geomorphology of kentucky – potential impact on land-use and watersheds william m andrews jr.,...
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Geomorphology of Kentucky –Potential Impact on Land-use and Watersheds
William M Andrews Jr., Ph.D., P.G.Head, Geologic Mapping Section
Kentucky Geological Survey
CPE Summer PD 2014University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky
Monday, June 23, 2014
Landform Regions
Soils
Land-Use Patterns
Geology
Geology &Geomorphology
Chemistry
Biology &Paleontology
Physics
Economics
Culture &Sociology
History
Politics
Engineering &Construction
Transportation
Ecology
AgricultureLand Use
Hazards
Soils
Geotechnical
Landforms
ResourcesGeology &
Geomorphology
Hydrology
BLUEGRASS REGION
• Calcareous shales, Outer Bluegrass (Ordovician)• Interbedded Limestones-Shales (Ordovician)• Phosphatic Limestones, Inner Bluegrass
(Ordovician)• Alluvial• Colluvial • Glacial till, northern KY (Quaternary)
Inner Bluegrass
Outer Bluegrass
Dominantly Limestone
Limestone and Shale
Phosphate-rich Limestone
Fayette County stone fences
Franklin County distillery
Fayette County horse farm
Modern horse farms only in limited area
Historical records suggest wider distribution in past
Certain areas better suited for horses, geologically.
Geology of Horse Farms
KNOBS REGION
• Calcareous gray shales (Silurian) • Acid black and gray shales (Devonian)• Dolomitic sandstones (Mississippian)• Lacustrine sediments (Quaternary)• Alluvial• Colluvial
Berea “Skyline”
Knobs
SandstonePlatform
Shale and SiltstoneSlopes
Limestone Caprock
LimestoneCaprock
Black shale
Diagram of Muldraugh Hill and Development of the Knobs area. Muldraugh Hill is a cuesta, or escarpment, capped with Middle Mississippian limestones and sandstones.
The Knobs are erosion remnants carved by stream erosion. Initially they may be flat-topped, but as the resistant cap is removed and softer shales and siltstones are exposed to weathering processes they take the shape of cones.
MOUNTAIN & EASTERN COALFIELDS REGION
• Sandstones (Pennsylvanian)• Shales (Pennsylvanian)• Siltstones (Pennsylvanian)• Alluvial • Colluvial
Harlan County coal mine
Appalachian Plateau coal fields
