geographies of academic knowledge exchange
DESCRIPTION
this presentation was for my masters' thesis defense in the Ohio State University's department of geography. It's much better in its original Keynote format, but it still works without the animations.TRANSCRIPT
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Geographies of Academic Knowledge
ExchangeMasters Thesis Defense
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Thesis
The nature of informal knowledge exchange amongst scientists is affected by the surrounding environment.
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Why?Elements of the urban environment decrease accessibility.
If travel isn't easy, it will be avoided.
When travel is avoided, chances for serendipitous contact are reduced.
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Effort & Reward
Individuals will choose to undertake an activity based on the effort that it will take to complete.
They will also take into account the rewards they receive from participating/completing the activity.
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Microscale - the landscape within the immediate line of sight
Scale
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Scale
Micro
Mesoscale - walking distance of an individual
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Scale
Micro
Meso
Macroscale - beyond walking distance
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Macro
Scale
Micro
Meso
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What we knowMacro
Micro
Meso
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What we know
Allen 1977,Kraut 1990 & 2002,Grey & Toker 2008
Macro
Micro
Meso
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What we know
Allen 1977,Kraut 1990 & 2002,Grey & Toker 2008
Knudesn et. al 2005, Macro
Micro
Meso
Link & Scott 2006
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What we know
Allen 1977,Kraut 1990 & 2002,Grey & Toker 2008
Knudesn et. al 2005,
No evidence
Macro
Micro
Meso
Link & Scott 2006
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What we know
Allen 1977,Kraut 1990 & 2002,Grey & Toker 2008
Knudesn et. al 2005, Macro
Micro
Meso
Link & Scott 2006
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0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Data from Link & Scott 2006 Em
ploym
ent g
rowt
h
Miles from university
Privately Owned Research Park University Owned Research Park
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When thinking about effort, we don't want to study the direct path people take
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Rather, we want to think about the path they actually take
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Rather, we want to think about the path they actually take
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We have to recognize what barriers exist that reduce people's willingness to
travel on both macroscales
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and microscales
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Columbus, Ohio Toronto, Ontario
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Methodology
Interviews
Survey of university researchers
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0
200
400
600
800
Ohio State University University of Toronto
Population Size
Faculty Graduate Students
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0
20
40
60
80
Ohio State University University of Toronto
Responce Rate
Faculty Graduate Students
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Survey Questions
Commute
Career stage
Distance to university/ private lab
Interaction patterns with outside scientists
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Analysis I : ANOVANo Sig
differenceDifference at p<.1 Difference at p<.01
Distance to MaRS/BattelleCommute distanceCommute via car
Alternative transportationDiscuss research @ partyDiscuss research w/ lab
Any contact w/ labFriend
Colleague
XX
XX
XXX
XX
Red box: OSU has higher means; Blue box: U of T has higher mean
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Analysis II : OSU LogitModel 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Constant
Friend
Colleague
Faculty
Distance Home
Distance to Battelle
Commute via Car
Nagelkete R2
.766** 0.638* 0.507* 0.581
-0.556 0.296 0.308
-0.088 -0.243 -0.234
2.221* 2.231*
-0.003
*.017
*.018
0.017 0.121 0.121
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Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Constant
Friend
Colleague
Faculty
Distance Home
Distance to MaRS
Alternative Transportation
Nagelkete R2
1.522 2.106** 1.938** 0.202
-0.441 -0.419 -0.391
-0.845 -1.080 -1.579
1.119 2.385*
-.061*
.234*
2.278*
0.059 0.112 0.353
Analysis III : U of T Logit
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Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Constant
Friend
Colleague
Faculty
Distance Home
Distance to MaRS
Alternative Transportation
Nagelkete R2
1.522 2.106** 1.938** 0.202
-0.441 -0.419 -0.391
-0.845 -1.080 -1.579
1.119 2.385*
-.061*
.234*
2.278*
0.059 0.112 0.353
Analysis III : U of T Logit
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Interpretation
Little evidence of spatial effects in Columbus -- temporal effects more important.
Some evidence of spatial effects in Toronto, but more research is needed to confirm if they are mesoscale or macroscale.
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In Toronto, MaRS & U of T need to create regular, informal
interaction opportunities for scientists
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OSU's parking problems are intractable - this makes encouraging interaction difficult
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Future Work
Concentrate on more in-depth qualitative data gathering
Concentrate on finding observable mesoscale effects