gerardo e. de los santos league for innovation in the community college access in the information...

Gerardo E. de los SantosGerardo E. de los Santos

League for InnovationLeague for Innovation in the Community Collegein the Community College

Gerardo E. de los SantosGerardo E. de los Santos

League for InnovationLeague for Innovation in the Community Collegein the Community College

Access in the Information Age: Community Colleges Bridging

the Digital Divide

Access in the Information Age: Community Colleges Bridging

the Digital Divide

• Dramatic ChangeDramatic Change

• Digital DivideDigital Divide

• Digging InDigging In

• Dedication to EducationDedication to Education





OverviewOverviewOverviewOverview

Nielsen/Net Ratings; Newsweek; NUANielsen/Net Ratings; Newsweek; NUA

•Web from 377 million users to 1 billion users by 2005•Internet traffic doubles every 100 days•2 in 5 households to be hi-speed by 2005 •Over 1.2 Billion Web pages (doubles each year – 38 pages a second)•Over 25% of stock trades take place online• 760 Million messages daily (2x the USPS)•24% of US. Organizations use e-learning to train employees

•Web from 377 million users to 1 billion users by 2005•Internet traffic doubles every 100 days•2 in 5 households to be hi-speed by 2005 •Over 1.2 Billion Web pages (doubles each year – 38 pages a second)•Over 25% of stock trades take place online• 760 Million messages daily (2x the USPS)•24% of US. Organizations use e-learning to train employees

Dramatic ChangeDramatic ChangeDramatic ChangeDramatic Change

Newsweek; U.S. Department of Commerce; Forrester; DertouzosNewsweek; U.S. Department of Commerce; Forrester; Dertouzos

•Over 70% of adults use a computer •91% of adults projected online by 2005•Over a third of “wired” adults shop online•More than ½ of Americans send an e-mail each day•Average E-mail received per year: Grow from 1,800 to 5,600 by 2005•Consumer E-Commerce $300 Billion by 2002•B-to-B E-Commerce $2.7 Trillion by 2004

•Over 70% of adults use a computer •91% of adults projected online by 2005•Over a third of “wired” adults shop online•More than ½ of Americans send an e-mail each day•Average E-mail received per year: Grow from 1,800 to 5,600 by 2005•Consumer E-Commerce $300 Billion by 2002•B-to-B E-Commerce $2.7 Trillion by 2004


Dramatic Change: Dramatic Change: Characteristics of the New EconomyCharacteristics of the New Economy

Dramatic Change: Dramatic Change: Characteristics of the New EconomyCharacteristics of the New Economy

1.1. Technology is a givenTechnology is a given2.2. Globalism is here to stayGlobalism is here to stay3.3. Knowledge builds wealthKnowledge builds wealth4.4. People are the most important raw materialPeople are the most important raw material5.5. There’s no such thing as a smooth rideThere’s no such thing as a smooth ride6.6. Competition is relentlessCompetition is relentless7.7. Alliances are the way to get things doneAlliances are the way to get things done8.8. Place still matters—but for different reasonsPlace still matters—but for different reasons

--Morrison Institute for Public Policy--Morrison Institute for Public Policy The New Economy: A Guide for AZThe New Economy: A Guide for AZ 1999 1999

1.1. Technology is a givenTechnology is a given2.2. Globalism is here to stayGlobalism is here to stay3.3. Knowledge builds wealthKnowledge builds wealth4.4. People are the most important raw materialPeople are the most important raw material5.5. There’s no such thing as a smooth rideThere’s no such thing as a smooth ride6.6. Competition is relentlessCompetition is relentless7.7. Alliances are the way to get things doneAlliances are the way to get things done8.8. Place still matters—but for different reasonsPlace still matters—but for different reasons

--Morrison Institute for Public Policy--Morrison Institute for Public Policy The New Economy: A Guide for AZThe New Economy: A Guide for AZ 1999 1999

“In the next 50 years, schools and universities will change more and more drastically than they have since they assumed their present form more than 300 years ago when they organized themselves around the printed book.”

“In the next 50 years, schools and universities will change more and more drastically than they have since they assumed their present form more than 300 years ago when they organized themselves around the printed book.”

Peter DruckerPeter Drucker

• Change in Education• Change in Education


• Change in Higher EducationChange in Higher Education

– More than 50% of colleges have a wireless LAN– Almost 75% of students own a computer– More than 60% of college courses use e-mail– More than 2 of 5 college courses use Web resources– Approximately 60-80% of students and faculty access

the Internet each day– 90% of US colleges will offer e-learning by 2005

• Change in Higher EducationChange in Higher Education

– More than 50% of colleges have a wireless LAN– Almost 75% of students own a computer– More than 60% of college courses use e-mail– More than 2 of 5 college courses use Web resources– Approximately 60-80% of students and faculty access

the Internet each day– 90% of US colleges will offer e-learning by 2005

*K.C. Green, 2001; NUA*K.C. Green, 2001; NUA


*Newsweek


Putting the Net Generation in ContextPutting the Net Generation in Context (Recent High School Graduates)(Recent High School Graduates)

Putting the Net Generation in ContextPutting the Net Generation in Context (Recent High School Graduates)(Recent High School Graduates)

• MTV started before they were bornMTV started before they were born• Ronald Reagan is a vague memoryRonald Reagan is a vague memory• They’ve always had cable TVThey’ve always had cable TV• The Cold War ended while they were in grade The Cold War ended while they were in grade

schoolschool• They’ve never owned a vinyl recordThey’ve never owned a vinyl record• Oprah always has been a household wordOprah always has been a household word• The SimpsonsThe Simpsons had it premiere when they were 6 had it premiere when they were 6

----USA Today, October 4, 2001USA Today, October 4, 2001

• MTV started before they were bornMTV started before they were born• Ronald Reagan is a vague memoryRonald Reagan is a vague memory• They’ve always had cable TVThey’ve always had cable TV• The Cold War ended while they were in grade The Cold War ended while they were in grade

schoolschool• They’ve never owned a vinyl recordThey’ve never owned a vinyl record• Oprah always has been a household wordOprah always has been a household word• The SimpsonsThe Simpsons had it premiere when they were 6 had it premiere when they were 6

----USA Today, October 4, 2001USA Today, October 4, 2001

• The “DotCommies” are coming!The “DotCommies” are coming!– Baby Boom Echo – 88 million strong– 77% could not live w/o their PC– 92% think technology will improve their

educational options– Video games to surpass movies– Use for entertainment, learning,

communication, shopping – View tech as an appliance – a different level

of savvy, expectation– Faculty, Administration, Staff

• The “DotCommies” are coming!The “DotCommies” are coming!– Baby Boom Echo – 88 million strong– 77% could not live w/o their PC– 92% think technology will improve their

educational options– Video games to surpass movies– Use for entertainment, learning,

communication, shopping – View tech as an appliance – a different level

of savvy, expectation– Faculty, Administration, Staff


If you have two or more e-mail addressesIf you get a nervous tick after not checking your e-mail for more than 12 hoursIf you wake up at 3 a.m. to go to the bathroom and on the way back to bed you check your e-mail If you can’t sit through an entire movie without having at least one device on your body beep or buzzIf your minister uses PowerPointIf your first thought after seeing this list is that you’d like to get a copy so you can e-mail it to a friend

. . . You May Be a DotCommie. . . You May Be a DotCommie

How Do We Define the How Do We Define the Digital Divide?Digital Divide?

How Do We Define the How Do We Define the Digital Divide?Digital Divide?

Digital DivideDigital DivideDigital DivideDigital Divide

““America’s Digital Divide is fast America’s Digital Divide is fast becoming a ‘racial ravine.’ It is now one of becoming a ‘racial ravine.’ It is now one of

America’s leading economic and civil America’s leading economic and civil rights issues and we have to take concrete rights issues and we have to take concrete

steps to redress the gap between thesteps to redress the gap between thehaves and have nots.”haves and have nots.”

--Department of Commerce for --Department of Commerce for Telecommunications Telecommunications

August 1999 August 1999

““America’s Digital Divide is fast America’s Digital Divide is fast becoming a ‘racial ravine.’ It is now one of becoming a ‘racial ravine.’ It is now one of

America’s leading economic and civil America’s leading economic and civil rights issues and we have to take concrete rights issues and we have to take concrete

steps to redress the gap between thesteps to redress the gap between thehaves and have nots.”haves and have nots.”

--Department of Commerce for --Department of Commerce for Telecommunications Telecommunications

August 1999 August 1999

Falling Through the Net: Toward Falling Through the Net: Toward Digital Inclusion Digital Inclusion

(Oct. 2000)(Oct. 2000)

Falling Through the Net: Toward Falling Through the Net: Toward Digital Inclusion Digital Inclusion

(Oct. 2000)(Oct. 2000)

Key Federal MeasuresKey Federal MeasuresKey Federal MeasuresKey Federal Measures

Households with ComputersHouseholds with Computers Households with Internet AccessHouseholds with Internet Access(NTIA, 1999)(NTIA, 1999)

Households with ComputersHouseholds with Computers Households with Internet AccessHouseholds with Internet Access(NTIA, 1999)(NTIA, 1999)

Percent of U.S. Households Percent of U.S. Households with a Computer By Race/Originwith a Computer By Race/Origin

Percent of U.S. Households Percent of U.S. Households with a Computer By Race/Originwith a Computer By Race/Origin

• Overall, the #s of computers in Overall, the #s of computers in households have increased, yet a gap households have increased, yet a gap exists between racial/ethnic groupsexists between racial/ethnic groups– In 2000, 33% of Black and Hispanic

households had a computer compared to 55% of white households and 66% of Asian-American/Pacific Islanders

• Overall, the #s of computers in Overall, the #s of computers in households have increased, yet a gap households have increased, yet a gap exists between racial/ethnic groupsexists between racial/ethnic groups– In 2000, 33% of Black and Hispanic

households had a computer compared to 55% of white households and 66% of Asian-American/Pacific Islanders

Percent of U.S. Households Percent of U.S. Households with a Computer By Incomewith a Computer By IncomePercent of U.S. Households Percent of U.S. Households with a Computer By Incomewith a Computer By Income

• The lower the family income, the less The lower the family income, the less likely to have a computer, particularly likely to have a computer, particularly Blacks and HispanicsBlacks and Hispanics– In 2000, 27% of both Black and

Hispanic households w/ incomes of $15-35K had a computer at home, compared to 40% in white and 50% in Asian Amer./Pac. Islander households

• The lower the family income, the less The lower the family income, the less likely to have a computer, particularly likely to have a computer, particularly Blacks and HispanicsBlacks and Hispanics– In 2000, 27% of both Black and

Hispanic households w/ incomes of $15-35K had a computer at home, compared to 40% in white and 50% in Asian Amer./Pac. Islander households

Percent of U.S. Households Percent of U.S. Households Using the InternetUsing the Internet

Percent of U.S. Households Percent of U.S. Households Using the InternetUsing the Internet

• Overall, the #s of households with Overall, the #s of households with Internet access have increased, yet a Internet access have increased, yet a gap exists among racial/ethnic groupsgap exists among racial/ethnic groups– In 2000, 23% of Black and Hispanic

households had Internet access, compared to 46% of white and 57% of Asian Amer./Pac. Islander households

• Overall, the #s of households with Overall, the #s of households with Internet access have increased, yet a Internet access have increased, yet a gap exists among racial/ethnic groupsgap exists among racial/ethnic groups– In 2000, 23% of Black and Hispanic

households had Internet access, compared to 46% of white and 57% of Asian Amer./Pac. Islander households

Percent of U.S. Households Percent of U.S. Households with Access to the Internet By Incomewith Access to the Internet By Income

Percent of U.S. Households Percent of U.S. Households with Access to the Internet By Incomewith Access to the Internet By Income

• The lower the family income, the less The lower the family income, the less likely to have access to the Internet, likely to have access to the Internet, particularly Blacks and Hispanicsparticularly Blacks and Hispanics– In 2000, 17% of Black and Hispanic

households with incomes between $15-35K had Internet access, compared to 31% of white and 43% of Asian-Amer./Pac. Islander households

• The lower the family income, the less The lower the family income, the less likely to have access to the Internet, likely to have access to the Internet, particularly Blacks and Hispanicsparticularly Blacks and Hispanics– In 2000, 17% of Black and Hispanic

households with incomes between $15-35K had Internet access, compared to 31% of white and 43% of Asian-Amer./Pac. Islander households

• Significant access challenges for Significant access challenges for minorities and rural areasminorities and rural areas

• Whites are 2x as likely to have Internet Whites are 2x as likely to have Internet access as Blacks and Hispanicsaccess as Blacks and Hispanics

• Household Income of $75,000 are Household Income of $75,000 are 20 times more likely to have access to the 20 times more likely to have access to the Internet Internet

• Significant access challenges for Significant access challenges for minorities and rural areasminorities and rural areas

• Whites are 2x as likely to have Internet Whites are 2x as likely to have Internet access as Blacks and Hispanicsaccess as Blacks and Hispanics

• Household Income of $75,000 are Household Income of $75,000 are 20 times more likely to have access to the 20 times more likely to have access to the Internet Internet

*Federal Computer Week, July 1999*Federal Computer Week, July 1999

Digital DivideDigital Divide

• Low-income schools lag almost 35% Low-income schools lag almost 35% behind more affluent schoolsbehind more affluent schools

• Fewer than 40% of low-income schools Fewer than 40% of low-income schools have a classroom with an Internet have a classroom with an Internet connectionconnection

• 17% of 17-year olds are functionally 17% of 17-year olds are functionally illiterateilliterate

• Low-income schools lag almost 35% Low-income schools lag almost 35% behind more affluent schoolsbehind more affluent schools

• Fewer than 40% of low-income schools Fewer than 40% of low-income schools have a classroom with an Internet have a classroom with an Internet connectionconnection

• 17% of 17-year olds are functionally 17% of 17-year olds are functionally illiterateilliterate

*NCES*NCES


““The lack of technology access and skills The lack of technology access and skills puts disadvantaged members of our puts disadvantaged members of our society increasingly at risk of becoming society increasingly at risk of becoming disenfranchised spectators of a digital disenfranchised spectators of a digital world that is passing them by, bit by bit.”world that is passing them by, bit by bit.”

----Milliron and Miles, CEO & VPMilliron and Miles, CEO & VP League for Innovation League for Innovation November/December 2000 November/December 2000

““The lack of technology access and skills The lack of technology access and skills puts disadvantaged members of our puts disadvantaged members of our society increasingly at risk of becoming society increasingly at risk of becoming disenfranchised spectators of a digital disenfranchised spectators of a digital world that is passing them by, bit by bit.”world that is passing them by, bit by bit.”

----Milliron and Miles, CEO & VPMilliron and Miles, CEO & VP League for Innovation League for Innovation November/December 2000 November/December 2000


Typical Home In Typical Home In Santa Ana, CaliforniaSanta Ana, California

Typical Home In Typical Home In Santa Ana, CaliforniaSanta Ana, California

Typical Mission Viejo, CATypical Mission Viejo, CACommunityCommunity

Typical Mission Viejo, CATypical Mission Viejo, CACommunityCommunity

A Connected, Wired, A Connected, Wired, Intranet CommunityIntranet Community A Connected, Wired, A Connected, Wired, Intranet CommunityIntranet Community

Current and Future Demographic Current and Future Demographic Shifts Indicate a Significant Shifts Indicate a Significant

Increase in Community Increase in Community College EnrollmentsCollege Enrollments

Current and Future Demographic Current and Future Demographic Shifts Indicate a Significant Shifts Indicate a Significant

Increase in Community Increase in Community College EnrollmentsCollege Enrollments

Knocking On the Open DoorKnocking On the Open DoorKnocking On the Open DoorKnocking On the Open Door

High School Graduate Growth High School Graduate Growth 1995-96--2011-121995-96--2011-12

High School Graduate Growth High School Graduate Growth 1995-96--2011-121995-96--2011-12

1995-96 1995-96 2011-122011-12

African AmericanAfrican American 298,957298,957 370,393 370,393

Native AmericanNative American 20,673 36,21420,673 36,214

Asian Pacific Islander 100,358 194,984Asian Pacific Islander 100,358 194,984

Hispanic Hispanic 218,358218,358 517,746 517,746

White Non-HispanicWhite Non-Hispanic 1,653,1221,653,122 1,649,491 1,649,491

TOTALTOTAL 2,292,0312,292,031 2,768,828 2,768,828

1995-96 1995-96 2011-122011-12

African AmericanAfrican American 298,957298,957 370,393 370,393

Native AmericanNative American 20,673 36,21420,673 36,214

Asian Pacific Islander 100,358 194,984Asian Pacific Islander 100,358 194,984

Hispanic Hispanic 218,358218,358 517,746 517,746

White Non-HispanicWhite Non-Hispanic 1,653,1221,653,122 1,649,491 1,649,491

TOTALTOTAL 2,292,0312,292,031 2,768,828 2,768,828

Percent Growth of High School Percent Growth of High School Graduates between 1996-2012Graduates between 1996-2012

Percent Growth of High School Percent Growth of High School Graduates between 1996-2012Graduates between 1996-2012

• African Americans = African Americans = 23.9 % 23.9 %

• Native American = Native American = 75.2%75.2%

• Asian Pacific Islander =Asian Pacific Islander = 93.2%93.2%

• Hispanic =Hispanic = 137%137%

• White Non Hispanic =White Non Hispanic = (.22%)(.22%)

• African Americans = African Americans = 23.9 % 23.9 %

• Native American = Native American = 75.2%75.2%

• Asian Pacific Islander =Asian Pacific Islander = 93.2%93.2%

• Hispanic =Hispanic = 137%137%

• White Non Hispanic =White Non Hispanic = (.22%)(.22%)

Digging In: RecommendationsDigging In: RecommendationsDigging In: RecommendationsDigging In: Recommendations

1. Community colleges should review the curriculum and pedagogies used in the classroom to ensure that all students develop technology literacy and the ability to adapt quickly to change

1. Community colleges should review the curriculum and pedagogies used in the classroom to ensure that all students develop technology literacy and the ability to adapt quickly to change

Digging InDigging In

2. 2. Community colleges should Community colleges should develop strategic plans to develop strategic plans to enhance and continuously enhance and continuously improve the issue of technology in improve the issue of technology in learning and teaching processeslearning and teaching processes

2. 2. Community colleges should Community colleges should develop strategic plans to develop strategic plans to enhance and continuously enhance and continuously improve the issue of technology in improve the issue of technology in learning and teaching processeslearning and teaching processes


3.3. Community colleges should Community colleges should provide opportunities for all provide opportunities for all members of the faculty and staff members of the faculty and staff to use computers, the Internet, to use computers, the Internet, and other emerging technologiesand other emerging technologies

3.3. Community colleges should Community colleges should provide opportunities for all provide opportunities for all members of the faculty and staff members of the faculty and staff to use computers, the Internet, to use computers, the Internet, and other emerging technologiesand other emerging technologies


4. Community Colleges should seek 4. Community Colleges should seek relationships with technology relationships with technology partners in their local business partners in their local business communities who will directly and communities who will directly and indirectly benefit from indirectly benefit from technologically literate employee technologically literate employee prospectsprospects

4. Community Colleges should seek 4. Community Colleges should seek relationships with technology relationships with technology partners in their local business partners in their local business communities who will directly and communities who will directly and indirectly benefit from indirectly benefit from technologically literate employee technologically literate employee prospectsprospects


5. Community Colleges should 5. Community Colleges should facilitate explorations of how the facilitate explorations of how the issues of growing minority issues of growing minority enrollments, limited access to enrollments, limited access to technology, and increasing technology, and increasing requirements for technology and requirements for technology and change savvy will likely impact them change savvy will likely impact them in the futurein the future

5. Community Colleges should 5. Community Colleges should facilitate explorations of how the facilitate explorations of how the issues of growing minority issues of growing minority enrollments, limited access to enrollments, limited access to technology, and increasing technology, and increasing requirements for technology and requirements for technology and change savvy will likely impact them change savvy will likely impact them in the futurein the future


6. Community Colleges should 6. Community Colleges should strengthen their occupational and strengthen their occupational and other short-cycle offerings to other short-cycle offerings to continue to prepare their growing continue to prepare their growing number of information technology number of information technology workers needed in the new workers needed in the new economyeconomy

6. Community Colleges should 6. Community Colleges should strengthen their occupational and strengthen their occupational and other short-cycle offerings to other short-cycle offerings to continue to prepare their growing continue to prepare their growing number of information technology number of information technology workers needed in the new workers needed in the new economyeconomy


7. Community Colleges should 7. Community Colleges should create venues, on their own or create venues, on their own or with partners, where all students with partners, where all students can access computers and the can access computers and the Internet on and off campus.Internet on and off campus.

7. Community Colleges should 7. Community Colleges should create venues, on their own or create venues, on their own or with partners, where all students with partners, where all students can access computers and the can access computers and the Internet on and off campus.Internet on and off campus.


8. Community Colleges should work 8. Community Colleges should work with K-12 school systems to with K-12 school systems to facilitate the professional facilitate the professional development of teachers in the use development of teachers in the use of technology in learning and of technology in learning and teaching processesteaching processes

8. Community Colleges should work 8. Community Colleges should work with K-12 school systems to with K-12 school systems to facilitate the professional facilitate the professional development of teachers in the use development of teachers in the use of technology in learning and of technology in learning and teaching processesteaching processes


Dedication to Education: Dedication to Education: Learning Beyond TechnologyLearning Beyond Technology

Dedication to Education: Dedication to Education: Learning Beyond TechnologyLearning Beyond Technology

““The current and future health of America’s The current and future health of America’s 2121stst Century economy depends directly on Century economy depends directly on how broadly and deeply Americans reach a how broadly and deeply Americans reach a new level of literacy—’21new level of literacy—’21st st Century Century Literacy’—that includes strong academic Literacy’—that includes strong academic skills, thinking, reasoning, teamwork skills, skills, thinking, reasoning, teamwork skills, and proficiency in using technology.”and proficiency in using technology.”

--21--21stst Century Century Workforce Commission, 2000 Workforce Commission, 2000

““The current and future health of America’s The current and future health of America’s 2121stst Century economy depends directly on Century economy depends directly on how broadly and deeply Americans reach a how broadly and deeply Americans reach a new level of literacy—’21new level of literacy—’21st st Century Century Literacy’—that includes strong academic Literacy’—that includes strong academic skills, thinking, reasoning, teamwork skills, skills, thinking, reasoning, teamwork skills, and proficiency in using technology.”and proficiency in using technology.”

--21--21stst Century Century Workforce Commission, 2000 Workforce Commission, 2000

Learning Beyond Technology: Learning Beyond Technology: 2121stst Century Learning Outcomes Century Learning OutcomesLearning Beyond Technology: Learning Beyond Technology:

2121stst Century Learning Outcomes Century Learning Outcomes

• Technology SkillsTechnology Skills• Communications SkillsCommunications Skills• Computation Skills Computation Skills • Critical Thinking and Critical Thinking and

Problem-Solving SkillsProblem-Solving Skills

• Technology SkillsTechnology Skills• Communications SkillsCommunications Skills• Computation Skills Computation Skills • Critical Thinking and Critical Thinking and

Problem-Solving SkillsProblem-Solving Skills

2121stst Century Outcomes Century Outcomes2121stst Century Outcomes Century Outcomes

• Information Management Information Management SkillsSkills

• Interpersonal SkillsInterpersonal Skills• Personal Skills Personal Skills • Community SkillsCommunity Skills

• Information Management Information Management SkillsSkills

• Interpersonal SkillsInterpersonal Skills• Personal Skills Personal Skills • Community SkillsCommunity Skills

22ndnd Digital Divide Book Digital Divide Book22ndnd Digital Divide Book Digital Divide Book

• Extends the definition of Digital Divide and Extends the definition of Digital Divide and focuses on its impact by racial/ethnic group, focuses on its impact by racial/ethnic group, gender, and geographygender, and geography

• Provides examples of community colleges Provides examples of community colleges that are addressing divides of specific that are addressing divides of specific constituentsconstituents

• Extends the definition of Digital Divide and Extends the definition of Digital Divide and focuses on its impact by racial/ethnic group, focuses on its impact by racial/ethnic group, gender, and geographygender, and geography

• Provides examples of community colleges Provides examples of community colleges that are addressing divides of specific that are addressing divides of specific constituentsconstituents









Wrap UpWrap UpWrap UpWrap Up

www.league.orgSearchable Database, Publications, Resources, Information

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Conferences and Events Boston, MAInnovations 2002, March 17-20

www.league.orgSearchable Database, Publications, Resources, Information

[email protected]

Conferences and Events Boston, MAInnovations 2002, March 17-20

Connecting with the LeagueConnecting with the LeagueConnecting with the LeagueConnecting with the League

gerardo e. de los santos league for innovation in the community college access in the information...

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