geospatial systems architecture todd bacastow. views of a system architecture iso reference model of...
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Geospatial Systems Architecture
Todd Bacastow
Views of a System Architecture
• ISO Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP)
– Enterprise Viewpoint: It is directed to the needs of the users of an information system.
– Information Viewpoint: It focuses on the information content of the enterprise.
– Computational Viewpoint: It deals with the logical partitioning of the distributed applications independent of any specific distributed environment on which they run.
– Engineering Viewpoint: It addresses the issues of system support (platform) for distributed applications.
– Technology Viewpoint: The technology model identifies possible technical artifacts for the engineering mechanisms, computational structures, information structures, and enterprise structures.
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What is an architecture?
• A system architecture is the conceptual design that defines the structure and/or behavior of a system
• There is no universally agreed definition• Systems architecture can best be thought of as a
representation• Maybe expressed in hardware, software, or
organizational management• It is also a process because a sequence of steps• It can also be a discipline
Geospatial architecture
• Geospatial architecture is a strategic blueprint
• Broadly, geospatial architecture effort addresses the following views:
– business activities and processes,
– data sets and information flows, and
– services.
Analogies
• Consider a community that maintains an infrastructure for a public service to homes and businesses. This infrastructure might include:
– Electricity producers– Drinking water purification and distribution– Sewage treatment– Other waste disposal– Natural gas distribution– Public transport– Cable television and telephones– Roads and toll ways
Product Families
Autodesk ESRI Intergraph MapInfo Smallworld
Viewer AutoCAD LT
ArcReader GeoMedia Viewer ProViewer Custom
Desktop World ArcView GeoMedia MapInfo Professional
Spatial Intelligence
Profess-ional
AutoCAD / Map
ArcEditorArcInfo
GeoMedia Pro MapInfo Professional
Smallworld GIS
Hand-held
OnSite ArcPad IntelliWhere MapXtend Scout
Database Server
GIS Server
ArcSDE Uses Oracle Spatial
SpatialWare Part of Smallworld GIS
Component
In several products
MapObjects
Part of GeoMedia MapX, MapJ Part of Smallworld GIS
Internet MapGuide ArcIMS GeoMedia Web Map, GeoMedia Web Enterprise
MapXtreme, MapXSite
Smallworld Internet Applic- ation Server
CAD AutoCAD Map
In several products
In several products
In several products
Part of Smallworld GIS
Number ofUsers
CostInternetViewer
ComponentHand-heldDesktop
Professional
Functionality
GIS Software Classification
0 1000000 2000000 3000000
Users
Internet
Viewer
Component
Hand-held
Desktop
Professional
Type of Software System
GIS Market
ArcSDE Unifies Spatial Data Access
• ArcGIS Desktop ApplicationsArcGIS Desktop Applications
• ArcIMS , ArcExplorer, ArcPadArcIMS , ArcExplorer, ArcPad
• MapObjects MapObjects
• Third-Party applicationsThird-Party applications
SQL ServerSQL Server OracleOracle InformixInformix IBM DB2IBM DB2
ArcSDE Services
Enterprise GIS
Organizations expect to... • Leverage existing spatial data (eliminate silos)
• Integrate spatial data with core business data • Incorporate spatial into workflow between
departments (for a city…tax assessor, appraisal, DPW, police, fire, IT)
• Deploy IT standards to all their data• Move client / server GIS apps to the web and
wireless devices• Benefit from scalability and security
First, Spatially Enable The Data…
ArcSDEArcSDE
Data Is Independent of Application
ArcIMSArcIMSArcGISArcGIS
SQL ServerSQL ServerSQL ServerSQL Server
High Availability, High Performance, Secure, Scalable
Next, publish the information
ArcReaderArcReader
A New ExtensionA New Extension
PublisherPublisher
ArcMapArcMap
DataDataMXDMXD
PMFPMF
How? Distributed GIS
• Consume and expose Web services for:
– Mapping
– Metadata
– Data sharing and distribution
– Geoprocessing
• Provide standard services and components for web developer
(.Net, “generic XML/SOAP”, or Java API’s)
GIS Internet Enterprise
Web Server
DatabasesDatabases
BrokerBroker
BrowsersBrowsers
Web
ApplicationsApplications
Emerging GIS Internet Enterprise
Web Server
Databases
Broker
Browsers
Web
Applications
Services
Distributed GIS Development
• New Concept – g.net architecture– leveraging emerging web technologies
• Web services– GIS technology for applications over the web
• Mapping
• Metadata
• GIS Functionality
– Spatial Data sharing and distribution
• Extends ArcGIS System concept– Desktop Applications
– Back Office Servers
– Distributed “Services” via the Internet
G.net Architecture Building Blocks
GIS Portal
GIS Portal
• Network architecture
(Distributed)
• Loosely Coupled
• Internet Standards
• Many GeoServices
• Many Clients
• Metadata Servers
• Open / Interoperable
• Full GIS capabilities
GIS Users
GIS PortalMetadata
Server
Searc
h Cat
alog
and
Searc
h Cat
alog
and
Find
Find
Publish GIS Data & Publish GIS Data & ServicesServices
Document in CatalogDocument in Catalog
Connect and U
se
Connect and U
se
Checkout and U
se
Checkout and U
seWorld Wide Web
Author, Manage, Serve Geographic Information Collections
Author, Manage, Serve Catalogs
“Software for G.Net”
GIS GIS ClientsClients
GIS GIS ClientsClients
GIS Web GIS Web ServicesServices
GIS Web GIS Web ServicesServices
ArcGIS
Used to build
• Data
• Maps
• Models
• Applications
• Metadata
ArcGIS
Used to build
• Data
• Maps
• Models
• Applications
• Metadata
ArcIMS
• Serve GIS
• Data
• Maps
• Apps
ArcIMS
• Serve GIS
• Data
• Maps
• Apps
ArcGIS
• Author and Manage Metadata
• Build Catalog
ArcGIS
• Author and Manage Metadata
• Build Catalog
Array of GIS Clients
Access and use GIS data and services
• ArcReader
• Map Objects for Java
• ArcGIS Desktop & Extensions
• ArcPad
Array of GIS Clients
Access and use GIS data and services
• ArcReader
• Map Objects for Java
• ArcGIS Desktop & Extensions
• ArcPad
ArcSDE
Used to manage
• Data
• Metadata
• Transactions
ArcSDE
Used to manage
• Data
• Metadata
• Transactions
ArcSDE
Used to manage and distribute
• Metadata
ArcSDE
Used to manage and distribute
• Metadata
ArcIMS
• Manage Metadata
• Provide Search Services
ArcIMS
• Manage Metadata
• Provide Search Services
MetadatMetadata & a &
Catalog Catalog ServicesServices
MetadatMetadata & a &
Catalog Catalog ServicesServices
Market Forces Are Driving Change
• Organizations are moving and consolidating spatial data into relational databases to improve interoperability
• Organizations are moving client/server mapping applications to the web and looking to web services for the future
• Organizations are integrating spatial data analysis and map visualization into key business applications to improve decision making and service delivery
Views of a System Architecture
• ISO Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP)
– Enterprise Viewpoint: It is directed to the needs of the users of an information system.
– Information Viewpoint: It focuses on the information content of the enterprise.
– Computational Viewpoint: It deals with the logical partitioning of the distributed applications independent of any specific distributed environment on which they run.
– Engineering Viewpoint: It addresses the issues of system support (platform) for distributed applications.
– Technology Viewpoint: The technology model identifies possible technical artifacts for the engineering mechanisms, computational structures, information structures, and enterprise structures.
Architecture Development.
Steps
• Defining Architecture Requirements. – to enable the system to meet the community’s
goals and objectives.
• Defining a Candidate Architectures.– to evolve an architecture gradually.
• Defining Enterprise Architecture. – integrate it into an enterprise architecture
model.
• Defining Reference Architecture.– a working example designed and proven for
use in by the participants
• Validating a Reference Architecture.