geothermal experience and scientific drilling in · pdf filegeothermal experience and...

Geothermal experience and

scientific drilling in Sweden

Jan-Erik Rosberg,

Engineering Geology, Lund University

www.sgu.se

Time table: Geothermal

research in Scania 1977 Geothermal research started

at our department

1980 A slim hole drilling in Landskrona. TD 1100m.

------------------------------------------------

1981 A concept for a geothermal plant in Lund were carried out by LTH, Lund Energy and ASEA STAL AB.

1983 Two exploration boreholes were drilled. Flackarp 1 (TD 764 m) and Värpinge 1 (TD 684 m).

1984 Lund Energy decided to build a geothermal heat plant with 2 production wells and 2 injection wells.

1985 January, the first part of the geothermal plant was finished

The second phase was started.

1986 February, the second part was finished. 4 production wells

5 injection wells

2 exploration wells

2001 Project “Deep Geothermal Energy”

2008- Possible expansion

Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University

The geothermal Heatplant in

Lund principal

•Aquifer: Campanian sandstone •Production wells: 4 • Injection wells: 5 •Drilling depth: 650 - 800 m •Exploration wells: 2 •Production rate: approx 1600 m3/h •Production temperature: initially: approx 22 °C today: approx 17 °C • Injection temperature: 4-7 °C


Location map

Geothermal heat

plant

1.8 km


Heat Pump Plant


Production and Injection well


Screen design


Production data

• Daily

• 32 parameters

• From start

1985

• Stored in

database


Temperature


Measurements (logging) in

wells • Temperature

– Control of temperature changes in the formation

– Use in thermo hydraulic modeling

• Caliper (diameter) – Control of well construction

• Flowmeter – Control of inflow and outflow in the screened section

• Video inspection – Control of well construction


Well improvement

• Hydro-jetting (2012-2013)

• Removal of scaling


Deep Geothermal project

• 2 wells (TD 3701m and 1927 m)

• Drilling down and into the

basement

• Fractures were found

• Sandstones between 1300-1900 m

• Temperature above 40 °C

• Not enough water for commercial

use


Casing collapse at 1030 m. Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University

Different Drilling

methods

ROP and Caliper

used and measured

in DGE #1.

Note the transition from

Conventional to Rotary Air

Drilling

In addition Mud hammer test

between 3666 m and 3675 m

Air rotary drilling

Sketch: Peter Jonsson, Engineering geology

The compressors used for Air Drilling


Different Air bit status after 90 m of drilling

Normal wear

Extensive wear


The Numa

Percussion Hammer

assembly

with 12 1/4” button

bit.

(2878 m to 2972 m)


Airlifting basement Airlifting

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2003-03-09

12:00:00

2003-03-10

04:00:00

2003-03-10

20:00:00

2003-03-11

12:00:00

2003-03-12

04:00:00

2003-03-12

20:00:00

2003-03-13

12:00:00

2003-03-14

04:00:00

2003-03-14

20:00:00

Time

SP

P (

bar)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Flo

w r

ate

(l/s

)

SPP

Flow

Airsub placed at the depth of 3100 mAirsub placed at the depth of 3690 m

Average flow rate 1.8 l/s and

temperature 85 degC Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University

Injection and fall-off test

Injection and fall off test

0

50

100

150

200

2003-10-16

00:00:00

2003-10-16

12:00:00

2003-10-17

00:00:00

2003-10-17

12:00:00

2003-10-18

00:00:00

2003-10-18

12:00:00

2003-10-19

00:00:00

2003-10-19

12:00:00

2003-10-20

00:00:00

Time

Pre

ssu

re (

bar)

0

1

2

3

4

Inje

cti

on

rate

(l/s)

Pressure

Injection rate

Transmissivity 5.0∙10-7 m2/s

(K= 9.9∙10-10 m/s) Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University

Perforation of dual casing

Perforation runs

(6 SPF)

1895-1905 m

1827-1840 m

1472-1525 m

1827-1853 m

1685-1717 m

1427-1472 m

1427-1530 m

Perforation

Total number of

perforations 5220


Estimation of transmissivity

from drawdown and recovery

data

0.1 1. 10. 100. 1000.

0.

100.

200.

300.

400.

500.

Time (min)

Dra

wd

ow

n (

m)

Obs. Wells

DGE#1

Aquifer Model

Confined

Solution

Cooper-Jacob

Parameters

T = 1.14E-4 m 2 /s

1. 10. 100. 1000. 1.0E+4

0.

100.

200.

300.

400.

500.

Time, t/t'

Resid

ua

l D

raw

do

wn

(m

)

Obs. Wells

DGE#1

Aquifer Model

Confined

Solution

Theis (Recovery)

Parameters

T = 5.02E-5 m 2 /s

T= 1.1∙10-4 m2/s T= 5.0∙10-5 m2/s


Hanger Liner at 500 m. From 20" to 13 5/8".

13 5/8" casing

9 5/8" casing/blank

Hanger Liner from 1209,6-1213 m

NOTE: NOT TO SCALE !!

1473 m Port Collar

1250 m

1476-1479 m. Tell Tale slot.

1506 m

1507 m

1539 m

1558 m

1569 m

1672,5 m

1702,5 m

1729 m

1927 mTotal depth of drilled well. ( Top gneiss )

Top backfill with gravel

Bottom of Sump in well completion

1560-1563 m Slotted Tell Tale

1566-1569 m Slotted Tell Tale

NOTE: All depths are KB-depths !

Ground level is - 5 m.

LB. 20041201

DGE 02

9,1" OD

W-Wrapped

7" OD, 6" ID

W-Wrapped scr.

9 5/8" OD and 8,535 ID Blanks

6 5/8" OD, 6" ID Blanks

6 5/8" OD, 6" ID Blanks


Pumping test pre- and post-

development Pumping test before jetting (7sep,25nov) and after jetting (10jan)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Time (min)

Dra

wd

ow

n (

m)

07-sep

25-nov

10-jan

Average flow rate during

the first 200 minutes

7-sep 33.6 l/s

25-nov 41.7 l/s

10-jan 48.5 l/s

Missing data


Well development


Interference


EGS (Enhanced Geothermal Systems)

Plans for EGS

• 5000-7000 m deep

boreholes

• Mudhammer technique

• District heating

• In southern part of

Sweden

www.altarock.com


Riksriggen

Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering

Geology, Lund University

In November 2009 the Swedish Research Council awarded Lund University and its co-applicants a grant of 25.8 MSEK, around 3 MUSD. The grant is being used for buying, implementing and running an infrastructure for Deep Core Drilling. VR states that the infrastructure is a National resource to be managed and operated by Engineering Geology in Lund and serving all Swedish universities and researchers.

Main co-applicants were Uppsala University and Luleå Technical University. Other supporting universities were SU, CTH and KTH. In addition, the Swedish Deep Drilling Programme.


< 35 ton total

around 2500 ton

500 – 800 m2

3000 – 5000 m2

WL coring rig WL coring rig

Conv. mud rotary rig

P-size H-size

N-size

Core diameter 83/85 mm

Hole diameter 122.6 mm

Core diameter 61.1/63.5 mm

Hole diameter 96 mm

Core diameter 45/47.6 mm

Hole diameter 75.7 mm Depth capacity coring

P-size to around 1050 m

H-size to around 1600 m

N-size to around 2500 m Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University

Type of projects

• Geoscientific projects

• Groundwater exploration

• Geothermal exploration

• CO2-storage

• Civil engineering projects

• etc.


COSC-project in Åre, 2014

Total drilling depth 2495.8 m

COSC: Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides

COSC-project objectives

• Study how mountain belts are formed

– Drill through the middle allochthon (Seve

Nappe)

• Heat flow and climate

• Large and small scale water circulation

patterns, present and past

• Deep biosphere

• Verification of geophysical surveys


Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering

Geology, Lund University

COSC working

groups

Tectonics and geology

Hydrogeology

Microbiology

Geophysics

Drilling management

and technology

Geothermics

Project organisation

• Lund University (Technical

management)

• Uppsala University (Geoscientific

management)

• Protek (Drilling contractor)

• LarssonDrillingConsultant AB

(Supervisor)

• 52 researchers from 11 countries


Drilling operation (overview)

• Installation of HWT-casing

• Core drilling HQ3, 1616 m

• Core drilling NQ3, 1709 m

• Core drilling (6 m core barrel) NQ,

2495.8 m

Geophysical logging, hydraulic testing and

water and gas sampling


Results core drilling

• HQ3 1616 m (1/5-8/7),

33- 63 m drilled /day,

100 % core recovery

• NQ 2495,8 m,

around 36 m drilled/day,

100 % core recovery


Drill bits HQ3

• Excore 8-9 JET16 10 WW

• Drilled m / drill bit: 13 -173 m

• Average: 72 m/drill bit

• Too low RPM and too high pumping

rate wore out the drill bits


NQ drill bits

• Excore 6-8 JET16 8 WW

• Drilled m/ drill bit: 12 - 288 m

• Average: 112 m/drill bit

• Too low RPM and too high pumping

rate wore out the drill bits


Drill bits


Too low RPM


Bent drill rods


Mud system


Rod handling


Data acquisition system (PJ)


Blow Out Preventer (BOP)


Special cores for the

microbiologists


64


Successful results thanks to

skilled drilling crew


Summary

• Successful drilling operation

(national records!)

• 2400 m open borehole

• Geoscientists and microbiologist are

satisfied

• 100 % core recovery

• The research has just started….


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