geography of the fertile crescent. essential question how did geography influence the development of...
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Geography of the Fertile Crescent
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Essential QuestionHow did geography influence the
development of civilization in Southwest Asia?
ObjectiveThe Valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers were the site of the world’s first
civilizations.
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Main ideas O 1. The Rivers of Southwest Asia
supported the growth of civilizations.O 2. New farming techniques led to the
growth of cities.
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Rivers Support the Growth of Civilization Early people settled where plants would grow and crops would grow
around rivers
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The soil around most rivers are rich and fertile because the
river will normally flood yearly
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The land between the Tigris and Euphrates is the Fertile Crescent
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This area between the Tigris & Euphrates is known as
Mesopotamia
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The 2 parts of Mesopotamia Northern and Southern Mesopotamia
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Questions O 1. Why was the soil in between the
Tigris and Euphrates so fertile giving its name, “Fertile Crescent”?
O The Rivers Flood leaving behind fertile Soil.
O 2. What is the name of the area between the two rivers called and what does it mean?
O Mesopotamia and it means “between 2 rivers” in Greek.
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The Rise of Civilizations Hunters and Gatherers settled in Mesopotamia 12,000 years ago
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Silt fertile soil left behind by flooding waters. Great dirt for planting crops and farming
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7000 BCE was the first Mesopotamia settlement Grew Wheat & Barley
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QuestionsO 3. What type of soil is left behind
after the flood waters recede back into the Tigris and Euphrates?
O The fertile soil is SILTO 4. What was growing in Mesopotamia
around 7000 BCE?O Wheat and Barely
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Livestock and Fish were other great sources of food
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With a surplus of food population rises and villages develop
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The soil in Mesopotamia was very rich and fertile
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Questions
O5. What were other sources of food in Mesopotamia?
OLivestock and FishO6. What is a result of a surplus
of food?OPopulation rises and
Villages develop
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But farming wasn’t easy for the early civilization
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It was due to lack of Rainfall
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The Tigris and Euphrates relied on rainfall from the
Eastern part
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Flooding occurs when there is too much rainfall
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And the rivers of the Fertile Crescent do flood killing
livestock and destroying crops
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All this occurs during the “wet season”
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When it is dry there is an opposite affect but with similar endings
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When in a drought crops die and so do livestock
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QuestionsO 7. Why was Farming difficult in the
Fertile Crescent?O Lack of rainfall during the Dry
Season and Flooding during the Wet Season.
O 8. What is the result during these 2 seasons?
O Crops are destroyed and the livestock could be killed
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What they did was regulate the amount of water and
controlled the water flow of the rivers
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Farmers solved the water problem by the use of Irrigation
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Irrigation is the artificial watering of Farmland
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The early farmers of the Fertile Crescent dug out water storage
Basins
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Then they dug Canals, man-made waterways, to water the farmland
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The water storage basins also stopped flooding water because the built up higher
that the river
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QuestionsO 9. To regulate the water what did the
people of Mesopotamia do to handle the water during the wet and dry seasons?
O They dug Storage Basins to hold excess water and Canals to water the farmland.
O 10. Define Irrigation?O Irrigation is the artificial
watering of farmland
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Irrigation led to food surplus
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Farmers irrigated the land for their herds could graze
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With farming more productive a Division of Labor was created
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Each person in their society had a specific job to do
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QuestionsO 11. Irrigation led to a surplus of food
and with farming more productive what did this lead to?
O A Division of Labor O 12. What is a Division of Labor?O Each person in the society have
a specific job to do.
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With a surplus of food, a growing population and a
division of labor led to a large building projects
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These projects required specialized workers,
managers, and organization
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To complete these project Mesopotamia needed Rules and
Government
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Around 4000 and 3000 BCE Cities began to develop in Mesopotamia
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Mesopotamia was based on Agriculture; Cities were trading post and provided leaders with
a power base
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Cities were political, religious, cultural, and economic centers
of a civilizations
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Questions O 13. How might running large projects
prepare people for running a government?
O Society needs specialized workers, managers, organizations, planning, and rules and this is the birth of government.
O 14. Cities began popping up in Mesopotamia and they were trading centers and what else?
O They were Political, Religious, Cultural, and Economic centers of civilizations.