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Geriatric Case Conference Bow&Tum 22/6/55 Presentatio n…

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Presentation… . Geriatric Case Conferenc e. Bow&Tum 22/6/55. Patient profile. ผู้ป่วยหญิงไทยโสด อายุ 60 ปี อาชีพ รับราชการครู ปัจจุบันเกษียณแล้ว (สอนสังคมศาสตร์ ม.ต้น รร.ปทุมคงคา ) การศึกษา ปริญญาตรี ภูมิลำเนา จ.นนทบุรี ศาสนา พุทธ สิทธิการรักษา ข้าราชการ. Chief complaint. หลงลืม 5 ปี. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Geriatric Case

ConferenceBow&Tum22/6/55

Presentation…

Page 2: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Patient profileO ผปวยหญงไทยโสด อาย 60 ปO อาชพ รบราชการคร ปจจบนเกษยณแลว

( สอนสงคมศาสตร ม. ตน รร.ปทมคงคา)O การศกษา ปรญญาตรO ภมลำาเนา จ.นนทบรO ศาสนา พทธO สทธการรกษา ขาราชการ

Page 3: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Chief complaint หลงลม 5 ป

Page 4: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Present illness5 ปกอน เรมมอาการหลงลม

เรองทเพงทำาไป อารมณฉนเฉยว โกรธงาย หวาดระแวง มปญหาในการ

ทำางานทโรงเรยน อาศยอยคอนโดคน เดยว

Page 5: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Present illness ป 2550 ผปกครองมาแจงทางโรงเรยนวา

อ. อมใหการบานนกเรยนวาดแผนททกวนซำ5าๆ เรมม ปญหาเรองการสอนทโรงเรยน จดแผนการสอนผด

เขยนใบเสรจไมถกตอง ทางโรงเรยนจงพจารณายายจากอาจารยสอนวชาสงคมมาเปนอาจารยฝาย

แนะแนว เรมมพฤตกรรมกาวราว ดาวาเพอนครใน

โรงเรยน เพอนครจงแนะนำาใหเกษยณกอนกำาหนด และแจงใหญาตทราบ เนองจากผปวยอาศยอยคน

เดยวทคอนโดมาตลอด ญาตไปพบทคอนโดวาปลอย ใหรกรงรง เดนแกผาในหอง ร5อเส5อผา ลมรบประทาน

อาหาร

Page 6: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

ญาตพาผปวยเขารบการรกษาทรพ. พระมงกฎฯ ไดรบยาและตดตามอาการ แตยงมอาการสบสน

เหนภาพหลอน เชน พดคนเดยวกบกระจก พด ไมเปนคำา เรยงประโยคผด อารมณเสยงาย

ชอบดาวาญาตและพดเหตการณเกาๆ ญาตเปน กงวลมากและคดวาผปวยแกลง และคดวาผ

ปวยเปนโรคทางจต ตอมาอาการสบสนเพมมาก ข5น ญาตจงพามารกษาทรพ.รามาธบด

Present illness

Page 7: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

GenogramCA Colon 72 ป

1st 2nd ADDx 40+ yrs

คณหลาน62 ป

คณเป ยก

คณธารณ60 ป

คณดารรตน58 ป

คณโดง CA liver56 ป

คณตง CA liver47 ป

ต41 ป

ตรอง21 ป

ตก20 ป

โอม25 ป

ไอซ21 ป

ดว23 ป

แอน20 ป

แตม17 ป

Page 8: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Timeline• บรรจราชการครทสงขลา2517-

2519• ยายกลบมาสอนทกรงเทพฯ2520• สามคณหลานไปมภรรยาใหม2517-

2531• สามคณหลานกลบมาคนด• ทะเลาะกบสามคณหลานจนตองยาย

ไปอยคอนโด2531

Page 9: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Timeline• ผอ.รร. เรยกญาตพบ อ.อมไมปรกต

ประมาณ 1 ป ไมสามารถสอน หนงสอได ทางรร.ใหยายจากกลม

สาระไปกลมกจการแทน

กพ.2551

• Early retirement• เรมเขยนหนงสอไมถก2551• ทำาของหายบอยๆ เชนเอกสาร เงน• กนยาไมถก• เรมใชคำารนแรงดาพนอง

จนตนาการความคดเอง

2552

Page 10: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Timeline• ใสเส5อผาไมถก เชนกลบตะเขบ ใสซอน

หลายตว• คยกบทว กระจก หแวว คดวาคนอนดา

หวเราะเยาะ• นอยใจวาตวเองถกทอดท5ง อจฉาพนอง

2553

• ยายไปอย Nursing Home, ญาตพาไปรกษาทรพ. พระมงกฎฯ คดวาเปนโรคจต

• ยายมารกษาทรพ.รามาธบด• เยยมบานคร5งท 1

2554

Page 11: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Problems list

Page 12: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Differential diagnosis

Page 13: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

O Interfere with work or usual activities

O Decline from prior level of functioning

New Dementia Criteria

Loss cognitive or neuropsychiatric

symptom

O Not explained by delirium or other psychiatric disorder

เสย ADLs R/O other cause

Page 14: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Loss cognitive or neuropsychiatric

symptom

Visuo-spatial

Executive

function

Language

Memory

Behavior

Impairment ≥ 2

Page 15: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Physical ExaminationGA : หญงไทยแตงตวด สะอาด ไมคอยแสดงสหนาBP 120/80 mmHg PR 70/minHEENT : not pale, anicteric sclera, normal tooth

& gum, no oral lesionLN : no cervical LN enlargementHeart : regular, normal s1,s2, no murmurLung : clear, equal both, no adventitious soundAbd: soft, no mass, not tender ,no

hepatosplenomegaly

Page 16: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Physicial ExaminationExt : No edema, no cogwheel rigidity, no

spastic, no resting tremorN/S : pupil 3 mm. RTLBE, full EOM, motor

power gr. V all, BBK – plantar flextion bothGait : normalSpeech : normal

Page 17: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Test/Date28/6/54 24/1/55 28/2/55

ครงท 1 ครงท 2 ครงท 3Orientation for time 0 0 0Orientation for place 1 2 3Registration 3 2 2Attention/Calculation 0 0 0Recall 0 0 0Naming 2 2 2Repetition 0 0 1Verbal command 1 1 0Writing command 0 1 1Wristing 0 0 0Visuo-contruction 0 0 0

คะแนนรวม 7 8 9

Page 18: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Test/Date28/6/54 24/4/55

คร5งท 1 คร5งท 2CDT 2/10 1/10

Test/Date28/6/54 24/4/55

คร5งท 1 คร5งท 2Cube incorrect Incorrect

Page 19: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Dementia?Severity?

Page 20: Geriatric Case Conferenc e
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Page 22: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Investigation

Page 23: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

InvestigationCBC

WBC 5200 N 60 L 31 M 6 E 2 B 1Hb 12.7 Hct 40.9 MCV 89 MCH 27.2RBC morpho normochromia

Cr 0.77TSH 1.646 (0.35-4.94)Vitamin B12 338.5 (243.0-894.0)VDRL NR

Page 24: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

MRI brainO Mild volume loss of hippocampi and parahippocampal gyri with

thining of entorhinal cortex, bilaterally which may be represent Alzheimer disease.

O The bilateral pars compacta of the substantia nigra of the midbrain are well identified.

O The rest of brain parenchyma shows normal signal intensity without space occupying lesion. Brainstem and the cerebellum are unremarkable. The calvarium and the skull base have normal marrow signal intensity. No midline shifting, hydrocephalus or extraaxial collection is detected.

ImpressionO Mild volume loss of hippocampi and parahippocampal gyri with

thining of entorhinal cortex, bilaterally which may be represent Alzheimer disease.

O Generalized mild cerebral volume loss.

Page 25: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

FDG PETO The study reveals severely decreased FDG activity in

bilateral parietotemporal cortices which is relative symmetric. There is also mildly to moderately decreased FDG activity in the frontal cortices, right slightly involved more than left. The tracer distribution in the rest of the scanned regions appears within normal limits. Limited low dose, noncontrast CT images show no corresponding abnormality.

ImpressionO Severe hypometabolism of bilateral parietotemporal

cortices with less involvement of frontal cortices favor Alzheimer’s disease, less likely Pick’s disease.

Page 26: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Diagnosis

Page 27: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Clinical Features Distinguishing AD and Other Dementias

O AD: O Memory, language, visual-spatial disturbances,

indifference, delusions, agitationO Frontotemporal dementia:

O Relative preservation of memory and visual-spatial, skills, personality change, executive dysfunction, excessive eating and drinking

O Lewy body dementia: O visual hallucinations, delusions, extrapyramidal,

symptoms,fuctuating mental status, sensitivity to antipsychotic medications

O Vascular dementia: O abrupt onset, stepwise deterioration, executive

dysfunction, gait changes

Page 28: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Cognitive domain

AD DLB bvFTD VaD Depres-sion

Free recall +++ ++ +/- + +

Recognition +++ - - - -

Prompting X √ √ √ √

Intrusions +++ +++ +++ + +

Semantic memory (naming)

++ + + + +/-

Procedural memory

- + - + +

Page 29: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Cognitive domain

AD DLB bvFTD VaD Depression

Working memory

++ +++ +++ ++ +/-

Insight +++ + +++ - -

Attention ++ +++ ++ ++ +++

Executive functions

++ typical AD+++ frontal

variant

+++ +++ +++ ++

Visuospatial skills

++ typical AD+++ PCA

+++ - + +

Page 30: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Memory impairment in AD

Page 31: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Memory impairment in AD

Page 32: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Memory impairment in AD

Page 33: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Memory impairment in AD

Page 34: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Memory impairment in AD

Page 35: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Alzheimer’s dementiacriteria

OProbable ADOPossible ADOProbable or possible AD with

evidence of the AD pathophysiological processO Biomarkers of brain amyloid-beta (Ab)

protein depositionO Biomarkers of downstream neuronal

degeneration or injury

Page 36: Geriatric Case Conferenc e
Page 37: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Atypical ADO Logopenic progressive aphasia

O LanguageO Frontal variant AD

O Behavior, ExecutiveO Posterior cortical atrophy

O Visuospatial

Page 38: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Frontotemporal dementia

FTD

Page 39: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

FTDO Dementia in persons younger than

65 years

O A neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology

O Behavioral and language

O Relatively preserved memory

Page 40: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

O Neuroimaging (MRI) usually demonstrates frontotemporal atrophy

Page 41: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Types of FTDO Behavioral variant frontotemporal

dementia

O Semantic dementia

O Progressive nonfluent aphasia

Page 42: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Treatment

Page 43: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

MedicationO Rivastigmine patch(10) 1 patch แปะ q

24 hrO Memantine (10) 1 x 1 oral pcO Sertraline(50) 1 x 1 oral pcO Na valproate chrono(500) 1 x 1 oral

pcO Quetiapine (25) 1 x 1 oral hsO Amlodipine (5) 1 x 1 oral pcO Folic (5) 1 x 1 oral pcO Vitamin B1612 1 x 2 oral pc

Page 44: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Therapeutic strategies

O Symptomatic treatmentO Disease-modifying therapy O Lifestyle

O DietO Physical ExerciseO Mental Exercise

Page 45: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

O Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine

O Mild to moderate dementia

O Benefit in severe dementia not as clear

Page 46: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

MemantineO Mechanism of action: partial NMDA-

receptor antagonistO May block glutamate excitotoxicityO May provide symptomatic benefit via

effects on hippocampal neuronsO Moderate to severeAlzheimer’s

dementiaO Safe in combination with ChEI

Page 47: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Pharmacologic Treatment of Agitation

Symptoms MedicationAgitation in context of nonacute psychosis

Olanzapine 2.5–10 mg/dQuetiapine 12.5–100 mg/dRisperidone 0.25–3 mg/d

Agitation in context of depression

SSRI, eg, citalopram 10–30 mg/d

Anxiety, mild to moderate irritability

Trazodone 50–100 mg/d

Agitation or aggression unresponsive to first-line treatment

Carbamazepine 300–600 mg/dOlanzapine (intramuscular) 2.5–5 mg IM

Sexual aggression, impulse-control symptoms in men

Second-generation antipsychotic If no response, conjugated equine estrogens 0.625–1.25 mg/d

Page 48: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

DietO Mediterranean diet (Scarmeas N.

JAMA. 2009)O High in vegetables, legumes, fruits,

nuts, cereal, fish, olive oilO Low in saturated fatsO Up to 40% reduction in risk for

developing dementia

Page 49: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Non pharmacological treatment in dementia

O Cognitive focus interventionO Cognitive stimulation O Cognitive training O Cognitive rehabilitation

O OtherO Music therapy O Aromatherapy O Massage and touchO Exercise

Cognitive stimulation is engagement in a range of activities anddiscussions (usually in a group) aimed at general enhancement ofcognitive and social functioning.

Cognitive training is guided practice on a set of standard tasksdesigned to reflect particular cognitive functions; a range of difficultylevelsmay be available within the standard set of tasks to suitthe individual’s level of ability. It may be offered in individual orgroup sessions, with pencil and paper or computerised exercises.

Cognitive rehabilitation is an individualised approach where personallyrelevant goals are identified and the therapist works withthe person and his or her family to devise strategies to addressthese. The emphasis is on improving performance in everyday liferather than on cognitive tests, building on the person’s strengthsand developing ways of compensating for impairments

Page 50: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Cognitive stimulation

Page 51: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

O Control group : usual activityO Doing nothingO Game : bingo, singing, art and crafts

Page 52: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

O Intervention : programmeO 14-session programme , twice a

week, 45min per session over 7 weeks

O Reality orientation and cognitive stimulation

O Topic : using money, word games, the present day and famous faces

O Reality orientation board

Page 53: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Cognition

Page 54: Geriatric Case Conferenc e
Page 55: Geriatric Case Conferenc e
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Follow up

Page 57: Geriatric Case Conferenc e
Page 58: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

O Communication and social interaction

• QoL

• GDS

Page 59: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

O ADL, Behavior, caregiver non significant

Page 60: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation

Page 61: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

O Cognitive training : 9 studies O Cognitive rehabilitation : none

Page 62: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Change in MMSE

Page 63: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

CHANGE in…O Immediate verbal memory scoresO Delayed verbal memory scoresO Verbal letter fluency scoresO Verbal category fluency scoresO Executive function scoresO Self-report of memory functioningO Participant self-report of mood (depression)O Informant report of participant memory

functioning

Non significant

Page 64: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

CHANGE in…O Informant report of participant mood (depression)O Informant report of participant functional ability

(ADLs)O Informant report of informant reaction to

participant memory and behaviour problemsO (Follow up) immediate verbal memory scoresO (Follow up) executive function (sequencing) scoresO (Follow up) informant report of participant

memory functioningO (Follow up) informant report of participant

functional ability (activities of daily living)

Non significant

Page 65: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Music therapy

Page 66: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

O Type of music therapyO Receptive music therapyO Active music therapy

Page 67: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Total minute spent not wandering during all sessions of main therapy

Page 68: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Mean change in MMSE

Page 69: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Number of agitated behavior2 week

4 week

Page 70: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Massage and touch

Page 71: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

O The use of hand massage for an immediate and short-term reduction of agitated behaviour

O The addition of touch to verbal encouragement to eat for the normalization of nutritional intake

Page 72: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Mean agitate score

Page 73: Geriatric Case Conferenc e
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Aroma therapy

Page 75: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

O Only 2 RCT, other not good study design

O Statistical significant in decreased agitated

Page 76: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Evaluation of Response to Any Cognitive Enhancer

O Elicit caregiver observations of patient’s cognitive function and behavior (alertness, initiative) and follow functional status (ADLs and instrumental ADLs).

O Follow cognitive status (eg, improved or stabilized) by caregiver’s report or serial ratings of cognition (eg, Mini-Cog, MMSE)

Page 77: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Test/Date28/6/54 24/1/55 28/2/55

ครงท 1 ครงท 2 ครงท 3Orientation for time 0 0 0Orientation for place 1 2 3Registration 3 2 2Attention/Calculation 0 0 0Recall 0 0 0Naming 2 2 2Repetition 0 0 1Verbal command 1 1 0Writing command 0 1 1Wristing 0 0 0Visuo-contruction 0 0 0

คะแนนรวม 7 8 9

Page 78: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Test/Date28/6/54 24/4/55

คร5งท 1 คร5งท 2CDT 2/10 1/10

Test/Date28/6/54 24/4/55

คร5งท 1 คร5งท 2Cube incorrect Incorrect

Page 79: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

Follow up

O Typical AD MMSE drop ≥ 3/yr

O MMSE drop ≤ 2/yr work

O Advance directive !!!

Follow up

Cognition

Caregiver

BPSD

Function

Sleep

Safety

ANS

Neuro

MMSE

•Hallu/Delu•Apathy•Depression•Agitation•Manic-like/attention

ADLs/

iADLs

•REM•Insomnia•Increase day sleepDriving,

falling, financial

GI, GU, cardio,tem

p, dysphagia

Page 80: Geriatric Case Conferenc e

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