Precise Participant Location and Identification
• Surveillance
• Command
➢ Mission Management
➢ Weapons Coordination
• (Aircraft) Control
• Electronic Warfare & Coordination
6
Link 16 – Functional Areas
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
Digitally-aided Close Air Support
• Close Air Support
➢ Air action by fixed or rotary-winged aircraft against hostile targets, that are in close proximity to friendly forces, and which requires detailed integration of each air mission with fire and movement of these forces.
➢ Requires excellent coordination with ground forces-
• Digital data exchange between the Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) and aircraft without dataflow disruption via:
➢ Crypted V/UHF radio data communication
➢ Variable Message Format (VMF)
7
DaCAS - Definition
CAS: Close Air Support DaCAS: Digitally-aided Close Air Support JTAC: Joint Terminal Attack Controller VMF: Variable Message Format
V/UHF: Very/Ultra High Frequency
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
8
VMF - Definition
Variable Message Format
• Tactical Data Link?
• K-series messages
➢ Message body: MIL-STD-6017 (in the future?: STANAG 5519 – ATDLP 5.19)
• Application header
➢ MIL-STD-2045-47001
• Part of the J-series messages
• Message format is fixed
➢ Fixed message data fields
• Message size is variable
➢ Only data fields containing data will be transmittedSTANAG: Standardization Agreement ATDLP: Allied Tactical Data Link Publication MIL-STD: Military Standard
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
9
VMF - FADs
Functional Area Designators
• FAD 00 Network Control
• FAD 01 General Information Exchange
• FAD 02 Fire Support
• FAD 03 Air Operations
• FAD 04 Intelligence Operations / Imagery
• FAD 05 Land Combat Operations
• FAD 06 Maritime Operations
• FAD 07 Combat Service Support
• FAD 08 Special Operations
• FAD 09 Joint Task Force (JTF) Operations Control
• FAD 10 Air Defence / Airspace ControlVMF: Variable Message Format FAD: Functional Area Designators
JTF: Joint Task Force
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
10
VMF – Use Case
Functional Area Designators
• FAD 00 Network Control
• FAD 01 General Information Exchange
• FAD 02 Fire Support
• FAD 03 Air Operations
• FAD 04 Intelligence Operations / Imagery
• FAD 05 Land Combat Operations
• FAD 06 Maritime Operations
• FAD 07 Combat Service Support
• FAD 08 Special Operations
• FAD 09 Joint Task Force (JTF) Operations Control
• FAD 10 Air Defence / Airspace ControlDaCAS: Digitally-aided Close Air Support VMF: Variable Message Format
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
11
IDM - Definition
Improved Data Modem
• Interface to existing voice radios.
• Transmit and receive digital data
➢ MIL-STD-188-220
IDM: Improved Data Modem MIL-STD: Military Standard
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
Co-operative Electronic Support Measures Operation
• Rapid sharing, fusion and dissemination of
information derived from
➢ Traditional & non traditional Electronic Support Measures (ESM)
➢ Traditional & non-traditional Signals Intelligence (SIGINT)
to improve the survivability of coalition forces and to improve the exploitation of the electromagnetic spectrum by coalition forces.
• Bi-directional ad-hoc multicast sensor radio network.
12
CESMO - Definition
ESM: Electronic Support Measures SIGINT: Signals Intelligence CESMO: Co-operative Electronic Support Measures Operation
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
Concept
• to collaborate tactically in joint and combined
activities to share Electronic Support Measures (ESM)
derived information in a timely manner.
➢ STANAG (Standardization Agreement) 4658
➢ AEDP-13 (Allied Engineering Documentation Publication)
13
CESMO - Concept
ESM: Electronic Support Measures STANAG: Standardization Agreement AEDP: Allied Engineering Documentation Publication
CESMO: Co-operative Electronic Support Measures Operation
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
• Link 16: Full Implementation Air / Ground / Sea
• VMF: IAW US JS Co-ordinated Implementation
➢ A/C/C and B/Dch1/Dch1 (Auto stack detection)
➢ Implementing ECPs
• CESMO: RWR & ELS
14
Airborne Prototype – DEU Tornado
VMF: Variable Message Format US JS: USA Joint Staff RWR: Radar Warning Receiver ELS: Emitter Location System
CESMO: Co-operative Electronic Support Measures Operation
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
16
Interface Computer Unit (ICU) KY-58 HQ-IIMIL-BUS
1553 Interface
Integration Prototype
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
17
Hardware
Application
Message Protocol
Standard
(CESMO)AEDP-13
MIL-Std 188-220 C+D1
(VMF)MIL-STD 2045-47001 C+D1MIL-STD 6017 A/B/C
IEEE 802.11n
SkypeProprietary
WhatsAppProprietary
Integration Prototype
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
18
SIA
SEWOC
CESMO
IDM / Crypto / UHF Radio or
LAN/WAN
• CESMO Messages
MIDS/Link16
CRC
MIDS Low Volume Terminal
(LVT)
• J-Messages
DCAOC
SEWOC
LAN / WAN (J-REAP)
• J-Messages
LAN / WAN (J-REAP)
• J-Messages
Data Links – Mission Specific?
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
19
“Combining” !?
JTAC
DCAOC
MIDS/Link16
CRC SIA
SEWOC
Orbit (CAP)
JOINT FIRE SUPPORT TEAM +
CESMO
TIP
MESSAGE /
TUNE REPLY
MESSAGE
CESMO
TUNE
MESSAGE
J-REAP
J 3.7 „EW Product Information“
J 14.0 „EW Parametric Info“
(J 3.5 „Land (Ground) Point/Track“)
J 3.7
J 14.0
(J3.5)
VMF
(BLOS)
K 2.27 „CAS
Request“
VMF
(BLOS)
K 2.32 „CAS
Request
Acceptance“
J 3.7
J 14.0
(J3.5)
4.
J 12.0
„Mission
Assignment“
TAC SAT
J 3.7
J 14.0
(J3.5)
CESMO
TUNE
MESSAGE
CESMO
TIP
MESSAGE /
TUNE REPLY
MESSAGE
J-REAP
J 14.2 „EW Control Coordination“
ASOC (AOCC)CESMO
CP
IP
VMF (LOS)
K 02.34 „Aircraft On-
Station Report“
VMF (LOS)
K02.35 „Aircraft
Depart Initial Point“
VMF (LOS)
K 02.33 „CAS Aircrew
Briefing“
J 12.0
DEU UNIT
TARGETRequest for
Fire Support
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
20
“Combining” – Where the Magic happens!
JTAC
DCAOC
MIDS/Link16
CRC SIA
SEWOC
Orbit (CAP)
JOINT FIRE SUPPORT TEAM +
CESMO
TIP
MESSAGE /
TUNE REPLY
MESSAGE
CESMO
TUNE
MESSAGE
J-REAP
J 3.7 „EW Product Information“
J 14.0 „EW Parametric Info“
(J 3.5 „Land (Ground) Point/Track“)
J 3.7
J 14.0
(J3.5)
VMF
(BLOS)
K 2.27 „CAS
Request“
VMF
(BLOS)
K 2.32 „CAS
Request
Acceptance“
J 3.7
J 14.0
(J3.5)
4.
J 12.0
„Mission
Assignment“
TAC SAT
J 3.7
J 14.0
(J3.5)
CESMO
TUNE
MESSAGE
CESMO
TIP
MESSAGE /
TUNE REPLY
MESSAGE
J-REAP
J 14.2 „EW Control Coordination“
ASOC (AOCC)CESMO
CP
IP
VMF (LOS)
K 02.34 „Aircraft On-
Station Report“
VMF (LOS)
K02.35 „Aircraft
Depart Initial Point“
VMF (LOS)
K 02.33 „CAS Aircrew
Briefing“
J 12.0
DEU UNIT
TARGETRequest for
Fire SupportL16/VMF-Gateway
L16/CESMO-Gateway
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
21
Ex TIMBER EXPRESS
Officer Scheduling the Exercise
German Air Force Headquarters
Officer Conducting the Exercise
German Air Operation Command
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
22
What is TE?
• „Link 16 Live Training Exercise“
• Bi-national: DEU - USA
• L16 core IDM-based comms
• Goal: Promote L16
• Challenge: Advance L16 interoperability
➢ Within L16
➢ Other DLs
➢ Analysis
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UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
23
Expectation!
• Maintain L16 ex network
• Networks for testing
• QRA(I) support
• Learning experience for SMEs
• Training completion
• Educate senior leadership
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UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
24
Experimental Part
• Integration of VMF & CESMO
• Fusion of different domains
• „Forwarding“ VMF / CESMO L16
• S/A augmentation
• Challenging the planners
• JREAP-C via „dirty“ internet
• Remote control of L16-terminals
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
25
What happened in reality?
• Training
✓ Demanding data link environment
✓ QRA(I) & live flying support
✓ Additional experimental network
• Experimental Part
✓ Automated translation VMF CESMO
✓ Automatic transmission CESMO L16
• Hanscom
✓ TX of „tactical picture“
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
26
Benefits / Assessment?
• Training
✓ Training goals were achieved
✓ Indication of conspicuous behaviour
✓ Analysis is effective for further details
• Experimental Part
✓ „Common Situation Picture“
✓ Enormous information density
• Hanscom
✓ Internet „Network Enabled Operations“
✓ Civil data infra-structure: pros and cons
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
27
TE Lessons
• What did we see?
• What have we learned?
• What will we change?
• What will we ignore?
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UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
28
What did we see?
• Large scale live tactical data link
exercises are an outstanding training
opportunity.
• CESMO may have a long and
interesting future.
• Using open means of communication
should be evaluated more thoroughly.
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
29
What have we learned?
• There is always more to learn about Link 16.
• A rigid test plan may not be helpful.
• “Things do not start to fall apart until you
start connecting things!”.
• “If you wait until the last minute, it only
takes a minute!”.
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
30
What will we change?
• A planning time frame of two months may be a
bit too short.
• A week of setup is not enough.
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
32
What’s next in 2018?
• Carry out another one!
• Remaining 2017 goals!
• Involvement of Link 22!
1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO
33
Challenges
• Need for a standard L16/VMF?
• Need for a standard L16/CESMO?
• Need for a standard VMF/CESMO?
• 9-liner as a J-message?
• Planning & coordination done by one authority?
• OPTASK Link? Frequencies?
• New series of messages?
• …
1 Nov 201735
Thank you for your attention!
Volker Schaaf German Air Force Headquarters
Lieutenant Colonel Branch 2 III b – TDL / ID / M&S / OR
Branch Chief [email protected]
[email protected] General-Steinhoff-Kaserne
Phone: +49(0)30–3687–3281 Kladower Damm 182
D-14089 Berlin (Germany)