geology and manifestations of geothermal in the dieng plateau central · pdf filegeology and...

GEOLOGY AND MANIFESTATIONS OF GEOTHERMAL

IN THE DIENG PLATEAU

CENTRAL JAVA

Helmy Murwanto, Sutarto, Susepty Triwidyana, and Bambang Pratistho*)

*) Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology Mineral UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

GEOHERITAGE SEMINAR

LANGKAWI

2015

1. INTRODUCTION

Presentation Outline

2. GEOLOGY REGIONAL

6. CONCLUSION

3. GEOLOGY OF DIENG PLATEAU

4. GEOHERITAGE SITE

5. ARCHEOLOGIC SITE

INTRODUCTION

• "Dieng Plateau" is a complex of volcanoes, with a wide range of geothermal manifestations such as: hot springs, fumarola, solfatara, mudpool, hot lake, and altered rocks.

• Many of geological sites such as manifestation of geothermal, beautiful natural scenery, cool weather, the discovery of sites archaeological century VII-X, as well as cultural peculiarities like dreadlocks, fruit trees carica, and a potato field, making the Dieng Plateau has the appeal to be visited, studied and preserved as Cultural Geological Park.

Background

INTRODUCTION

• The purpose of this study was to determine the geological conditions andidentify the spread of geothermal manifestations and landscape as the sitegeology and distribution of cultural sites "archeology" and other objectssupporting into a potential tourist destination and cultural terrestrial.

Objective

INTRODUCTION

• Dieng area is administratively a part oftwo regions, the first part is Dieng Kulon Region (Dieng West) located in Banjarnegara District and the other one is DiengWetan Region (East Dieng) located in the Wonosobo District, Central Java Province.

Location

REGIONAL GEOLOGY

• Dieng Plateau is part of the Quaternary volcanic arc on the island of Java, asinactive phase volcano.

Magmatism and Volcanism

DIENG PLATEAU

CENTRAL JAVA

REGIONAL GEOLOGY

• Physiographically of Central Java area was divided into five (5) zone(van Bemmelen, 1949) , successively from north to south are :

• Alluvial plains of North Java Zone

• North Serayu Zone

• Quaternary volcanoes Zone

• Mountains of South Serayu - Dome of Kulon Progo Zone and

• Southern Mountains Zone

Physiography

Physiographic map of Java and Central Java (bottom) according to

van Bemmelen (1949)

Complex Dieng Volcano seen from the north side of the sistrict of Batang

GEOLOGICAL MAP OF DIENG

GEOLOGY OF THE DIENG PLATEAU

• Sukhyar, et al (1986), divides the volcanic rocks in the complex volcanic Dienginto three units, namely Old Dieng, Adult Dieng and Young Dieng. Stratigraphicsequences from old to young is as follows:

• Old Dieng : Blado Lava, Rogojembangan Lava, Ngesong Lava, KemulanLava, Sidongkal Lava, Jimat Lava, Tlerep Lava, Prahu Lava, Prahupyroclastic fall deposit.

• Midle Dieng : Sidede Lava, Bisma Lava, Lotus Lava, Peterangan Lava, Nagasari Lava, Menjer Phreatic deposit , Butak Lava, Sipandu Lava, Pangonan Lava, Sipandu Lava, Dringo Lava, Dringo Phreatic Deposit, DiengPyroclastic Fall deposit.

• Young Dieng : Kubah Lava, Prambanan Lava, Pakuwaja Lava, falling Igirbinem pyroclastic fall deposit, Kunir lava, Pakuwaja 2 Lava, Kunir Lava, Kendil Lava, Watusumbul Lava, Sikunang 1 Lava, Sikungan 2 Lava, Sikidang – Siterus Phreatic deposit, Sileri phreatic deposit of 1944, Sinilaphreatic deposit of 1979. While covering the surface of the sediment Nagasari Avalanches deposit, Sidongkal Avalanches Deposit, and Alluvial.

Volcanostratigraphy

Geological maps of Dieng area according R.Sukhyar, NSSuwanto Digmura and W.Bffendi (without scale)

GEOLOGICAL SITE FOR HERITAGE

• In the Dieng area there are may of geothermal manifestations such as hot springs, hot lake, fumaroles, solfatara, altered rock and mud pool.

• In addition to the geothermal manifestations, in the Dieng plateau also found many relics of temples, which are scattered among geothermal manifestations, including Arjuna temple complex, Bima temple, and Ghatotkacha temple.

• To facilitate tourists in understanding the geologic history and archeology in the Dieng plateau, it has now been built Dieng Plateau Theater that plays all the events that have occurred in Dieng and Museum "Kailasa" to store the artifacts found in Dieng.

CRATER LAYOUT AND TEMPLE DIENG


• At this location there are manifestations in the form of geothermal hot lake who shows air bubbles on the surface of the lake. This indicates that the region still showed activity magmatism, that is hydrothermal processes that emit vapors containing sulfur. The water temperature in Telaga Warna 25°C and has an acidic pH is 2.7.

• The content of sulfur and possibly other elements, which led to this lake colorful from blue to green yellowish and sometimes brownish, especially if exposed to sunlight.

Color Lake

Pyroxene diorite Tumbu hill

Hornblende Microdiorite Randu Kuning hill

Pyroxene diorite Geblag hill

Quartz Diorite

Picture lleft: The appearance of color lake

and Merdada lake seen from the Google

Earth satellite imagery.

Picture Below: The appearance of color lake

that shows the appearance of colorful water.


• At this location found the manifestations of geothermal such as mud pool, solfatara and altered rock. Mud pool in the Sikidang crater has a temperature of 81°C and an acidic pH is 2.6. Indicated manifestations of geothermal has a reservoir system which is domination by vapor and water. At mudpool, mud that contains a lot of water, continue boiling and emited visible thick smoke, the smell of sulfur was overpowering.

• Mud pool has a length of approximately 25 m and a width of around 8 m with a depth of about 2 m mud surface. To maintain the visitors safety, this mudpool given a bamboo fence.

• Around the large mudpool there are some appearance of some solfataradischarge point on the surface with the pungent smell of sulfur. Small holes where the discharge of solfatara found many sulfur deposit that form a smooth crystals yellow colored.

Sikidang Crater

Sikidang craters on the slopes of Mount Pangonan its distribution follows the pattern structure.




Quartz Diorite

Appearance mud pool in Crater Sikidang. Inset photo is the appearance of sulfur deposition

Fracture structure control the symptoms of solfatara.

Mini mudpole used to poach eggs attractions.


• At this location also found the manifestations of geothermal such as fumaroles and rock alteration. Fumaroles in the crater Sileri temperature of 50°C-70°C and has a pH near neutral is 6.7. This usually characterize that this location has a system of reservoirs and water vapor dominance.

• Sileri crater is a crater of the most dangerous among other craters in the Dieng plateau. Recorded in 1944, 1964, 1984, 2003 and 2009 Crater Silerinever explode resulting in casualties and damage to the surrounding. Besides disasters caused, Crater Sileri had great energy in the form of geothermal power or geothermal beneficial use as a power plant.

Sileri Crater




Quartz Diorite

Appearance of fumaroles in the Sibanteng crater (left)

and the manifestation of fumaroles in the Sileri crater (right).

ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE

• Dieng is derived from the word "Dihyang" which means the place of the ancestors. The temples are located in the Dieng plateau which is a Hindu temple, named as the Mahabharata, like Arjuna temple, Ghatotkachatemple, Dwarawati temple, Bima temple, Semar temple, Sembadratemple, Srikandi temple, and Puntadewa temple. Figure who built temples in Dieng can not be ascertained, because the records at 12 stone inscription no one explained who actually build these temples.

• On one of the stone inscriptions found, put the figure of 731 Caka (809 M) and 1210 M. From the architecture of temples in Dieng complex is different than the temples are common in Java.

Temples complex




Quartz Diorite

Arjuna temple complex appearance

Bima temple is an old Hindu temple (8th century),

located on the northern slope of Mount Pangonan

Arjuna temple complex was built in 8th -9th century, built on a former lake plateau landform.

The remaining traces of the lake, in the background by caldera wall of Mount Prahu.

Site road to the Dieng temple complex built in the 8th century, called "Ondo Budo" by the public.

The stone wall as a border of Dieng temple complex region still remaining.

MUSEUM AND THEATRE

• Dieng Museum "Kailasa" was built and inaugurated by the Minister of Culture and Tourism dated July 28th , 2008, located in a Arca building complex owned Archaeological Heritage Preservation Hall Central Java, near Temple Ghatotkacha.

• Kailasa is the name of a mountain abode of Lord Shiva. Why this name is used to name the Museum in Dieng, because archaeological Diengcharacterized by worship of Lord Shiva, who can be identified from existing temples and inscriptions found.

• Like Dieng Plateau Theater, Kailasa Museum contains various kinds of information that occurred in the Dieng Plateau, began the story of artifacts, stories about the geology, flora and fauna, the daily life of the trust, and Dieng art. If Dieng Plateau Theater more telling about the history of geology, Museum Dieng "Kailasa" more shows and tells about the artifacts contained in Dieng.

“Kailasa” Museum




Quartz Diorite

The appearance of the building Kailasa Dieng Museum (above). Lower left photo shows the museum building up and some collections in it (bottom right).

MUSEUM AND THEATRE

• Dieng Plateau Theatre which is a small cinema built on a hill near the lake color.

• This mini cinema documentary play that happened in the Dieng Plateau. The documentary is titled "Dieng State Khayangan(god abode)" contains about geological processes of the Dieng Plateau, the natural potential, Diengcharm attractions, tragedy of Sinila crater that killed hundreds of peoples in 1979, and traditional art of shaving ruwatandreadlocks.

• Before a visit to some geological sites, it would be better to visiting and watching thisdocumentary.

Dieng Plateau Theatre

Fruit plants typical of the Dieng plateau, Carica.




Quartz Diorite

Islamic and Hindu cultural footprint that are in the Dieng Plateau.




Quartz Diorite

Dieng temple complex after restoration reused for Hindu worship.

CONCLUSION

• Dieng Plateau is a Quaternary volcanic complex that exhibit many the manifestations of geothermal such as hot springs, hot lake, fumaroles, solfatara, altered rock and mud pool. Many manifestations in the beautiful highlands panoramic, is very attractive as a tourist destination.

• Many relics of temples, which are scattered among the manifestations of geothermal, as the Arjuna temple complex, Bima temple, and the Ghatotkacha temple, adds to the appeal Dieng as a destination for special interest tourism, especially tourists who have a particular interest in the science of geology and archeology.

• To facilitate tourists in understanding the geologic history and archeology in the Dieng plateau, then the construction of the DiengPlateau Theater that plays all the events that have occurred in Diengand Museum "Kailasa" to store the artifacts found in Dieng, is appropriate.

Thankyou

geology and manifestations of geothermal in the dieng plateau central · pdf filegeology and...

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