geologic time sedimentary man and dinosaur never lived at the same time
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GEOLOGIC TIME
Geologic TimeGeologic Time
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FOSSILS CAN ONLY BE FOUND IN
ROCKS. sedimentary
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WHY IS THIS STATEMENT FALSE: “THE CAVEMAN HAD
DINOSAUR FOR BREAKFAST.”?
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Man and Dinosaur never lived at the same time
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FAULTS ARE ALWAYS (OLDER, YOUNGER) THAN THE ROCKS THEY CUT THROUGH.
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Which is older:
F or S
How do you know?
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IF A GEOLOGIST FINDS AN IGNEOUS LAYER, HOW CAN SHE DETERMINE IF THE LAYER IS AN INTRUSION OR AN EXTRUSION?
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INTRUSIONS
contact metamorphism on all sides
contact metamorphism on all sides
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CONTACT METAMORPHISM
Contact metamorphism: occurs at the border where magma touches solid rock- at this boundary, the rock is turned into metamorphic rock through contact with the heat of the magma.
Use the ESRT to determine the type of sedimentary rock, then the metamorphic rock table to determine what the sedimentary rock turns in to at this contact boundary
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EXTRUSIONS
no contact metamorphism on top
no contact metamorphism on top
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Is “H” an intrusion or extrusion?
How can you tell?
Is “H” an intrusion or extrusion?
How can you tell?
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H is an intrusion.Contact
metamorphism on top
H is an intrusion.Contact
metamorphism on top
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What is an unconformity? What is an unconformity? a buried erosional surface
a part of the rock record
is missing
a part of the rock record
is missing
How does it complicate the relative dating of rock layers?
How does it complicate the relative dating of rock layers?
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A RECORD OF UPLIFT, EROSION, AND DEPOSITION
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What processes could lead to an unconformity? What processes could lead to an unconformity?
weathering and erosion
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Using the diagram to the left, identify where the unconformity is located by drawing an arrow and writing the word “unconformity” next to it.
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EvolutionEvolution Explain the theory of
evolution. organisms adapt to their environment
in order to survive
organisms adapt to their environment
in order to survive
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EvolutionEvolutionExplain how the fossil record supports this theoryExplain how the fossil record supports this theory
can see that different organisms have
changed over time
can see that different organisms have
changed over time
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Half-Life
ABSOLUTE DATING WITH RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES
A half-life is the amount of time necessary for one-half of a radioactive, unstable substance to become not radioactive, stable.
Half life depends on the element that is unstable- some radioactive isotopes stabilize quickly, some take much longer
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RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES FREQUENTLY USED IN RADIOMETRIC DATING
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EXAMPLERADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE = URANIUM, STABLE ISOTOPE= LEAD (IN OTHER WORDS, URANIUM TURNS INTO LEAD)
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HALF-LIFE TIPS
Radioactive Isotope Circumstance to Use
Carbon-14 Anything organic or of relatively recent origin- Use if a fossil of any kind is mentioned in a question!
Potassium For rocks more than 70,000 years in age
Uranium-238 Relatively middle-aged rocks
Rubidium-87 A rock of ancient origin
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Dating with Carbon-14
DATING WITH RADIOACTIVITY
When an organism dies, the amount of carbon-14 it contains decreases at a predictable rate
By comparing the ratio of carbon-14 to Nitrogen-14 in a sample, absolute age can be determined.
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What can be done to change the half-life of a radioactive isotope?
Why is this important?
NOTHING!it is reliable to calculate age
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If there is a 100g sample of C14, how many grams of C14 would remain after three half-lives?
How long would this take? Show all work.
100g 50g 25g 12.5g
3 half-lives x (5.7 x 103) =1.71 x 104 = 17,100 years