geography 372 christopher neighoctober 3 rd 2006 1 geography 372 introduction to remote sensing...

Geography 372 Christopher Neigh October 3rd 20061

Geography 372Geography 372Introduction to Introduction to Remote SensingRemote Sensing

Slide content from Geoeye & Space ImagingSlide content from Geoeye & Space Imaging

High Resolution remote sensingHigh Resolution remote sensing

Outline Description of commercial high resolution remote

sensing – Ikonos– Orbimage– Quickbird– Geoeye

Applications of High resolution data– National Security– Preparation to respond to events– Monitor activities– Monitor Transportation Networks– Urban Planning– Tax assessments


Along-track, or Pushbroom, Multispectral System Operation





IkonosIkonos

IKONOS Sensor Overview

IKONOS is derived from the Greek word for "image." The IKONOS satellite is the world's first commercial satellite to collect black-and-white images with 1-meter resolution and multispectral imagery with 4-meter resolution.

http://www.geoeye.com/corporate/constellation.htm


IkonosIkonos

On September 24, 1999, an Athena II rocket carried the 1600-pound IKONOS satellite into a 684-kilometer (423-mile) polar orbit. IKONOS is the world’s first high-resolution commercial remote sensing satellite with a ground resolution of .82-meters.


IkonosIkonos

Sensor CharacteristicsIt orbits the Earth every 98 minutes at an altitude of approximately 680 kilometers or 423 miles. IKONOS was launched into a sun-synchronous orbit, passing a given longitude at about the same local time (10:30 A.M.) daily. IKONOS can produce 1-meter imagery of the same geography every 3 days.


IkonosIkonos

Spectral Range1-meter black-and-white (panchromatic)0.45 - 0.90 mm. 4-meter multispectral Blue: 0.45 - 0.52 mmGreen: 0.51 - 0.60 mmRed: 0.63 - 0.70mmNear IR: 0.76 - 0.85 mmProductsStandard products include 1-meter black-and-white, 4-meter multispectral (all bands), 1-meter color (true color, false color, or 4-band), and a 1-meter and 4-meter data bundle.IKONOS image data is available in easy to use 8-bit or full dynamic range 11-bit format.


IkonosIkonos

Launch Date 24 September 1999Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, USAOperational Life Over 7 yearsOrbit 98.1 degree, sun synchronousSpeed on Orbit 7.5 kilometers per secondSpeed Over the Ground 6.8 kilometers per secondNumber of Revolutions Around the Earth 14.7 every 24 hoursOrbit Time Around the Earth 98 minutesAltitude 681 kilometersResolution Nadir:0.82 meters panchromatic3.2 meters multispectral26° Off-Nadir1.0 meter panchromatic4.0 meters multispectralImage Swath 11.3 kilometers at nadir13.8 kilometers at 26° off-nadirEquator Crossing Time Nominally 10:30 a.m. solar timeRevisit Time Approximately 3 days at 40° latitudeDynamic Range 11-bits per pixelImage Bands Panchromatic, blue, green, red, near IR


IkonosIkonos


IkonosIkonos

Standard IKONOS Stereo products include:Stereo 1-meter Black-and-WhiteStereo 1-meter Color Stereo imagery is available for IKONOS 1-meter Reference and Precision products. Imagery pairs are delivered with a Rational Polynomial Coefficient (RPC) camera model file. The RPC file enables photogrammetric processing, creation of digital terrain models and 3-dimensional measurement with popular software packages.


IkonosIkonos


IkonosIkonosItaipu DamItaipu Dam


IkonosIkonos


IkonosIkonos

High-resolution data products and services to help organizations:

• Monitor, plan and prepare for disasters and emergencies• Prepare response efforts for natural, terrorist and unintentional events• Analyze information and provide relevance• Provide for preventative action and timely response resulting in reduced consequences• Evaluate critical infrastructures• Monitor border and transportation activities• Actively support first responders, related military organizations, citizens and non-government organizations• Support efficiency and options for recovery


IkonosIkonos


Orbview-3Orbview-3

On June 26, 2003, a Pegasus XL successfully launched OrbView-3 into a 470-kilometer (292-mile) sun-synchronous orbit. The satellite is capable of providing one-meter resolution panchromatic and four-meter resolution multispectral imagery.


Orbview-3Orbview-3

The Pegasus's three Orion solid motors were originally developed for the cancelled Midgetman (a small ICBM to be launched from a trailer) by Hercules Aerospace (now Alliant Techsystems). For Pegasus use, wing and tail assemblies and a payload fairing were developed. Most of the Pegasus was designed by a design team led by Dr. Antonio Elias. The wing was designed by Burt Rutan.· Mass: 18,500 kg (Pegasus), 23,130 kg (Pegasus XL) · Length: 16.9 m (Pegasus), 17.6 m (Pegasus XL) · Diameter: 1.27 m · Wing span: 6.7 m Payload: 443 kg (1.18 m diameter, 2.13 m length)


Orbview-3Orbview-3

Facts at a Glance Spatial Resolution 1 meter Panchromatic4 meters Multispectral Spectral Range:Panchromatic 450-900 nm Multispectral Blue: 450-520 nmGreen: 520-600 nmRed: 625-695 nmNear IR: 760-900 nm Swath Width 8 km Off-Nadir Imaging Up to 50 degrees Dynamic Range 11 bits per pixel Mission Life Expected > 7 years Revisit Time Less than 3 days Orbital Altitude 470 km Modal Crossing 10:30 A.M.


Orbview-3Orbview-3

IMAGERY APPLICATIONSOrbView-3 is used for a wide variety of commercial and government applications. These applications include environmental impact assessments for engineering companies; infrastructure planning for utilities and telecommunications; urban planning in city and county governments; crop health assessment; exploration for oil, gas and mineral companies; habitat monitoring for environmental agencies; and surveillance and mission planning for national security agencies.


QuickbirdQuickbird

http://www.digitalglobe.com/


QuickbirdQuickbird

Highest resolution sensor available commercially 60-cm (2-ft) panchromatic at nadir2.4-m (8-ft) multispectral at nadirStable platform for precise location measurement3-axis stabilized, star tracker/IRU/reaction wheels, GPSFastest large area collection 16.5-km width imaging swath128 Gbits on-board image storage capacityOff-axis unobscured design of QuickBird's telescope Large field-of-view High contrast (MTF) High signal to noise ratio 11 bit dynamic range Quantization 11 bits


QuickbirdQuickbird

Depending upon orbital altitude, ground sample distances between 0.5 and 1.5 meters panchromatic and 2 to 8 meters multispectral can be achieved.

The pushbroom camera, pointed and oriented by the spacecraft, is capable of imaging a strip of the Earth's surface between 14 and 34 km wide (specifications). The multispectral bands mimic the first four bands of the Landsat system (the visible NIR regions of the electromagnetic spectrum).


QuickbirdQuickbird

Launch Date October 18, 2001

Launch Vehicle Boeing Delta II

Launch Location Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, USA

Orbit Altitude 450 Km

Orbit Inclination 97.2º, sun-synchronous

Speed 7.1 Km/second - 25,560 Km/hour

Equator Crossing Time 10:30 a.m. (descending node)

Orbit Time 93.5 minutes

Revisit Time 1-3.5 days depending on Latitude (30º off-nadir)

Swath Width 16.5 Km x 16.5 Km at nadir

Metric Accuracy 23-meter horizontal (CE90%)

Digitization 11 bits

Resolution Pan: 61 cm (nadir) to 72 cm (25º off-nadir)

MS: 2.44 m (nadir) to 2.88 m (25º off-nadir)

Image Bands Pan: 450 - 900 nm

Blue: 450 - 520 nm Green: 520 - 600 nm Red: 630 - 690 nm Near IR 760 - 900 nm


QuickbirdQuickbird


QuickbirdQuickbird

http://www.digitalglobe.com/community/qbtracker/qbtrackerExternal.html


Geoeye-1Geoeye-1

Spatial Range: 0.41 m – 1.64 m

Spectral Range:Panchromatic 450-900 nm

Spectral Range Multispectral

Blue: 450-520 nmGreen: 520-600 nmRed: 625-695 nmNear IR: 760-900 nm

Swath Width 15.2 km

Off-Nadir Imaging Up to 60 degrees

Dynamic Range 11 bits per pixel

Mission Life Expected > 10 years

Revisit Time Less than 3 days

Orbital Altitude 684 km

Modal Crossing 10:30 A.M.


Geoeye-1Geoeye-1

The GeoEye-1 satellite is scheduled for launch in early 2007. GeoEye-1 will be equipped with the most advanced technology ever used in a commercial remote sensing system. The satellite will be able to collect images at 0.41-meter panchromatic (black & white) and 1.65-meter multispectral resolution*. Just as important, GeoEye-1 will be able to precisely locate an object to within 3 meters of its true location on the surface of the Earth. This degree of inherent geolocation accuracy has never been achieved in any commercial imaging system. The satellite will be able to collect up to 700,000 square kilometers of panchromatic (and up to 350,000 square kilometers of pan-sharpened multispectral) imagery per day.

A polar orbiting satellite, GeoEye-1 will make 12 to 13 orbits per day flying at an altitude of 684 kilometers or 425 miles with an orbital velocity of about 7.5 km/sec or 45,000 mi/hr.


Geoeye-1Geoeye-1

GEOEYE-1 TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Launch Vehicle Delta II

Satellite Weight 1955 kg / 4310 lbs

Satellite Storage and Downlink

1 Terabit recorder; X-band downlink (at 740 mb/sec or 150 mb/sec)

Operational Life Fully redundant 7+ year design life; fuel for 15 years

Satellite Modes of Operation

• Store and forward• Real-time image and downlink• Direct uplink with real-time downlink

Orbital Altitude 684 kilometers / 425 miles

Orbital Velocity About 7.5 km/sec or 45,000 mi/hr

Inclination/Equator Crossing Time 98 degrees / 10:30am

Orbit type/period Sun-synchronous / 98 minutes


1 meter 0.41 meter or 1.34 ft

Geoeye-1Geoeye-1


Every Lecture 3?sEvery Lecture 3?sEvery Lecture 3?sEvery Lecture 3?s

What was the take home point?What was the take home point?– 1-3 sentence sumary1-3 sentence sumary

What do you think needs more explanation?What do you think needs more explanation? 1 multiple choice exam question1 multiple choice exam question

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geography 372 christopher neighoctober 3 rd 2006 1 geography 372 introduction to remote sensing...

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