geol882.3 seismic processing systems objective processing systems segy and similar file formats...
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GEOL882.3
Seismic Processing Systems
Objective
Processing Systems
SEGY and similar file formats
General structure of several systems
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GEOL882.3
Seismic Processing Systems
Usually geared to a particular type of application
Mostly CMP reflection processing;
Land or marine, 2D or 3D.
Commercial:ProMAX (Landmark, now Haliburton);
Omega (Western Geophysical, marine);
Echos (Paradigm);
Amoco and almost every other company have their own…
Vista (Seismic Image Soft. Now Schlumberger).
Open-source/Universities:Stanford Exploration Project;
Seismic Un*x (Colorado School of Mines);
FreeUSP (Amoco);
SIOSEIS (Scrippts, marine, not free!);
Our own: http://seisweb.usask.ca/igeos
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GEOL882.3
Seismic data formatsSEG-Y
Most seismic data formats are similar, and include:
Text file header (comments for the user, line description);
Binary file header (number of traces, other vital formatting information);
‘Traces’, each including:Binary trace header (channel number, coordinate, offset,
statics, mute times, filter parameters, etc.). Some formats allow user-defined trace headers.
Trace sample values (integer or floating-point).
SEG-Y (adopted by SEG as the standard data exchange format):
Text file header of 3200 bytes (40 80-character lines);Binary file header of 400 bytes;Traces include:240-byte headers, fixed predefined format.Samples in any of the 2- or 4-byte formats (usually stored
as 4-byte IBM REAL).
Seismic Un*x format is generally SEGY without file header and with some additional headers in trace records
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GEOL882.3
Seismic data formatsSEG-2
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GEOL882.3
Seismic data formatsNanometrics YFILE
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GEOL882.3
Well-log data formatLAS
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GEOL882.3
Graphics FormatPostScript
A seismic section on a bitmap
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GEOL882.3
ProMAX, EchosProcessing organized around the database
Area (project)LineProcessing Flows (perform specific
processing tasks with the traces or databases)
Datasets (traces, headers, lookup tables)
Databases (most of them called OPF – Ordered Parameter Files)
Tables (travel times, velocity models, etc.)
A special area used for archiving and restoring other projects ('areas')
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GEOL882.3
ProMAXKey components
Front-end GUINavigates within areas, lines, flows,
datasets, databases, tables, etc.
Flow builderAllows building processing flows from a
library of modules
Send flows to execution
MonitorMonitors running jobs, allows
suspending and killing them
Displays job logs
Database editorsDisplay/edit various databases
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GEOL882.3
VISTA
Processing organized around a dataset in a SEGY file
Processing operations are mostly modifications of this file
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GEOL882.3
Seismic Un*xand IGeoS
Processing organized by processing flows (shell scripts)
Additional files (velocity model, picks, etc.) created and used by tools as needed
Interactive displays also created by tools
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GEOL882.3
Processing Flow
Seismic processing flow is a computer program
Implemented as a 'script' (DISCO, SIA, SU), 'instruction list' (ProMAX), or visual 'graph' (Vista, Omega)
User builds the processing sequence using a collection of tools for data manipulation
Results in generation of a code customized to perform the specified task
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GEOL882.3
A More General Processing Flow (IGeoS/SIA)
SIA Seismic processing logic is based on independent operation of the modules
Each module transforms an input gather of multicomponent traces into output one
SIA also maintains a system of database tables and inter-modular messaging mechanism