geometric blind · 2017-12-21 · shoot 3 agent shoot 4 agent bio-inspired rules for innovative...
TRANSCRIPT
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GEOMETRIC CHALLENGES
FOR THE BLIND
WATCHMAKER
Sanjiv SharmaHenry Bucklow
Geoff ButlinAlan McDonald
Mark PriceTrevor Robinson
Wei Zhang
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• Investigations
• Implementation
• Inspiration
BIO-INSPIRED GENERATIVE
DESIGN SYSTEMS
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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ORDER FROM CHAOS
Simple Rules - Extraordinary Results.
3 Rules for Flocking:
SEPARATIONavoid crowding neighbours (short range repulsion)
1
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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ORDER FROM CHAOS
Simple Rules - Extraordinary Results.
3 Rules for Flocking:
ALIGNMENTsteer towards average heading of neighbours
2
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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ORDER FROM CHAOS
Simple Rules - Extraordinary Results.
3 Rules for Flocking:
COHESIONsteer towards average position of neighbours
(long range attraction)
3
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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BIO-INSPIRED
Plant Seed
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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Bridge Seed
F=ma [F] = [K][d]
𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑘=1
𝑚
𝑓𝑖,𝑗 = 0
Newton’s 3 laws
BIO-INSPIRED
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
Darwin’s laws
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ETHOS
• Create a new autonomous design process
• Radically change roles and activities
in the manufacturing organisation
• Embrace emergent behaviour
for design innovation
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
• Rethink design rules and processes
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• Obtaining a working set of growth rules for
component seeds to allow components to merge
from the activity i.e. does the Mandelbrot effect arise
where some order appears from blind actions?
CHALLENGE 1
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CHALLENGE 2
• Defining stimuli that will make the component
seeds grow and establishing if that growth can be
controlled via the stimuli.
GRAVITY?
STRESS?
COST?
ENERGY?
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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CHALLENGE 3
• Capturing emergent behaviour into a working set
of parameters that can interact with existing design
& manufacturing systems - i.e. is there a set
of parameters which
will define a CAD
model?
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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PROGRESS SUMMARY
• AGENTS
• INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
• INVESTIGATIONS
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AGENTS
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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AGENTS
• Agent has:
• (i) A Belief set: what the agent believes to be true
• (ii) An Event: describes an occurrence in response to which the agent must take action
• (iii) A Plan: the instructions the agent follows to try to achieve its goals and handle its designated events, and
• (iv) A Capability: the functional components that make up an agent to be aggregated and reused
Seed Agent
Creates/Spawns
Shoot 1 AgentCreates/Spawns Creates/Spawns
Creates/Spawns
Shoot 2 Agent
Shoot 3 Agent
Shoot 4 Agent
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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AGENTS
• Agents linked to CAD entities• Each agent represents a CAD entity line
Seed Agent
Opens CAD system
Shoot 1 Agent
[1,0,0,0,0]
Creates/Spawns
Creates/Spawns
Creates/Spawns
Shoot 2 Agent
[1,0,0,0,0]
Shoot 3 Agent
[1,0,0,0,0]
CAD system
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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WHAT IS A GENE?
• Design Seed: is a collection of design genes
which characterise a complete product.
• Tree-like gene = [ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]
Gene Function Value Action
Grow 1 Grow in a direction
Branch 1 Split / fork
Stem 1 Grow vertically only
Leaf 0 Form a surface
Thicken 1 Allowed to get thicker
Seed
Node
Shoot [1,0,0,0,0]
Shoot [1,1,0,0,0]
Shoot [0,0,0,0,0]
Shoot [0,0,0,0,0]
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
• Design Gene: is a vector, string or sequence, of binary
values which represents the total behaviour of the design.
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Non-split; grow along any directions
until a growth criterion is satisfied
Shoot
Seed Seed
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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Split; grow along any directions until a split condition
met, then the shoots split, each with its own new
direction and magnitude set.
Branch
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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Blind actions……
• Unknown growth occurs in response to stimuli
• Every element persists for the life of the design
• Every element makes its own blind actions,
unaware of the overall design
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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INTEGRATED SYSTEM
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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PROPOSED SYSTEM SCHEMATIC
Bringing it all together!
Existing Knowledge
Stimuli
Environment
CAD
System
Seeds
(Agents)Manufacturing
enterprise
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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ADVANCED MANUFACTURING
CAD models can be 3D printedDesign process to exploit the abilities of novel manufacturing
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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POTENTIAL IMPACT
Seed Agent
New Organisational and Manufacturing
Contexts
Factory
HQ
Suppliers
Enriched
engagement with
stakeholders
Happy Customer
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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INVESTIGATIONS
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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( , )min ( , )xse d ye S S
s gS
T G G V
□ Core algorithm
● Given growth functions for length and angle
While growth step Gs < Gg
If condition 1 is satisfied
Set design gene type 1 on
Update length and angle using growth function 1
Else
Set design gene type 2 on
Update length and angle using growth function 2
End
End
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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0 20 40 60 80 100-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25Y
X
Branch
Trunk
Support
Seed
(40,25)
(0,0)(100,0)
Grow along a random direction and/or length
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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Grow up or down only
Stem
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Seed
(40,25)
(100,0)
Support B
Y
Shoot 1
Shoot 2
Seed
X
Support A
(0,0)
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 20 40 60 80 100-3
0
3
6
9
12
15
(0,0)
Support A Support B
(100,0)
Shoot 1
Shoot 2
Shoot 3
Shoot 4
Shoot 5
Shoot 6
Shoot 7
Shoot 8
Seed
X
Y
Seed (45,15)
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
• With simple control rules, it is easy to create familiar
structures, like frameworks.
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GENES FOR GROWTH
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
• Branch at the beginning andthen grows towards supports
• Branch at the beginning, – 1 shoot with stem gene active
– Stem branches and grows towards support
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-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
X
Y
Seed
Leaf
Vein
Branch
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
5
10
15
20
25
X
Y
Seed
Leaf
Vein
Branch
Split; grow along any directions; a surface is formed
using all end points of each branch and seed
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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(0) 60angle (0) 50angle
(0) 40angle (0) 30angle
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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Left: circle; right: hyperbola A Left and right: hyperbola A
Left: circle; right: hyperbola B Left: hyperbola A; right: hyperbola B
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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Split step 3, number of branch 2 Split step 3, number of branch 2
Split step 3, number of branch 3 Split step 9, number of branch 3
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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α = 40°, β=20°, L=3, split step 9 α = 90°, β=30°, L=3, split step 9
α = 90°, β=10°, L=3, split step 9 α = 10°, β=10°, L=3, split step 15
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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3D
X-Z Y-Z
X-Y
No contact between endpoints and the surface of aforbidden domain except the initial touched point
3D CASE: alpha = 15° bate = 30°, split step = 9
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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Case 1
Case 3 Case 4
Case 2
PARAMETER STUDY: angle and split step
alpha = 45˚, beta = 45˚, split step = 11z alpha = 10°, beta = 120°, split step = 9
alpha = 30°, beta = 30°, split step = 6 alpha = 30°, beta = 60°, split step = 6
Angle and split step can regulate the
growth of design
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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3D CASE: alpha = 25° beta = 60°, split step = 7
Some endpoints can
touch the surface of a
forbidden domain
3D
X-Z Y-Z
X-Y
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
Uniformly distributed load
𝜎 ሻma x(i,j =𝑀 ሻma x(i,j
𝐼𝑖,𝑗𝑦 = (𝑞𝑙𝑖,𝑗
2 /2ሻ/(𝜋D𝑖,𝑗3 / 32ሻ > 𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤
Branch point S1
● Inner loop: update maximum stresses of each section
𝑈T(𝑖ሻ = 𝑈T 𝑖−1 − 𝑈strain 𝑖 = 𝑈T 𝑖−1 − 0𝐿 ሻ𝑀(𝑥 2
2𝐸𝐼𝑑𝑥 > 0
● Outer loop: update total energy using strain energy
𝐷1 𝐷2 𝐷3 𝐷4
𝐷4
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Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
𝐷𝑖,𝑗 =3 16𝑞𝑙𝑖,𝑗
2
𝜋𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝐷𝑖,𝑗 = 𝐷𝑖,𝑗 ∙ 𝑓𝐷
𝑙𝑖,𝑗 =𝜋𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝐷𝑖,𝑗−1
3
16𝑞− 𝑙𝑖,𝑗−1
𝑙𝑖,𝑗 = 𝑙𝑖,𝑗 ∙ 𝑓𝑙 𝑖𝑓 𝑗 = 1
Update length and diameter
Growth factor
i: growth step; j: index of
emerged beams
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Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
The growth stops when
the total energy consumed
nearly to 0
▼ Animation of the
growth process
Energy history of the growth process
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Growth with random branches
Environment: Uniformly distributed load q=3× 105N/m
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Growth with complementary energy
□ Basic idea
● Calculate complementary energy
using leaf area and a coefficient:
● Update total energy using strain
energy and complementary energy :
U𝒄(𝒊ሻ = f𝒄 ∙ Ai𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒕
𝑼𝑻(𝒊ሻ = 𝑼𝑻 𝒊−𝟏 −𝑼𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝒊 + U𝒄(𝒊ሻ
Determine leaf area Ai𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒕using end points in each growth
step, so as to calculate complementary energy
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Comparison of growth with and without supplement energy
Supplement energy added by leaf surface
using U𝒄(𝒊ሻ = f𝒄 ∙ Ai𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒕 .
More growth steps can be guaranteed by
supplement energy, so that complex
structures should be formed.
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Growth with branches and complementary energy
initial θ0= 15°, determinate branches, (a):final shape; (b) animation
(a)
initial θ0= 60°, random branches, (a):final shape; (b) animation
(a)
(b)
(b)
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GEOMETRY CHALLENGES
• How can a useful parameterization be extracted?
• Dealing with multi-disciplinary mixed dimensional
simulations?
• System architecture always changing – requires dynamic
CAD representations?
• System elements always changing – requirement for
persistence.
• Search space increases exponentially – scalable
solutions?
Bio-Inspired Rules for Innovative Design
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THANK YOU!We are very grateful to our partners, Airbus, Glen Dimplex, ITI,
and our funders EPSRC for their funding through the “Design
the Future” programme.