PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SITE CHARACTERIZATlON

TSC-2, Porto, Portugal, 19-22 September 2004

Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization

EDITED BY

ANT6NIO VIANA DA FoNSECA

Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Portugal

PAUL w. MA YNE

School oJCivil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia lnstitute ojTechnology, Atlanta, GA, USA

VOLUME2

MILLPRESS ROITERDAM NETHERLANDS 2004

Proceedings ISC-2 on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization, Viana da Fonseca & Mayne (eds.) © 2004 Millpress, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5966 009 9

Table of contents

Volume l Introduction

Reviewing Committee

Reference documents on in-situ testing

Acknowledgements

KEYNOTE LECTURES

XXI

XXIII

xxv XXVIII

The James K. Mitchell Lecture: "In situ soil testing: from mechanics to interpretation" 3 H-S. Yu

Characterization of granite and the underground construction in Metro do Porto, Portugal 39 S. Babenàererde, E. Hoek, P. Marinos & A. Silva Cardoso

In-situ test characterization of unusual geomaterials 49 F. Schnaid, B.M. Lehane & M. Fahey

Routine and advanced analysis of mechanical in-situ tests. 75 Results on saprolitic soils from granites more or less mixed in Portugal A. Gomes Correia, A. Vìana da Fonseca & M. Gambin

The contributions of in situ geophysical measurements to solving geotechuical engineering problems 97 K.H. Stokoe Il, S-H. Joh & R.D. Woods

Deformatiou properties of fine-grained soils from seismic tests 133 K.R. Massarsch

Advanced calibration chambers for eone penetration testing in cohesionless soils 147 A-B. Huang & H-H. Hsu

In-situ seismic survey in characterizing engineering properties of natura! ground 167 S. Shibuya, S. Yamashita, Y. Watabe & D.C.F. Lo Presti

Characterization of the Venice lagoon silts from in-situ tests an d the performance of a test embankment 187 P. Simonini

Characterization of soft sediments for offshore applications M.F. Randolph

Eva!uating soilliquefaction and post-earthquake deforrnations using the CPT P.K. Robertson

209

233

VII

J. M ECHANICAL IN-SITU TEST/NG METHODS

Genera] rcport: Mechanical in-situ tcsting methods M. Devincenzi, J .J.M. Powell & N. Cruz

Comparison bctween platc load test results and di latometer test results- Case srudy, Seymareh dam and Sazbon dam projects A. Agharazi & M. Moradi

Influence of vane size and equipment on the results of field vane tests H. Ahnberg, R. Larsson & C. Berglwrd

Determination of in-situ deformation moduli with a penetrometer and static loading test H. Arbaoui, R. Gourvès, Ph. Bressoleue & L. Bodé

Characterization of soft marine clay using the flat dilatometer A. Arulrajah, M. W Bo & H. Nikraz

Estimating the SPT penetration resistance from rod penetration based on instrumentatioo E.H. Cavalcante, F.A.B. Danziger & B.R. Danziger

Characterization of SPT grain size effects in gravels C.R. Danie/, J .A. Howie, R.G. Campanella & A. Sy

253

265

271

279

287

293

299

Intemational and European standards on geotechnical investigation and testing for si te characterization 307 V. Eitner, R. Katzenbaclr & F. StOlben

CPTU site characterizatioo: offshore peninsular and East Malaysia experieoce 315 S.M. Fairuz, J. Rohallì & T. Lunlle

The repeatibility in results of Mackiotosb Probe test 325 A. Fakher & M. Khodaparast

Application of the CPT to the cbaracterization of a residua) clay si te 331 S.G. Fityus & L. Bates

Energy ratio measurement of SPT equipment 339 D-S. Kim, W-S. Seo, E-S. Bang

CPT-DMT interrelationships in Piedmont residuum 345 P. W Mayne & T. Liao

Energy measurements for standard penetration tests and the effects of the length of rods. 35 l E. Odebrecht, F. Schnaid, M.M. Roclza & G.P. Bernardes

SPT-T: test procedure and applicatioos 359 A.S.P. Peixoto, D. de Carvalho & H.L. Gìacheti

Dynarnic eone penetrometer to estimate subgrade resilient modulus for Iow volume roads design 367 A.M. Rahim & K.P. George

Soil profile interpretation based on similarity concept for CPTU data 373 F. Saboya Jr & D.J.G. Balbi

Centrifuge penetration tests in saturated Iayered sands 377 M. F. Silva & M.D. Bolton

Sampling by dri lling and excavations and groundwater measuremcnts according to 385 EN ISO 22475 for geotechnical investigations and site characterization F. Stolben, V. Eimer & H. Ho.ffrnann

Uodrained shear strength and OCR of marine clays from piezocone test results 391 F.A. Trevor & P. W Mayne

Results of a comparative study on eone resistance measuremeots 399 V. Whenham, N. Huybrechts, M. De Vos, J. Maertens, G. Simon & G. Va n Alboom

VIli © 2004 Millpress, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5966 009 9

-

2. GEOPHYSICAL METHODS APPLI!i/J TO GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Generai report: Geophysical methods applied to gcotecbnical engineering 409 S. Foti & A.P. Butcher

1SC'2 experimental site investigation and characteJization - Part 2: 419 from SH waves high resolution sballow renection to shallower GPR tests F. Almeida, H Hcrmosilha, J.M. Carva/ho, A. Viano da Fonseca & R. Moura

Quantitative resistivity methods for marine and fluvial site investigations 427 P. Brabers

lSC'2 experimental si te investigation - Part l : conventional and tomographic P and 433 S waves refraction seismics vs. electrical rcsistivity f.M. Carvalh.o, A. Viana da Fonseca, F. Almeida & H. Hennosilha

The role of crosshole seismic tomography for site characterization and grout injection evaluation 443 on Carmo convent foundations M.J. Coelho, F.M. Salgado & L. Fialho Rodrigues

Geophysical characterization for seepage potential assessment along the embankments of the Po River 451 C. Comina, S . Foti, L. V. Socco & C. Strobbia

The use of multichannel analysis of surface w a ves in determining G,. ..... for soft clay 459 S. Donohue, M. Long, K. Gavin & P. O' Conn.or

The use of electrical resistivity for detection of leacheate plumes in waste disposal sites 467 V.R. Elis, G. Mondel/i, H.L. Giacheti, A.S.P. Peixoto & J. Hamada

Wavelets in surface wave cavity detection - theoretical background and implementation 475 N. Gucunski, P Shokouhi & A. Maher

Investigation of bridge fou ndation sites in karst terrane via multi-electrode electrical resistivity 483 D.R. Hiltunen & M.J.S. Roth

Monitoring water saturation gradient in a si lty sand site using geophysical techniques 491 E. Kalantarian & D. Doser

Cbaracterizing ground hazards induced by historic salt mining using ground-penetrating radar 497 B. Kulessa, A. Ruffell & D. Glynn

Hydrogeological characterization by electrical resistivity surveys in granitic terrains 505 A.S. Lima & A.C. V. Oliveira

Development of a TDR dielectric penetrometer 513 C-P. Lin, C-C. Chung & S-H. Tang

Joint acquisition of SWM and other seismic techniques in the ISC'2 experimental site 521 l. Lopes, l. Moitinho, C. Strobbia, P. Teves-Costa, G.P. Deidda, M. Mendes & J.A. Santos

Decomposed rock mass characterization with crosshole seismic tomography at the Hcrofsmo 531 station si te (Porto) M. Oliveira & M.J. Coelho

Shear velocity mode! appraisal in shallow surface w ave inversion 539 A. O'NeiU

Full waveform retlectivity for inversion of surface wave dispersion in shallow site investigations 547 A. O'Neill

Offshore geosciences for coastal infrastructure 555 J. Peuchen & W.M. NeSmith

A framework for inversion of wavefield spectra in seisrnic non-destructive testing of pavements 563 N. Ryden, P Ulriksen & C.B. Park

Proceedings ISC'2 on Geotechnical and Geophyslcal Site Characterization, Viana da Fonseca & Mayne (ed s.) IX

l. M cCHANICAL IN-SITU TEST!NC Ml:-I HODS

Generai report: Mechanical in-situ testing methods M. Devincenzi, J.J.M. Powell & N. Cruz

Comparison betwecn p late load test results and dilatometcr test results • Case study, Scymareh dam and Sazbon dam projects A. Agharazi & M. Moradi

Influence of vane s i?:e and equipment on the results of fìeld vane tests H. Ahnberg, R. Larsson & C. Berglund

Determination of in-sitlt deformatjon moduli with a penetrometer and static loading test H. Arbaoui, R. Gourvès, Ph . Bressole11e & L. Bodé

Characterization of soft marine clay using the flat dilatometer A. Arulrajah, M. W Bo & H. Nikraz

Estimaùng the SPT penetration resistance from rod penetration based on instrumentation E.H. Cavalcante, F.A.B. Danziger & B.R. Danziger

Characterization of SPT grain size effects in gravels C.R. Daniel, J.A. Howie, R. G. Campanella & A. Sy

253

265

27 1

279

287

293

299

Intemational and European standards on geotechnical investigati an and testing for site characterization 307 V. Eitner, R. Katzenbach & F. Sto/ben

CPTU site characterization: offshore peninsular and East Malaysia experience 315 S.M. Fairuz, J. Rohani & T. Lunne

The repeatibility in results of Mack:intosh Pro be test 325 A. Fakher & M. Khodaparast

Application of the CPT to the characterization of a residual clay site 331 S.G. Fityus & L. Bates

Energy ratio measurement of SPT equipment 339 D-S. Kim, W-S. Seo, E-S. Bang

CPT-DMT interrelationships in Piedmont residuum 345 P. W Mayne & T. Liao

Energy measurements for standard penetration tests and the effects of the length of rods. 351 E. Odebrechr, F. Schnaid, M.M. Rocha & G.P. Bernardes

SPT-T: test procedure and applications 359 A.S.P. Peixoto, D. de Carvalho & H.L. Giacheti

Dynamic eone penetrometer to estimate subgrade resilient modulus for low volume roads design 367 A.M. Rahim & K.P. George

Soil profile interpretation based on similarity concept for CPTU data 373 F. Saboya .lr & D.J.G. Balbi

Centrifuge penetration tests in saturated layered sands 377 M.F. Silva & MD. Bo/ton

Sampling by drilling and excavations and groundwater measurements according to 385 EN ISO 22475 for geotechnical investigations and site characterization F. Sttilben, V. Eitner & H. Hojjmann

Undrained shear strength and OCR of marine clays from piezocone test results 391 F.A . Trevor & P. W Mayne

Results of a comparative study on eone resistance measurements 399 V. Whenham, N. Huybrechts, M. De Vas, J. Maertens, G. Simon & G. Va n Alboom

VIli ~ 2004 Millpress, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5966 009 9

2. GEOPHYSICAL METHODS APPUED TO GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Generai repo11: Geophysical methods applied to geotechnical engineering 409 S. Foti & A.P. Butcher

1SC'2 experimental sile investigation and characterization - Part 2: 419 from SH wavcs high resolution shallow rcncction to shallower GPR tests F. Almeida, H. Hermosilha, J.M. Carva/ho, A. Viano dn Fonseca & R. Moura

Quantitative resistivity mcthods for marine and tluvial site investigations 427 P. Brabers

ISC'2 experimental si te investigation - Pa11 l : conventional and tOrnographic P and 433 S waves refraction seismics vs. electrical resistivity J.M. Carvalho, A. Viano da Fonseca, F. Almeida & H. Hermosilha

The role of crosshole seismic tomography for sile characterization and grout injection evaluation 443 on Carmo convent foundations M.J. Coelho, F.M. Salgado & L. Fia/ho Rodrigues

Geophysical characterization for seepage potential assessment along lhe embankments of the Po River 451 C. Comino, S. Foti, L. V. Socco & C. Strobbia

The use of multichannel analysis of surface w a ves in determining G,.,.., for soft day 459 S. Donohue, M. Long, K. Gavin & P. O'Connor

Tbe use of electrical resistivity for detection of leacheate plurnes in waste disposal sites 467 V.R. Elis, G. Mondelli, H.L. Giacheri, A.S.P. Peixoto & J. Hamada

Wavelets in surface wave cavity detection - theoretical background and irnplementation 475 N. Gucunski, P. Shokouhi & A. Maher

Investigation of bridge foundation sites in karst terrane via multi-electrode electrical resistivity 483 D.R. Hiltunen & M.J.S. Roth

Monitoring water saturation gradient in a silty sand site using geophysicaltechniques 491 E. Kalantarian & D. Doser

Characterizing ground hazards induced by nistoric salt mining using ground-penetrating radar 497 B. Kulessa, A. Ru!fell & D. Glynn

Hydrogeological characterization by electrical resistivity surveys in granitic terrains 505 A.S. Lima & A.C. V. 0/iveira

Development of a TDR dielectric penetrometer 513 C-P. Lin, C-C. Chung & S-H. Tang

Joint acquisition of SWM and other seismic techniques in the ISC'2 experimental si te 521 l . Lopes, l. Moitinho, C. Strobbia, P. Teves-Costa, G.P. Deidda, M. Mendes & J.A. Samos

Decomposed rock mass characterization with crosshole seismic tomograpby at lhe Herofsmo 531 station si te (Porto) M. Oliveira & M.J. Coelho

Shear velocity mode! appraisal in shallow surface w ave inversion 539 A. O'Neill

Full waveform reflectivity for inversion of surface wave dispersion in shallow site investigations 547 A. O'Neill

Offshore geosciences for coastal infrastrucrure 555 J. Peuchen & W.M. NeSmith

A frarnework for inversion of wavefield spectra in se.ismic non-destructive testing of pavements 563 N. Ryden, P. Ulriksen & C.B. Park

Proceedings ISC'2 on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization, Viana da Fonseca & Mayne (ed s.) IX

Geoelectrical resislivity imaging of domestic waste disposal sites: Malaysian case study 571 A.R. Samsudin, U. Hamzah & WZ. W. Yaacob

The small strain stiffness of gold tailings 575 M. Theron, G. Heymann & C.R.I. Clayton

An assessment of heavy meta! contamination using electromagnetic survey in the solid waste 581 di sposai si te of Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil S. Tibana, L.A.C. Monteiro, E.L. dos Santos Nnior & F. T de Almeida

Geotechnical site characterization using surface waves, case studies from Belgium and the Netherlands 585 V. van Hoegaerden, R.S. Westerhoff. J.H. Brouwer & M.C. van der Rijst

Gcophysical methods and identification of embankment dam parameters O.K. Voronkov, A.A. Kagan. N.F. Krivotwgova, V.B. Glagovsky & V.S. Prokopovich

Application of advanced geophysical technologies to Jandslides and unstable slopes R.J. Whiteley

Resistivity imaging as a tool in shallow si te investigation - a case study R. Wisén, T Dahfin & E. Auken

Evaluation of grouting effect with seisrnic tomography considering grouting mechanism Y. Yamaguchi & H. Satoh

3. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGJES AND EQUIPMENT

593

601

607

6 15

Generai rep011': Innovative technologies and equipment 625 M. Long & K.K. Phoon

The use of rnicrotremors for soil and site categorization in Thessaloniki city, Greece 635 P. Apostolidis, D. Raptakis, M. Manakou & K. Pitilakis

New de-coupled shear wave source for the SCPT test 643 L. Areias, W. Haegeman & W.F. Van lmpe

Comparing 360° televising of drill hole walls with core Jogging 647 R. T Baillot, N. Barton, R . Abrahiio & A. Ribeiro Jr.

Developments of a full displacement pressuremeter for municipal solid waste site investigations 657 in Brazil L.A.L. Belw, TM.P. de Campos, J.T Araruna & B.G. Clarke

Rock characterization using drilling pararneters 665 J. Benoft, S.S. Sadkowski & W.A. Bothner

Penetration resistance in soft clay for different shaped penetrometers 67 L S.F. Chung & M.F. Randolph

Evaluation ofthe undrained shear strength profile in soft layered clay using full-flow probes 679 l. T. DeJong, N.J. Yafrate, D.J. DeGroot & J. Jakubowski

Rapid si te assessment wiÙl the electrical conductivity probe fiexible approach for rapid and 687 deep site investigation M.P. Harkes, E.E. van der Hoek & J.J. van Meerten

A framework for using textured friction sleeves at sites traditionally problematic for CPT 693 G.L. Hebeler, J .D. Frost & J.D. Shinn Il

Thin layer and interface characterization by YisCPT 701 R.D. Hryciw & S. Shin

Evaluation of shear wave velocity profile using SPT based uphole test 707 D-S. Kim, E-S. Bang, W-S. Seo

x © 2004 Millpress, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5966 009 9

Suitability of using Jwasaki's P~. in characterization of liquefaction darnages during 713 the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake, Taiwan C.P. Kuo, M. Chang, S.H. Shau & R.E. Hsu

T-bar testing in lrish soils 719 M. Long & G.T. Gudjonsson

Si te characterìzation and QA/QC of deep dynarnic cornpaction using an instrurnented dilatometer 727 H.J. Mìller, K.P. Stetson & J. Benoft

Soil-rock sounding with MWD- a modero technique to investigate hard soils and rocks 733 B. Moller, U. Bergdahl & K. Elmgren

A new in-situ apparatus: the geomecharneter 741 J. Monnet & S.M. Senouci

Permeability of sand sediment soil determined by the pressure infiltrometer test 749 T. Morii, Y. Takeshita & M. lnoue

Adapted T-bar penetrometer versus CPT to determine undrained shear strengths ofDutch soft soils 757 O. Oung, J. W. G. Van der Vegt, L. Tiggelman & H. E. Brassinga

Development of seisrnic site characterization method using harmonic wavelet analysis of wave 767 (HWAW) method H-C. Park & D-S. Kim

Use of dilatometer and dual dilatometer test for soft soils and peats 775 P.P. Rahardjo, Y. Halim & L. Sentosa

Field evaluation of the LCPC in-situ triaxial test 783 Ph. Reiffsteck

CPTWD (Cone Penetration Test While Drilling) a new method for deep geotechnical surveys 787 M. Sacchetto, A. Trevisan, K. Elmgren & K. Melander

Enhanced access penetration system: a direct push system for difficult si te conditions 795 J.D. Shinn Il & J. W. Haas Ili

Use of a radioisotope eone to characterìze a lurnpy fiH 801 T.S. Tan, M. Karthikeyan, K.K. Phoon, G.R. Dasari & M. Mimura

Development of a carrier tool for a multi-method investigation of brownfield sites 809 P. Wotschke & S. Friedel

4. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN INTERPRETATION OF IN-SITU DATA

Generai report: New developments in the interpretation of in-situ test data 819 B. Lehane & M. Fahey

Discussion report: Benefit of new developments in interpretation of in-situ data 825 J. Peuchen

Calibration chamber size and boundary effects for CPT 'le measurements 829 M.M. Ahmadi & P.K. Robertson

State-space seisrnic eone minimurn variance deconvolution 835 E.J. Baziw

The effects of vibration on the penetration resistance and pore water pressure in sands 843 J. Bonita, J.K. Mitchel/ & T.L. Brandon

In-situ testing and foundation engineering: recent contributions 853 J-L. Briaud

Proceedings ISC'2 on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization, Viana da Fonseca & Mayne (eds.) Xl

Disturbance cffects of field vane tests in a varved clay A.B. Cerato & A.J. Lurenegger

Assessment of cyclic stabi lily of cohesive deposirs using eone penetration R. Debasis

High resolution stratigraphic and sedimentological analysis of Llobregat delta nearby Barcelona from CPT & CPTU tests M.J. Devincenzi, S. Colàs. J.L. Casam01; M . Canals, O. Falivene & P. Busquets

861

869

877

Fractal analysis of CPT data 885 J .A. Dfaz-Rodrfguez & P. Moreno-Carriza/es

Neural networks in soil characterization 889 W. Ding & J.Q. Shang

Cylindrical cavity expansion modeling for interpretation of eone penetration tests 897 F. Elmi & J.L. Fa v re

Stratigrapbic profiling by cluster analysis and fuzzy soil classification from mechanical eone 905 penetration tests J. Facciorusso & M. Uzielli

Site variability, risk, and beta 913 R.A. Failmezger, P.l. Bullock & R .L. Handy

A case study using in-situ testing to develop soil parameters for finite-element analyses 921 E. Farouz, 1- Y. Chen & R.A. Failmezger

Using a non linear constitutive law to compare Menard PMT and PLT E-moduli 927 A. Gomes Correia, A. Antiio & M . Gambin

Computational and pbysical basis for dynamic characterization using Love waves 935 B.B. Guzina, A.I. Madyarov & R .H. Osburn

Effect of ageing on shear wave velocity by seismic eone 943 J.A. Howie & A. Amini

Dissipation test evaluation witb a point-symmetrical consolidation mode! 951 E. lmre & P. R6zsa

Feasibility of neural network application for detennination of undrained shear strength of clay 957 from piezocone measurements Y-S. Kim

Measurement of in-situ deformability in bard rock 963 D. Labrie, B. Conlon, T. Anderson & R.F. Boyle

Estimation of shear strengtb increase beneath embankments by seismic cross-hole tomography 971 R. Larsson & H. Mattson

Statistica! evaluation of the dependence of the liquidity index and undrained shear strength of 979 CPTU parameters in cohesive soils J. Liszkowski, M. Tschuschke, Z. Miynarek & W. Tschuschke

CPTU - replication test in post flotation sediments 987 Z. Miynarek, W. Tschuschke & T. Lunne

Evaluation of tbe coefficient of subgrade reaction for design of multipropped diaphragm walls 993 from DMT moduli P. Monaco & S. Marchetti

Evaluation of SCPTU intra-correlations at sand sites in the Lower Mississipi River Valley, USA 1003 J.A. Schneider, A. V. McGillivray & P. W. Mayne

Xli © 2004 Millpress, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5966 009 9

Risk assessmem for contaminated tropical soil A.C. Strava Correa & N. More ira de Souza

An examination of the engineering properties an d the eone factor of soils from East Asia M. 7ànaka &li. Tanaka

The regional information system 'Databank Ondergrond Vlaanderen - DOV ' / . Vergauwen, P. De Schrijver & G. Van A/boom

/N D/C ES

Keyword index

Author index

1011

1019

1025

Proceedings ISC'2 on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization, Viana da Fonseca & Mayne (eds.) Xlii