geographical breakdown of current account pink book: 2008 edition chapter 9: geographical breakdown...
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Geographical breakdown of current account
Chapter 9
Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
126
The tables appearing in this chapter show a geographical
breakdown of the current account. The data cover 66 individual
countries as well as international organisations. These estimates
are generally less firmly based than the world totals, and data
for earlier years are less reliable than recent figures. In some
cases estimates are unavailable for the first few years.
Changes to the pattern of trading associated with MTIC fraud
can make it difficult to analyse trade by country as changes in
the impact of activity associated with this fraud affect both
imports and exports. Originally, most carousel chains only
involved EU member states. From 2004 in particular, some
carousel chains included non-EU countries, for example, Dubai
and Switzerland. However, the MTIC trade adjustments are
added to the EU import estimates as it is this part of the chain
that is not generally recorded. For more information, see the
methodological notes relating to chapter 2.
Data are presented as if the EU expanded to 27 countries on
1 January 1999.
Current account by region
Current account surpluses were recorded with the Americas
and Australasia & Oceania in all years for which data are
available (1992 onwards). In contrast, the UK has recorded a
rising current account deficit with Europe, particularly from
2003, reaching Β£57.0 billion in 2007. The current account
surplus with the Americas fell slightly from the previous year to
Β£20.3 billion in 2007. There was a surplus with Asia for the
years 1995 to 1997 but an overall deficit in all years since then.
The current account deficit with Asia widened to Β£15.1 billion
in 2007, with imports of goods from China at Β£18.7 billion,
Β£3.4 billion higher than in 2006.
In 2007, around half of the value of current account credit and
debit transactions were with the 27 European Union (EU)
member states. EU countries accounted for over 80 per cent of
current account credits and debits with Europe. By component,
trade in goods accounted for 37 per cent of the value of
current account credits and 46 per cent of the value of debits
with Europe, with income accounting for around a 40 per cent
of credits and 36 per cent of debits.
The Americas accounted for around a quarter of total credits
and a fifth of total debits in 2007. Income and goods
transactions together accounted for 75 per cent of credits and
82 per cent of debits with the Americas. The United States of
America (USA) was the most significant country, representing
over three quarters of total current account credits and debits
in the region.
Asia accounted for 13 per cent of UK current account credits in
2007, down from 17 per cent in 1997, largely due to the region
accounting for a lower proportion of total income receipts.
Similarly, Asia accounts for a lower proportion of total UK
debits in recent years, also due to income. The largest
component of current account debits was imports of goods,
which at Β£59.9 billion represent 58 percent of the total debits
with the region in 2007. While Japan remains the UKβs largest
current account partner country in Asia, transactions with
China have grown the fastest in recent years, largely due to
increased exports and β particularly β imports of goods.
The current account with Africa was in surplus until 1999, with
the first deficit being recorded in 2000. In 2007 the deficit
increased to Β£3.0 billion. These deficits have mainly been driven
by higher imports of goods to the UK.
Current account with EU27, USA and Japan
A current account deficit has been recorded with the EU27 in
every year for which data are available (1999 onwards), with
the exception of 2001. Broadly speaking, surpluses on the
income account are offset by deficits on all the remaining
Figure 9.1Current accountCredits less debits
Β£ billion
β70
β60
β50
β40
β30
β20
β10
0
10
20
30
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
America
Other
Asia
World Total
Europe
Figure 9.2Current account by continent, 2007Β£ billion
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Europe America Asia Other World
Credits
Debits
The Pink Book: 2008 edition Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account
127
components of the current account; however, trade in services
has been in surplus for three of the last four years and the
income surplus has declined over the same period. In 2007 the
balance with the EU fell to a deficit of Β£39.6 billion, largely due
to a rise in imports of goods from EU countries.
The current account deficit with the EU narrowed from
Β£8.8 billion in 1999 to a surplus of Β£1.1 billion in 2001 before
increasing rapidly to a deficit of Β£39.6 billion in 2007.
The trade in goods and services deficit with the EU increased to
Β£36.9 billion in 2007, largely due to higher imports of goods
from Germany and the Netherlands. Net income received from
the EU grew from Β£5.1 billion in 1999 to Β£18.7 billion in 2002,
before falling back to Β£2.9 billion in 2007. The deficit on
current transfers has remained relatively stable since 1999,
typically at between Β£4 and Β£6 billion. The main components
of current transfers are payments to, and receipts from, EU
institutions.
The USA is consistently the single largest counterpart country
within the UKβs balance of payments, representing 20 per cent
of current account credits and 17 per cent of debits in 2007.
There has been a current account surplus with the USA in all
years for which data are available. Prior to 2000 these were
typically between Β£1 billion and Β£5 billion, whereas the most
recent periods have seen significantly higher surpluses. In 2007
the surplus was Β£13.1 billion, with a Β£6.6 billion deficit on
income, offset by a Β£6.3 billion surplus on trade in goods and a
Β£13.6 billion surplus on trade in services.
The UK has recorded a current account deficit with Japan in
every year for which data are available, peaking at Β£7.2 billion
in 2000. The deficit narrowed to Β£2.7 billion in 2007.
When ranking individual countries by the size of the current
account balance in 2007, the largest surpluses were recorded
with: the United States of America (Β£13.1 billion), Ireland
(Β£9.9 billion), Luxembourg (Β£5.2 billion), Australia (Β£5.0 billion)
and Switzerland (Β£3.1 billion).
Figure 9.3Current account with the European UnionCredits less debits
Β£ billion
β60
β50
β40
β30
β20
β10
0
10
20
30
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Total
Income
Trade in Services
Current Transfers
Trade in Goods
Figure 9.4Current account with the USACredits less debits
Β£ billion
β10
β5
0
5
10
15
20
25
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Total
Income
Trade in Services
Current Transfers
Trade in Goods
Figure 9.5Current account: largest five surpluses in 2007Β£ billion
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Switzerland
Australia
Luxembourg
Ireland
U.S.A
Figure 9.6Current account: largest five deficits in 2007Β£ billion
β30β25β20β15β10β50
France
Netherlands
Norway
China
Germany
Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
128
The current account has been in surplus with the USA since the
geographic split of the data began in 1992. The surplus with
Ireland is largely due to exports exceeding imports of goods
and services; while the surpluses with Luxembourg and
Australia are driven by a positive balance on income.
When ranking individual countries by the size of the current
account balance, the largest deficits were recorded with:
Germany (Β£25.8 billion), China (Β£14.4 billion), Norway
(Β£10.2 billion), Netherlands (Β£6.1 billion) and France
(Β£3.3 billion).
The largest current account deficit was with Germany, with
imports of goods exceeding exports of goods by Β£19.8 billion,
combined with a deficit on income of Β£8.1 billion, being partly
offset by a surplus on trade in services of Β£2.0 billion. The
deficits with China, Norway, the Netherlands and France are all
mainly a result of trade in goods deficits; there are also
significant deficits with the Netherlands on income and with
France on trade in services.
The Pink Book: 2008 edition Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account
129
β100
β50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Debits
Credits
Balance
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Finland
Denmark
Sweden
Luxembourg
Ireland
EU current account Β£ billion
Largest 5 surpluses in 2007 Β£ billion
β60
β50
β40
β30
β20
β10
0
10
20
30
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
TotalIncomeTrade in ServicesCurrent TransfersTrade in Goods
β30 β25 β20 β15 β10 β5 0
Italy
Spain
France
Netherlands
Germany
UK balance with EU Β£ billion
Largest 5 deficits in 2007 Β£ billion
4,000 and above2,000 to 3,9990 to 1,999-1 to -1,999-2,000 to -3,999-4,000 and below
2007 Balances/Β£m
Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
130
U.S.A.
Rest of America
β40
β20
0
20
40
60
80
100
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Debits
Credits
Balance
Europe
Americas
Australasia &Oceania
AsiaAfrica
Europe
Americas
Australasia &Oceania
AsiaAfrica
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Debits
Credits
Balance
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20070
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
DebitsCredits
Balance
β100
β500
50
100
150200
250
300350
400
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
DebitsCredits
Balance
Proportion of total 2007 credits
Proportion of total 2007 debits
European Union Β£ billion
Rest of Europe Β£ billion USA Β£ billion Total Americas Β£ billion
-20,000 and below-10,000 to -19,999-1 to -9,9990 to 9,99910,000 and above
2007 Balances/Β£m
The Pink Book: 2008 edition Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account
131
β5
0
5
10
15
20
25
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Debits
Credits
Balance
β40
β20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Debits
Credits
Balance
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Debits
Credits
Balance
Total Africa Β£ billion Total Asia Β£ billion Total Australasia & Oceania Β£ billion
Rest of Europe
EU
Australasia& Oceania
Asia
Africa
Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
132
Β£ million
Trade in Trade in Current Currentgoods services Income transfers account
Credits
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria 1 376 607 1 220 36 3 239Belgium 11 840 2 831 6 478 223 406Bulgaria 202 163 25 16 21 372Cyprus 415 501 282 5 1 203Czech Republic 1 399 503 231 19 2 152Denmark 2 180 2 371 2 050 41 6 642Estonia 228 36 10 β 274Finland 1 958 1 171 1 003 21 4 153France 18 086 8 023 20 882 314 47 305Germany 24 672 10 304 16 914 479 52 369Greece 1 344 907 1 272 53 3 576Hungary 863 494 253 13 1 623Ireland 17 782 7 185 14 786 180 39 933Italy 9 178 4 108 6 884 161 20 331Latvia 145 90 31 5 271Lithuania 311 120 14 15 460Luxembourg 271 1 524 11 773 18 13 586Malta 362 125 β375 4 116Netherlands 15 098 8 260 19 229 338 42 925Poland 2 370 964 666 131 4 131Portugal 1 479 655 1 051 20 3 205Romania 666 243 167 9 1 085Slovak Republic 381 141 57 18 597Slovenia 203 62 36 1 302Spain 9 970 5 101 8 118 137 23 326Sweden 4 899 2 323 3 577 96 10 895European Central Bank β β β β βEU Institutions β 624 558 7 265 8 447
Total EU27 127 678 59 436 117 192 9 618 313 924
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland 195 174 995 35 1 399Liechtenstein 3 103 40 2 148Norway 2 675 2 531 2 734 87 8 027Switzerland 3 774 6 450 12 699 80 23 003
Total EFTA 6 647 9 258 16 468 204 32 577
Other EuropeAlbania 20 11 2 β 33Belarus 71 14 7 β 92Croatia 157 98 35 14 304Russia 2 868 2 092 2 670 22 7 652Turkey 2 261 719 1 201 36 4 217Ukraine 446 199 287 8 940Serbia and Montenegro 105 61 13 4 183Other 289 3 349 11 323 62 15 023
Total Europe 140 542 75 237 149 198 9 968 374 945
AmericasArgentina 233 127 470 8 838Brazil 1 100 438 1 200 16 2 754Canada 3 261 2 473 5 178 253 11 165Chile 189 172 911 11 1 283Colombia 139 70 254 14 477Mexico 794 338 931 29 2 092United States of America 32 113 32 082 65 622 3 333 133 150Uruguay 36 17 21 β 74Venezuela 257 55 165 10 487Other Central American Countries 866 3 766 17 893 226 22 751Other 345 297 123 12 777
Total Americas 39 333 39 835 92 768 3 912 175 848
AsiaChina 3 826 1 398 1 004 15 6 243Hong Kong 2 702 1 623 5 666 27 10 018India 2 944 1 703 1 403 23 6 073Indonesia 287 245 217 19 768Iran 388 158 124 3 673Israel 1 246 475 195 33 1 949Japan 3 836 4 517 9 154 115 17 622Malaysia 966 443 835 21 2 265Pakistan 418 310 236 7 971Philippines 251 112 419 8 790Saudi Arabia 1 843 3 020 641 484 5 988Singapore 2 445 3 314 4 254 23 10 036South Korea 1 898 935 1 500 6 4 339Taiwan 949 627 729 9 2 314Thailand 606 304 303 7 1 220Residual Gulf Arabian Countries 4 462 2 737 2 069 178 9 446Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries 760 413 1 542 293 3 008Other 1 503 1 422 1 309 53 4 287
Total Asia 31 330 23 756 31 600 1 324 88 010
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia 2 610 3 205 5 836 240 11 891New Zealand 360 418 513 61 1 352Other 56 96 77 5 234
Total Australasia & Oceania 3 026 3 719 6 426 306 13 477
AfricaEgypt 682 618 557 6 1 863Morocco 294 72 33 3 402South Africa 2 225 1 425 2 557 66 6 273Other North Africa 512 447 245 12 1 216Other 2 759 2 482 1 704 68 7 013
Total Africa 6 472 5 044 5 096 155 16 767
International Organisations β 43 657 β 700
World Total 220 703 147 634 285 745 15 665 669 747
9.1 Current accountSummary transactions in 2007
The Pink Book: 2008 edition Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account
133
continued Β£ million
Trade in Trade in Current Currentgoods services Income transfers account
Debits
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria 2 482 812 1 204 27 4 525Belgium 15 073 2 285 4 669 73 22 100Bulgaria 237 334 88 2 661Cyprus 188 1 139 345 34 1 706Czech Republic 2 972 482 176 19 3 649Denmark 3 430 996 1 542 44 6 012Estonia 226 55 14 β 295Finland 2 605 415 744 15 3 779France 21 821 9 850 18 541 363 50 575Germany 44 428 8 347 24 998 371 78 144Greece 612 2 251 2 127 71 5 061Hungary 2 372 362 107 8 2 849Ireland 11 313 3 927 14 399 421 30 060Italy 13 271 4 645 3 889 160 21 965Latvia 605 92 23 2 722Lithuania 297 99 43 4 443Luxembourg 692 485 7 226 11 1 706Malta 179 310 178 27 694Netherlands 23 010 3 500 22 301 189 49 000Poland 3 684 1 203 539 49 5 475Portugal 1 482 1 695 794 41 4 012Romania 938 172 63 4 1 177Slovak Republic 1 271 95 101 1 1 468Slovenia 318 43 32 1 394Spain 10 380 10 017 5 265 188 25 850Sweden 5 256 1 223 2 145 34 8 658European Central Bank β β β β βEU Institutions β β 2 728 13 060 15 788
Total EU27 169 142 54 834 114 281 15 219 353 476
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland 414 92 353 3 862Liechtenstein 37 23 142 2 204Norway 14 278 1 038 2 826 99 18 241Switzerland 4 731 2 793 12 299 111 19 934
Total EFTA 19 460 3 946 15 620 215 39 241
Other EuropeAlbania β 22 4 11 37Belarus 582 21 17 β 620Croatia 75 157 88 16 336Russia 5 243 864 2 854 31 8 992Turkey 4 618 1 170 235 28 6 051Ukraine 129 195 366 28 718Serbia and Montenegro 74 72 31 38 215Other 313 1 374 20 354 198 22 239
Total Europe 199 636 62 655 153 850 15 784 431 925
AmericasArgentina 414 90 8 16 528Brazil 2 059 282 152 26 2 519Canada 5 775 1 397 2 026 392 9 590Chile 502 69 89 14 674Colombia 353 37 47 20 457Mexico 581 361 121 32 1 095United States of America 25 803 18 440 72 222 3 613 120 078Uruguay 69 6 18 1 94Venezuela 492 38 101 11 642Other Central American Countries 1 116 2 642 14 782 449 18 989Other 521 163 158 44 886
Total Americas 37 685 23 525 89 724 4 618 155 552
AsiaChina 18 681 1 001 838 164 20 684Hong Kong 6 922 1 181 4 139 126 12 368India 3 798 1 806 1 046 837 7 487Indonesia 929 125 59 143 1 256Iran 64 40 182 13 299Israel 1 042 305 432 39 1 818Japan 7 863 3 020 9 320 119 20 322Malaysia 1 678 231 540 45 2 494Pakistan 512 413 123 265 1 313Philippines 714 156 102 27 999Saudi Arabia 824 693 1 498 59 3 074Singapore 4 236 910 3 550 102 8 798South Korea 3 063 314 418 7 3 802Taiwan 2 410 307 483 9 3 209Thailand 2 005 691 232 41 2 969Residual Gulf Arabian Countries 2 086 1 494 2 203 277 6 060Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries 386 170 324 67 947Other 2 693 858 427 1 258 5 236
Total Asia 59 906 13 715 25 916 3 598 103 135
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia 2 241 1 780 2 539 350 6 910New Zealand 664 446 74 85 1 269Other 98 47 200 11 356
Total Australasia & Oceania 3 003 2 273 2 813 446 8 535
AfricaEgypt 538 594 338 26 1 496Morocco 434 382 58 8 882South Africa 3 053 935 1 270 374 5 632Other North Africa 1 720 410 671 14 2 815Other 3 980 1 316 8 976 2 608 8 976
Total Africa 9 725 3 637 3 409 3 030 19 801
International Organisations β 57 1 427 1 883 3 367
World total 309 955 105 862 277 139 29 359 722 315
9.1 Current accountSummary transactions in 2007
Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
134
continued Β£ million
Trade in Trade in Current Currentgoods services Income transfers account
Balances
EuropeEuropean Union(EU)
Austria β1 106 β205 16 9 β1 286Belgium β3 233 546 1 809 150 β728Bulgaria β35 β171 β63 14 β255Cyprus 227 β638 β63 β29 β503Czech Republic β1 573 21 55 β β1 497Denmark β1 250 1 375 508 β3 630Estonia 2 β19 β4 β β21Finland β647 756 259 6 374France β3 735 β1 827 2 341 β49 β3 270Germany β19 756 1 957 β8 084 108 β25 775Greece 732 β1 344 β855 β18 β1 485Hungary β1 509 132 146 5 β1 226Ireland 6 469 3 258 387 β241 9 873Italy β4 093 β537 2 995 1 β1 634Latvia β460 β2 8 3 β451Lithuania 14 21 β29 11 17Luxembourg β421 1 039 4 547 7 5 172Malta 183 β185 β553 β23 β578Netherlands β7 912 4 760 β3 072 149 β6 075Poland β1 314 β239 127 82 β1 344Portugal β3 β1 040 257 β21 β807Romania β272 71 104 5 β92Slovak Republic β890 46 β44 17 β871Slovenia β115 19 4 β β92Spain β410 β4 916 2 853 β51 β2 524Sweden β357 1 100 1 432 62 2 237European Central Bank β β β β βEU Institutions β 624 β2 170 β5 795 β7 341
Total EU27 β41 464 4 602 2 911 β5 601 β39 552
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland β219 82 642 32 537Liechtenstein β34 80 β102 β β56Norway β11 603 1 493 β92 β12 β10 214Switzerland β957 3 657 400 β31 3 069
Total EFTA β12 813 5 312 848 β11 β6 664
Other EuropeAlbania 20 β11 β2 β11 β4Belarus β511 β7 β10 β β528Croatia 82 β59 β53 β2 β32Russia β2 375 1 228 β184 β9 β1 340Turkey β2 357 β451 966 8 β1 834Ukraine 317 4 β79 β20 222Serbia and Montenegro 31 β11 β18 β34 β32Other β24 1 975 β9 031 β136 β7 216
Total Europe β59 094 12 582 β4 652 β5 816 β56 980
AmericasArgentina β181 37 462 β8 310Brazil β959 156 1 048 β10 235Canada β2 514 1 076 3 152 β139 1 575Chile β313 103 822 β3 609Colombia β214 33 207 β6 20Mexico 213 β23 810 β3 997USA 6 310 13 642 β6 600 β280 13 072Uruguay β33 11 3 β1 β20Venezuela β235 17 64 β1 β155Other Central American Countries β250 1 124 3 111 β223 3 762Other America β176 134 β35 β32 β109
Total Americas 1 648 16 310 3 044 β706 20 296
AsiaChina β14 855 397 166 β149 β14 441Hong Kong β4 220 442 1 527 β99 β2 350India β854 β103 357 β814 β1 414Indonesia β642 120 158 β124 β488Iran 324 118 β58 β10 374Israel 204 170 β237 β6 131Japan β4 027 1 497 β166 β4 β2 700Malaysia β712 212 295 β24 β229Pakistan β94 β103 113 β258 β342Philippines β463 β44 317 β19 β209Saudi Arabia 1 019 2 327 β857 425 2 914Singapore β1 791 2 404 704 β79 1 238South Korea β1 165 621 1 082 β1 537Taiwan β1 461 320 246 β β895Thailand β1 399 β387 71 β34 β1 749Residual Gulf Arabian Countries 2 376 1 243 β134 β99 3 386Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries 374 243 1 218 226 2 061Other β1 190 564 882 β1 205 β949
Total Asia β28 576 10 041 5 684 β2 274 β15 125
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia 369 1 425 3 297 β110 4 981New Zealand β304 β28 439 β24 83Other β42 49 β123 β6 β122
Total Australasia & Oceania 23 1 446 3 613 β140 4 942
AfricaEgypt 144 24 219 β20 367Morocco β140 β310 β25 β5 β480South Africa β828 490 1 287 β308 641Other North Africa β1 208 37 β426 β2 β1 599Other β1 221 1 166 632 β2 540 β1 963
Total Africa β3 253 1 407 1 687 β2 875 β3 034
International Organisations β β14 β770 β1 883 β2 667
World total β89 252 41 772 8 606 β13 694 β52 568
9.1 Current accountSummary transactions in 2007
The Pink Book: 2008 edition Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account
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Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
136
Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Credits
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria CUGP 2 047 2 196 2 178 2 323 2 347 2 409 2 485 2 383 2 792 3 171 3 239Belgium and Luxembourg CTFH 14 018 14 537 15 419 19 089 19 251 19 147 19 585 21 109 25 209 33 433 34 958
of which Belgium AA2Q .. .. 12 940 14 741 14 615 15 003 15 779 16 021 17 868 20 678 21 372Luxembourg AA2U .. .. 2 479 4 348 4 636 4 144 3 806 5 088 7 341 12 755 13 586
Bulgaria ZWVI 139 116 165 166 250 289 296 323 348 408 406Cyprus1 AA2R .. .. 499 615 591 631 612 729 790 1 645 1 203Czech Republic LEPQ 971 1 014 1 015 1 226 1 460 1 367 1 474 1 537 1 587 1 945 2 152Denmark LEQR 3 758 4 210 4 015 4 624 4 666 4 665 4 441 4 570 5 331 7 797 6 642Estonia ZWVK 95 86 70 110 105 127 125 141 166 540 274Finland LEUD 2 664 2 453 2 442 3 035 3 153 2 877 2 981 2 856 2 962 3 544 4 153France LEUM 25 912 26 968 28 209 31 834 34 335 32 062 32 292 33 649 37 883 50 942 47 305Germany LEQI 33 981 34 465 35 025 39 998 42 305 39 509 37 374 39 812 44 419 51 570 52 369Greece LEUV 2 837 2 459 2 900 3 128 2 876 2 754 2 933 2 983 3 186 3 255 3 576Hungary BFKO 763 756 872 1 268 1 139 1 328 1 417 1 680 1 815 1 464 1 623Ireland BFLV 14 326 15 069 16 463 19 162 22 365 23 783 22 537 26 056 30 814 34 917 39 933Italy BFOD 15 515 18 100 15 931 17 649 17 769 16 438 16 632 16 640 17 726 19 085 20 331Latvia ZWVM 117 114 95 118 118 120 143 142 203 485 271Lithuania ZWVN 135 127 115 157 191 185 236 198 293 359 460Malta1 AA2V .. .. 295 314 323 338 387 826 357 471 116Netherlands BFQF 25 963 25 471 27 385 32 861 36 414 34 816 34 504 28 817 31 434 40 600 42 925Poland BFRY 1 747 1 561 1 553 1 732 1 966 2 059 2 280 2 397 2 997 4 365 4 131Portugal BFSH 2 506 2 663 2 785 2 788 2 887 2 845 2 819 3 083 3 312 3 990 3 205Romania ZWVO 270 286 330 445 492 584 703 865 851 919 1 085Slovak Republic ZWVP 231 169 187 247 277 265 301 300 422 453 597Slovenia ZWVQ 179 164 222 233 299 303 293 312 270 301 302Spain LEST 10 767 11 490 11 847 13 214 13 116 13 259 14 221 15 797 19 508 23 388 23 326Sweden BFTI 7 180 7 325 7 120 8 025 7 984 7 568 7 374 8 451 9 124 10 453 10 895European Central Bank ZWVF β β β 3 12 3 β β β β βEU Institutions CSFH 5 833 5 611 6 847 5 932 8 287 7 106 7 950 8 446 9 094 9 251 8 447
Total EU27 G97O .. .. 183 984 210 296 224 978 216 837 216 395 224 102 252 893 308 751 313 924
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland BFNH 268 274 256 334 285 263 304 345 468 635 1 399Liechtenstein BFPE 81 64 77 90 73 68 64 83 60 99 148Norway BFQO 4 281 4 590 3 927 4 131 3 866 3 912 4 076 4 357 6 060 6 118 8 027Switzerland LEOY 8 834 8 862 9 934 13 178 12 375 11 631 11 983 12 155 16 055 18 810 23 003
Total EFTA CTFQ 13 464 13 790 14 194 17 733 16 598 15 874 16 427 16 940 22 643 25 662 32 577
Other EuropeAlbania ZWVG 8 8 15 9 28 25 16 34 24 29 33Belarus ZWVH 42 33 30 64 37 43 49 59 69 75 92Croatia ZWVJ 144 131 133 127 149 180 234 218 237 311 304Russia BFSQ 1 866 1 668 1 039 1 378 1 912 2 239 2 727 3 654 5 351 6 767 7 652Turkey BFUJ 2 301 2 204 1 974 2 672 1 986 2 011 2 436 2 684 3 230 3 903 4 217Ukraine ZWVR 205 247 173 200 234 502 399 333 495 907 940Serbia and Montenegro BFWC 125 63 71 138 94 93 111 86 106 169 183Other1 LEVW 5 210 4 895 4 152 4 988 4 457 4 693 6 469 8 388 10 138 12 766 15 023
Total Europe LERA 195 319 200 449 205 765 237 605 250 473 242 497 245 263 256 498 295 186 359 340 374 945
AmericasArgentina ZWVT 1 108 1 099 717 969 834 328 414 587 561 911 838Brazil LENO 2 154 2 125 1 441 1 659 1 800 1 837 1 656 1 813 2 291 2 456 2 754Canada LEOP 5 459 5 958 6 004 7 306 7 373 6 581 7 001 7 601 8 501 10 507 11 165Chile ZWVU 565 501 395 477 441 451 519 1 066 1 453 1 169 1 283Colombia ZWVV 350 310 271 491 493 421 491 618 649 561 477Mexico BFPN 1 172 1 118 1 359 1 417 1 300 1 626 1 396 1 741 1 801 2 164 2 092United States of America BFVB 58 452 63 393 67 016 79 016 81 967 79 104 81 528 86 098 104 577 123 772 133 150Uruguay ZWVW 116 102 82 80 66 55 99 41 64 90 74Venezuela ZWVX 424 287 273 225 610 602 342 567 739 682 487Other Central American Countries JISS 3 340 6 856 6 393 8 003 8 319 8 871 9 194 10 344 14 784 20 179 22 751Other LEVE 1 900 924 883 749 678 638 731 968 477 600 777
Total Americas LESK 75 040 82 673 84 834 100 392 103 880 100 513 103 315 111 444 135 897 163 091 175 848
AsiaChina LEPH 1 390 1 389 1 945 2 234 2 861 2 663 3 260 4 282 5 080 5 569 6 243Hong Kong BFJR 6 904 5 800 5 195 5 422 5 249 4 800 5 482 7 001 8 670 9 401 10 018India BFMY 2 462 2 158 2 373 3 116 2 964 3 050 3 679 3 857 4 811 5 713 6 073Indonesia BFKX 1 241 845 729 762 752 714 888 801 846 1 167 768Iran ZWWA 523 453 376 469 647 622 741 742 820 809 673Israel BFMP 1 667 1 483 1 914 2 042 1 962 1 938 1 839 1 882 2 046 1 956 1 949Japan BFOM 13 964 12 862 13 930 16 246 14 875 12 447 12 966 13 322 15 251 17 338 17 622Malaysia BFPW 2 224 1 606 1 772 1 811 1 832 1 887 2 116 2 266 2 362 2 149 2 265Pakistan BFRP 709 569 594 517 647 604 684 824 1 183 1 268 971Philippines BFRG 860 549 476 643 730 602 686 629 632 656 790Saudi Arabia BFSZ 6 058 5 226 4 370 4 703 4 426 4 072 4 831 4 576 4 654 5 317 5 988Singapore BFTR 5 309 3 999 4 253 5 465 5 348 4 462 4 799 6 004 8 149 8 893 10 036South Korea BFOV 2 298 1 540 1 680 2 178 2 203 2 674 2 602 3 207 3 643 4 014 4 339Taiwan BFUS 1 495 1 291 1 318 1 565 1 473 1 576 1 629 2 019 2 203 2 164 2 314Thailand BFUA 1 372 695 788 1 004 1 067 981 1 140 1 196 1 206 860 1 220Residual Gulf Arabian Countries JITT 4 665 5 285 4 549 5 360 5 167 4 888 5 542 6 779 10 396 9 344 9 446Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZWWC 1 103 1 023 984 1 107 1 316 1 166 1 284 1 573 1 889 2 437 3 008Other LEWF 2 844 1 920 1 430 1 813 1 746 1 783 1 638 1 909 1 899 3 139 4 287
Total Asia LETC 57 088 48 693 48 676 56 457 55 264 50 928 55 806 62 869 75 740 82 194 88 010
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia CWBG 6 290 5 581 5 910 6 961 6 883 6 934 7 056 8 977 9 929 10 663 11 891New Zealand BFQX 1 156 1 002 1 127 986 1 104 1 204 1 286 1 254 1 370 1 363 1 352Other LEVN 315 474 135 151 147 188 211 217 186 245 234
Total Australasia & Oceania LETU 7 761 7 057 7 172 8 098 8 134 8 326 8 553 10 448 11 485 12 271 13 477
AfricaEgypt ZWWE 704 529 863 1 045 1 053 1 016 962 1 195 1 260 1 498 1 863Morocco ZWWF 414 424 434 499 481 438 425 412 332 430 402South Africa BFWU 3 369 3 329 3 489 3 673 4 085 4 724 4 862 6 052 7 518 5 874 6 273Other North Africa JIRU 805 845 573 794 802 681 1 016 917 β2 485 β81 1 216Other LEWO 3 977 4 718 4 206 4 172 4 565 4 751 5 168 5 138 9 650 7 873 7 013
Total Africa LERS 9 269 9 845 9 565 10 183 10 986 11 609 12 433 13 714 16 275 15 594 16 767
International Organisations CTEY 276 407 424 501 578 560 539 499 584 623 700
World total HBOE 344 753 349 124 356 436 413 236 429 317 414 434 425 909 455 472 535 167 633 113 669 747
1 Cyprus and Malta are included within Other Europe before 1999.
9.2 Current account
The Pink Book: 2008 edition Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account
137
continued Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Debits
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria CUGW 2 647 2 423 2 348 2 501 3 111 3 802 4 093 3 744 4 120 4 795 4 525Belgium and Luxembourg CTFI 14 665 15 774 16 151 17 435 18 997 19 895 20 319 21 993 24 689 30 066 30 514
of which Belgium AA34 .. .. 13 389 14 438 15 537 16 293 16 402 17 068 19 351 21 325 22 100Luxembourg AA38 .. .. 2 762 2 997 3 460 3 602 3 917 4 925 5 338 8 741 8 414
Bulgaria ZWWL 218 196 166 189 188 251 246 339 460 520 661Cyprus1 AA35 .. .. 1 068 1 270 1 486 1 383 1 476 1 456 1 710 2 966 1 706Czech Republic LEPR 747 819 839 1 108 1 418 1 592 1 842 1 810 2 463 3 705 3 649Denmark LEQS 3 909 3 637 3 873 4 440 4 531 5 239 5 201 5 336 6 744 8 865 6 012Estonia ZWWN 212 214 236 373 321 347 302 432 424 2 174 295Finland LEUE 3 313 2 879 2 976 3 569 3 710 3 351 3 310 2 932 3 294 4 068 3 779France LEUN 28 755 29 910 32 681 34 108 35 002 34 481 36 715 38 793 44 023 51 913 50 575Germany LEQJ 38 332 37 078 39 847 44 947 44 160 44 572 49 798 53 692 63 205 70 216 78 144Greece LEUW 2 248 2 156 2 587 3 019 3 119 3 004 3 123 3 246 3 777 4 407 5 061Hungary BFKP 655 725 856 868 887 1 039 1 303 1 798 2 181 2 747 2 849Ireland BFLW 12 366 12 943 13 420 15 971 18 949 20 611 17 968 19 778 23 324 26 144 30 060Italy BFOE 15 556 15 785 15 064 15 408 16 035 15 757 17 255 18 279 19 932 20 274 21 965Latvia ZWWP 410 362 336 466 471 516 559 740 791 948 722Lithuania ZWWQ 212 209 215 289 278 321 311 299 371 395 443Malta1 AA39 .. .. 382 410 461 467 514 557 582 554 694Netherlands BFQG 18 734 19 781 22 785 30 775 30 663 26 439 27 256 29 596 33 181 43 186 49 000Poland BFRZ 1 054 1 043 1 039 1 334 1 588 1 619 1 928 2 344 3 285 5 121 5 475Portugal BFSI 3 019 2 904 3 077 3 050 3 077 3 288 3 728 3 752 3 933 5 149 4 012Romania ZWWR 357 336 366 464 561 658 793 948 1 020 1 092 1 177Slovak Republic ZWWS 168 191 195 214 211 253 291 315 499 985 1 468Slovenia ZWWT 165 196 186 197 206 238 221 231 274 817 394Spain LESU 11 539 13 023 13 438 14 020 16 224 18 493 20 152 20 046 24 941 27 739 25 850Sweden BFTJ 6 511 6 126 6 940 7 234 6 903 6 543 6 747 7 294 8 102 9 211 8 658European Central Bank ZWWI β β 1 1 1 1 β β β β βEU Institutions CSFI 9 014 11 153 11 755 12 211 11 325 11 789 12 997 13 110 15 028 15 365 15 788
Total EU27 G97F .. .. 192 827 215 871 223 883 225 949 238 448 252 860 292 353 343 422 353 476
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland BFNI 274 309 319 453 335 347 365 467 519 812 862Liechtenstein BFPF 158 163 115 146 125 75 94 75 92 150 204Norway BFQP 6 033 4 103 4 249 6 754 6 863 7 229 7 885 10 060 14 435 17 603 18 241Switzerland LEOZ 12 978 12 361 14 805 18 763 16 064 13 019 11 701 11 235 14 908 18 108 19 934
Total EFTA CTFR 19 443 16 936 19 488 26 116 23 387 20 670 20 045 21 837 29 954 36 673 39 241
Other EuropeAlbania ZWWJ 63 115 48 41 28 26 24 27 15 21 37Belarus ZWWK 73 97 67 65 37 44 30 77 288 742 620Croatia ZWWM 136 273 122 135 157 153 155 166 248 323 336Russia BFSR 1 872 1 712 1 677 2 207 2 717 2 562 3 114 4 464 6 805 8 982 8 992Turkey BFUK 1 790 1 859 1 855 2 134 2 425 2 995 3 513 4 188 4 735 5 317 6 051Ukraine ZWWU 133 150 141 137 169 201 207 290 380 490 718Serbia and Montenegro BFWD 210 99 93 141 110 100 110 108 124 198 215Other1 LEVX 7 290 8 293 7 090 8 670 9 303 8 368 7 478 8 905 11 891 15 389 22 239
Total Europe LERB 205 816 209 397 223 408 255 517 262 216 261 068 273 124 292 922 346 793 411 557 431 925
AmericasArgentina ZWWW 379 344 334 378 370 313 317 351 391 504 528Brazil LENP 1 356 1 308 1 233 1 478 1 703 1 743 1 770 1 873 2 190 2 388 2 519Canada LEOQ 4 406 4 625 5 413 6 896 6 316 6 560 6 395 7 750 8 013 10 014 9 590Chile ZWWX 565 458 401 506 558 541 485 586 611 648 674Colombia ZWWY 318 331 273 331 414 287 278 326 375 423 457Mexico BFPO 680 747 812 1 160 1 360 941 883 865 882 943 1 095United States of America BFVC 57 162 58 793 62 929 70 702 77 084 70 279 69 786 73 916 87 576 108 455 120 078Uruguay ZWWZ 103 45 55 62 54 74 56 54 73 92 94Venezuela ZWXA 215 186 210 282 253 259 177 264 463 728 642Other Central American Countries JIST 3 387 6 137 5 869 7 191 6 373 5 242 6 005 7 151 10 648 16 111 18 989Other LEVF 2 011 1 109 1 133 1 305 1 621 1 151 945 890 890 903 886
Total Americas LESL 70 582 74 083 78 662 90 291 96 106 87 390 87 097 94 026 112 112 141 209 155 552
AsiaChina LEPI 2 790 3 283 3 915 5 563 6 575 7 587 9 078 11 306 14 126 16 631 20 684Hong Kong BFJS 6 397 6 948 8 549 10 112 9 777 8 215 7 615 7 942 9 226 10 867 12 368India BFMZ 2 806 2 686 2 848 3 173 3 529 3 423 3 682 4 378 5 484 6 556 7 487Indonesia BFKY 1 188 1 100 1 210 1 345 1 408 1 266 1 293 1 154 1 183 1 331 1 256Iran ZWXD 202 168 169 323 361 182 181 210 232 356 299Israel BFMQ 1 296 1 282 1 438 1 553 1 547 1 309 1 280 1 336 1 562 1 752 1 818Japan BFON 16 785 17 461 18 650 23 401 21 019 17 050 13 895 15 310 17 865 20 075 20 322Malaysia BFPX 2 647 2 380 2 463 2 907 2 451 2 102 2 163 2 401 2 328 2 679 2 494Pakistan BFRQ 808 753 812 876 931 1 174 1 164 1 238 1 249 1 359 1 313Philippines BFRH 907 1 019 1 188 1 482 1 321 1 110 920 821 938 1 065 999Saudi Arabia BFTA 2 643 2 220 2 057 2 441 2 560 2 406 2 150 2 247 2 945 3 025 3 074Singapore BFTS 4 790 4 081 4 832 5 556 5 142 4 310 4 625 5 569 6 985 7 940 8 798South Korea BFOW 2 512 2 541 3 033 3 728 3 152 3 045 2 786 3 191 3 644 3 748 3 802Taiwan BFUT 2 504 2 446 2 874 3 865 3 133 2 684 2 500 2 714 2 807 2 912 3 209Thailand BFUB 1 562 1 671 1 704 2 163 2 291 2 196 2 259 2 505 2 494 2 864 2 969Residual Gulf Arabian Countries JITU 1 641 2 268 2 285 2 970 3 294 2 771 3 078 3 664 4 433 5 662 6 060Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZWXF 529 419 489 580 586 559 536 528 722 1 391 947Other LEWG 3 029 2 242 2 397 3 023 3 072 3 155 3 274 4 004 4 088 4 868 5 236
Total Asia LETD 55 036 54 968 60 913 75 061 72 149 64 544 62 479 70 518 82 311 95 081 103 135
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia CWBO 3 843 3 863 3 776 3 701 3 844 4 354 4 804 4 944 6 211 6 378 6 910New Zealand BFQY 1 053 1 004 918 983 1 016 1 025 1 050 1 188 1 293 1 295 1 269Other LEVO 244 137 187 188 186 195 205 237 209 567 356
Total Australasia & Oceania LETV 5 140 5 004 4 881 4 872 5 046 5 574 6 059 6 369 7 713 8 240 8 535
AfricaEgypt ZWXH 973 718 787 1 050 1 074 920 936 1 013 1 190 1 670 1 496Morocco ZWXI 489 511 565 606 624 620 605 680 633 721 882South Africa BFWV 2 146 2 461 3 169 4 081 4 463 4 394 4 975 5 351 6 355 6 581 5 632Other North Africa JIRV 838 770 681 1 208 1 063 984 956 1 191 1 544 2 418 2 815Other LEWP 3 593 3 429 4 190 4 581 5 884 5 873 6 720 6 774 7 072 7 710 8 976
Total Africa LERT 8 039 7 889 9 392 11 526 13 108 12 791 14 192 15 009 16 794 19 100 19 801
International Organisations CTEZ 1 102 962 1 034 1 756 1 793 1 724 1 265 1 828 2 135 2 957 3 367
World total HBOF 345 715 352 303 378 290 439 023 450 419 433 091 444 216 480 672 567 858 678 144 722 315
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
9.2 Current account
Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
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continued Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Balances
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria CUGX β600 β227 β170 β178 β764 β1 393 β1 608 β1 361 β1 328 β1 624 β1 286Belgium and Luxembourg CTFJ β647 β1 237 β732 1 654 254 β748 β734 β884 520 3 367 4 444
of which Belgium AA4H .. .. β449 303 β922 β1 290 β623 β1 047 β1 483 β647 β728Luxembourg AA4L .. .. β283 1 351 1 176 542 β111 163 2 003 4 014 5 172
Bulgaria ZWXO β79 β80 β1 β23 62 38 50 β16 β112 β112 β255Cyprus1 AA4I .. .. β569 β655 β895 β752 β864 β727 β920 β1 321 β503Czech Republic LEPS 224 195 176 118 42 β225 β368 β273 β876 β1 760 β1 497Denmark LEQT β151 573 142 184 135 β574 β760 β766 β1 413 β1 068 630Estonia ZWXQ β117 β128 β166 β263 β216 β220 β177 β291 β258 β1 634 β21Finland LEUF β649 β426 β534 β534 β557 β474 β329 β76 β332 β524 374France LEUO β2 843 β2 942 β4 472 β2 274 β667 β2 419 β4 423 β5 144 β6 140 β971 β3 270Germany LEQK β4 351 β2 613 β4 822 β4 949 β1 855 β5 063 β12 424 β13 880 β18 786 β18 646 β25 775Greece LEUX 589 303 313 109 β243 β250 β190 β263 β591 β1 152 β1 485Hungary BFKQ 108 31 16 400 252 289 114 β118 β366 β1 283 β1 226Ireland BFLX 1 960 2 126 3 043 3 191 3 416 3 172 4 569 6 278 7 490 8 773 9 873Italy BFOF β41 2 315 867 2 241 1 734 681 β623 β1 639 β2 206 β1 189 β1 634Latvia ZWXS β293 β248 β241 β348 β353 β396 β416 β598 β588 β463 β451Lithuania ZWXT β77 β82 β100 β132 β87 β136 β75 β101 β78 β36 17Malta1 AA4M .. .. β87 β96 β138 β129 β127 269 β225 β83 β578Netherlands BFQH 7 229 5 690 4 600 2 086 5 751 8 377 7 248 β779 β1 747 β2 586 β6 075Poland BFSA 693 518 514 398 378 440 352 53 β288 β756 β1 344Portugal BFSJ β513 β241 β292 β262 β190 β443 β909 β669 β621 β1 159 β807Romania ZWXU β87 β50 β36 β19 β69 β74 β90 β83 β169 β173 β92Slovak Republic ZWXV 63 β22 β8 33 66 12 10 β15 β77 β532 β871Slovenia ZWXW 14 β32 36 36 93 65 72 81 β4 β516 β92Spain LESV β772 β1 533 β1 591 β806 β3 108 β5 234 β5 931 β4 249 β5 433 β4 351 β2 524Sweden BFTK 669 1 199 180 791 1 081 1 025 627 1 157 1 022 1 242 2 237European Central Bank ZWXL β β β1 2 11 2 β β β β βEU Institutions CSFJ β3 181 β5 542 β4 908 β6 279 β3 038 β4 683 β5 047 β4 664 β5 934 β6 114 β7 341
Total EU27 G977 .. .. β8 843 β5 575 1 095 β9 112 β22 053 β28 758 β39 460 β34 671 β39 552
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland BFNJ β6 β35 β63 β119 β50 β84 β61 β122 β51 β177 537Liechtenstein BFPG β77 β99 β38 β56 β52 β7 β30 8 β32 β51 β56Norway BFQQ β1 752 487 β322 β2 623 β2 997 β3 317 β3 809 β5 703 β8 375 β11 485 β10 214Switzerland LEPA β4 144 β3 499 β4 871 β5 585 β3 689 β1 388 282 920 1 147 702 3 069
Total EFTA CTFS β5 979 β3 146 β5 294 β8 383 β6 789 β4 796 β3 618 β4 897 β7 311 β11 011 β6 664
Other EuropeAlbania ZWXM β55 β107 β33 β32 β β1 β8 7 9 8 β4Belarus ZWXN β31 β64 β37 β1 β β1 19 β18 β219 β667 β528Croatia ZWXP 8 β142 11 β8 β8 27 79 52 β11 β12 β32Russia BFSS β6 β44 β638 β829 β805 β323 β387 β810 β1 454 β2 215 β1 340Turkey BFUL 511 345 119 538 β439 β984 β1 077 β1 504 β1 505 β1 414 β1 834Ukraine ZWXX 72 97 32 63 65 301 192 43 115 417 222Serbia and Montenegro BFWE β85 β36 β22 β3 β16 β7 1 β22 β18 β29 β32Other1 LEVY β2 080 β3 398 β2 938 β3 682 β4 846 β3 675 β1 009 β517 β1 753 β2 623 β7 216
Total Europe LERC β10 497 β8 948 β17 643 β17 912 β11 743 β18 571 β27 861 β36 424 β51 607 β52 217 β56 980
AmericasArgentina ZWXZ 729 755 383 591 464 15 97 236 170 407 310Brazil LENQ 798 817 208 181 97 94 β114 β60 101 68 235Canada LEOR 1 053 1 333 591 410 1 057 21 606 β149 488 493 1 575Chile ZWYA β 43 β6 β29 β117 β90 34 480 842 521 609Colombia ZWYB 32 β21 β2 160 79 134 213 292 274 138 20Mexico BFPP 492 371 547 257 β60 685 513 876 919 1 221 997United States of America BFVD 1 290 4 600 4 087 8 314 4 883 8 825 11 742 12 182 17 001 15 317 13 072Uruguay ZWYC 13 57 27 18 12 β19 43 β13 β9 β2 β20Venezuela ZWYD 209 101 63 β57 357 343 165 303 276 β46 β155Other Central American Countries JISU β47 719 524 812 1 946 3 629 3 189 3 193 4 136 4 068 3 762Other LEVG β111 β185 β250 β556 β943 β513 β214 78 β413 β303 β109
Total Americas LESM 4 458 8 590 6 172 10 101 7 774 13 123 16 218 17 418 23 785 21 882 20 296
AsiaChina LEPJ β1 400 β1 894 β1 970 β3 329 β3 714 β4 924 β5 818 β7 024 β9 046 β11 062 β14 441Hong Kong BFJT 507 β1 148 β3 354 β4 690 β4 528 β3 415 β2 133 β941 β556 β1 466 β2 350India BFNA β344 β528 β475 β57 β565 β373 β3 β521 β673 β843 β1 414Indonesia BFKZ 53 β255 β481 β583 β656 β552 β405 β353 β337 β164 β488Iran ZWYG 321 285 207 146 286 440 560 532 588 453 374Israel BFMR 371 201 476 489 415 629 559 546 484 204 131Japan BFOO β2 821 β4 599 β4 720 β7 155 β6 144 β4 603 β929 β1 988 β2 614 β2 737 β2 700Malaysia BFPY β423 β774 β691 β1 096 β619 β215 β47 β135 34 β530 β229Pakistan BFRR β99 β184 β218 β359 β284 β570 β480 β414 β66 β91 β342Philippines BFRI β47 β470 β712 β839 β591 β508 β234 β192 β306 β409 β209Saudi Arabia BFTB 3 415 3 006 2 313 2 262 1 866 1 666 2 681 2 329 1 709 2 292 2 914Singapore BFTT 519 β82 β579 β91 206 152 174 435 1 164 953 1 238South Korea BFOX β214 β1 001 β1 353 β1 550 β949 β371 β184 16 β1 266 537Taiwan BFUU β1 009 β1 155 β1 556 β2 300 β1 660 β1 108 β871 β695 β604 β748 β895Thailand BFUC β190 β976 β916 β1 159 β1 224 β1 215 β1 119 β1 309 β1 288 β2 004 β1 749Residual Gulf Arabian Countries JITV 3 024 3 017 2 264 2 390 1 873 2 117 2 464 3 115 5 963 3 682 3 386Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZWYI 574 604 495 527 730 607 748 1 045 1 167 1 046 2 061Other LEWH β185 β322 β967 β1 210 β1 326 β1 372 β1 636 β2 095 β2 189 β1 729 β949
Total Asia LETE 2 052 β6 275 β12 237 β18 604 β16 885 β13 616 β6 673 β7 649 β6 571 β12 887 β15 125
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia CWJK 2 447 1 718 2 134 3 260 3 039 2 580 2 252 4 033 3 718 4 285 4 981New Zealand BFQZ 103 β2 209 3 88 179 236 66 77 68 83Other LEVP 71 337 β52 β37 β39 β7 6 β20 β23 β322 β122
Total Australasia & Oceania LETW 2 621 2 053 2 291 3 226 3 088 2 752 2 494 4 079 3 772 4 031 4 942
AfricaEgypt ZWYK β269 β189 76 β5 β21 96 26 182 70 β172 367Morocco ZWYL β75 β87 β131 β107 β143 β182 β180 β268 β301 β291 β480South Africa BFWW 1 223 868 320 β408 β378 330 β113 701 1 163 β707 641Other North Africa JIRW β33 75 β108 β414 β261 β303 60 β274 β4 029 β2 499 β1 599Other LEWQ 384 1 289 16 β409 β1 319 β1 122 β1 552 β1 636 2 578 163 β1 963
Total Africa LERU 1 230 1 956 173 β1 343 β2 122 β1 182 β1 759 β1 295 β519 β3 506 β3 034
International Organisations CTFA β826 β555 β610 β1 255 β1 215 β1 164 β726 β1 329 β1 551 β2 334 β2 667
World total HBOG β962 β3 179 β21 854 β25 787 β21 102 β18 657 β18 307 β25 200 β32 691 β45 031 β52 568
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
9.2 Current account
The Pink Book: 2008 edition Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account
139
Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
140
Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Exports
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria LGHT 1 478 1 541 1 567 1 551 1 633 1 691 1 688 1 531 1 853 2 245 1 983Belgium and Luxembourg LGHU 10 289 10 467 11 641 12 799 12 387 13 371 14 587 14 347 15 063 18 755 16 466
of which Belgium A7RS .. .. 11 110 12 190 11 660 12 565 13 632 13 179 13 998 15 965 14 671Luxembourg A7RV .. .. 531 609 727 806 955 1 168 1 065 2 790 1 795
Bulgaria ZWLR 98 95 117 127 157 209 221 233 314 354 365Cyprus1 A7RT .. .. 393 460 426 491 552 655 671 1 313 916Czech Republic LGIN 834 897 886 1 095 1 260 1 212 1 247 1 306 1 415 1 872 1 902Denmark LGHV 2 985 3 099 3 039 3 495 3 657 4 103 3 708 3 647 3 855 6 028 4 551Estonia ZWLX 79 73 65 108 97 121 117 135 152 529 264Finland LGHW 2 124 1 971 2 015 2 426 2 490 2 274 2 371 2 315 2 372 2 932 3 129France LGHX 20 341 20 712 21 779 24 020 25 327 24 778 25 145 25 169 26 395 35 897 26 109Germany LGHY 25 762 25 976 26 222 29 471 30 848 29 561 28 665 29 865 32 176 37 360 34 976Greece LGHZ 1 710 1 744 2 023 2 087 1 965 1 999 2 076 2 152 2 294 2 238 2 251Hungary XUXI 545 581 624 819 817 968 1 082 1 305 1 392 1 269 1 357Ireland LGIA 11 749 12 179 13 368 15 223 17 493 19 710 17 540 19 745 22 859 24 308 24 967Italy LGIB 10 428 11 038 10 644 11 122 11 305 11 524 11 632 11 824 12 492 13 150 13 286Latvia ZWMF 112 102 93 114 117 115 142 141 195 461 235Lithuania ZWME 126 123 111 148 183 181 232 197 279 340 431Malta1 A7RW .. .. 255 263 267 289 333 336 311 405 487Netherlands LGIC 16 951 16 247 17 797 19 724 19 513 18 720 19 007 18 690 19 630 24 113 23 358Poland LGIO 1 599 1 465 1 441 1 585 1 634 1 710 1 873 1 923 2 451 3 692 3 334Portugal LGID 2 095 2 178 2 296 2 096 2 064 2 048 1 997 2 259 2 327 2 937 2 134Romania ZWMH 245 262 286 425 414 508 606 746 774 799 909Slovak Republic ZWMJ 162 127 145 196 246 231 273 270 358 384 522Slovenia ZWMI 171 142 166 185 198 230 204 215 232 270 265Spain LGIE 8 204 8 967 9 642 10 558 10 615 11 102 11 821 12 046 14 424 16 720 15 071Sweden LGIF 5 645 5 767 5 473 5 829 5 587 5 350 5 523 6 057 6 343 7 210 7 222European Central Bank ZWLL β β β 3 12 3 β β β β βEU Institutions LGIG 248 228 232 248 544 544 515 578 600 604 624
Total EU27 GC8Q .. .. 132 320 146 177 151 256 153 043 153 157 157 687 171 227 206 185 187 114
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland LGII 212 206 189 266 213 195 213 256 313 374 369Liechtenstein LGIJ 23 26 36 43 33 45 43 59 41 62 106Norway LGIK 3 592 3 874 3 136 3 049 2 789 3 145 3 214 3 453 4 022 4 051 5 206Switzerland LGIL 5 323 5 380 5 465 5 845 6 984 7 047 7 415 7 167 9 841 9 777 10 224
Total EFTA LGIM 9 150 9 486 8 826 9 203 10 018 10 432 10 885 10 935 14 217 14 264 15 905
Other EuropeAlbania ZWLP 7 8 15 9 28 25 16 34 24 29 31Belarus ZWLS 42 33 30 64 36 36 42 59 64 71 85Croatia ZWMC 124 118 118 110 122 149 189 168 163 242 255Russia LGIP 1 604 1 373 829 1 083 1 363 1 562 2 153 2 368 2 992 3 718 4 960Turkey LGIQ 2 076 1 900 1 599 2 151 1 548 1 659 2 041 2 270 2 672 2 961 2 980Ukraine ZWMK 204 231 170 199 231 484 371 280 376 485 645Serbia and Montenegro ZWMN 76 63 68 135 92 90 105 87 92 130 166Other1 ZWLM 2 569 1 718 1 348 1 438 1 345 1 639 2 213 2 466 2 999 3 436 3 638
Total Europe LGIS 139 832 140 911 145 323 160 569 166 039 169 119 171 172 176 354 194 826 231 521 215 779
AmericasArgentina ZWLQ 606 670 460 474 459 210 217 321 268 320 360Brazil LGIT 1 340 1 326 1 117 1 125 1 200 1 201 1 160 1 101 1 208 1 402 1 538Canada LGIU 3 331 3 560 3 929 4 884 4 842 4 650 4 834 5 122 5 033 5 913 5 734Chile ZWLT 268 296 221 211 235 202 202 218 240 306 361Colombia ZWLU 230 242 155 157 245 169 205 208 185 203 209Mexico LGIV 601 681 798 942 969 969 959 985 946 1 134 1 132United States of America LGIW 36 084 36 789 41 929 48 550 48 455 50 887 52 649 54 379 55 445 60 899 64 195Uruguay ZWML 87 79 75 64 53 35 90 42 52 57 53Venezuela ZWMM 254 314 273 305 424 405 245 288 332 304 312Other Central American Countries ZWLW 1 935 2 265 2 131 2 398 2 288 2 899 3 097 3 617 4 162 4 436 4 632Other ZWLZ 922 838 831 651 656 560 651 499 524 577 642
Total Americas LGIY 45 658 47 060 51 919 59 761 59 825 62 186 64 309 66 780 68 395 75 551 79 168
AsiaChina LGIZ 1 154 1 163 1 667 1 917 2 300 2 217 2 813 3 645 4 203 4 675 5 224Hong Kong LGJA 4 183 3 658 3 381 3 714 3 777 3 417 3 676 3 755 4 433 4 139 4 325India LGJB 2 162 1 730 1 971 2 611 2 447 2 390 3 006 3 234 3 959 4 314 4 647Indonesia LGJC 902 568 550 596 518 498 617 588 555 595 532Iran ZWMD 453 413 336 416 603 582 696 683 667 632 546Israel LGJD 1 555 1 388 1 822 1 961 1 868 1 857 1 729 1 793 1 909 1 755 1 721Japan LGJE 6 894 5 876 6 526 7 141 7 231 7 427 7 615 8 082 8 200 8 383 8 353Malaysia LGJF 1 715 1 221 1 328 1 297 1 405 1 281 1 451 1 542 1 552 1 367 1 409Pakistan LGJG 577 471 517 383 507 413 474 575 891 837 728Philippines LGJH 736 394 365 456 570 457 518 442 418 341 363Saudi Arabia LGJI 5 428 4 540 3 642 3 926 3 672 3 361 4 139 3 857 3 778 4 345 4 863Singapore LGJJ 2 628 2 182 2 757 2 711 2 886 2 611 3 235 3 855 4 718 5 188 5 759South Korea LGJK 1 716 1 158 1 360 1 746 1 690 1 966 1 942 2 394 2 414 2 584 2 833Taiwan LGJL 1 309 1 102 1 116 1 296 1 170 1 218 1 279 1 465 1 522 1 482 1 576Thailand LGJM 1 142 617 670 776 813 736 906 956 896 853 910Residual Gulf Arabian Countries ZWMA 3 994 3 652 3 292 3 689 3 863 3 952 4 688 5 788 8 939 7 348 7 199Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZWMB 651 644 612 624 820 767 893 1 115 1 191 1 395 1 173Other ZWLN 2 323 1 784 1 250 1 454 1 448 1 237 1 398 1 567 1 687 2 082 2 925
Total Asia LGJO 39 522 32 561 33 162 36 714 37 587 36 386 41 075 45 336 51 932 52 315 55 086
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia LGJP 3 983 3 644 3 763 4 287 4 262 3 940 4 312 4 752 5 293 5 266 5 815New Zealand LGJQ 689 657 678 606 610 586 650 800 828 751 778Other LGJR 145 89 99 127 137 152 179 175 146 178 152
Total Australasia & Oceania LGJS 4 817 4 390 4 540 5 020 5 009 4 678 5 141 5 727 6 267 6 195 6 745
AfricaEgypt ZWLY 620 609 822 778 792 689 697 991 917 1 030 1 300Morocco ZWMG 385 405 406 468 450 396 406 402 307 391 366South Africa LGJT 2 485 2 454 2 406 2 389 2 663 2 606 2 856 2 958 3 209 3 521 3 650Other North Africa ZWLV 705 732 504 684 664 700 874 823 858 893 959Other ZWLO 3 371 4 115 3 569 3 385 3 771 3 691 4 074 3 969 4 257 4 925 5 241
Total Africa LGJV 7 566 8 315 7 707 7 704 8 340 8 081 8 907 9 143 9 548 10 760 11 516
International Organisations LGJW 83 47 40 51 64 85 73 52 60 42 43
World total KTMW 237 478 233 284 242 691 269 819 276 866 280 536 290 677 303 392 331 028 376 384 368 337
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
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continued Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Imports
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria LGJY 1 742 1 872 1 909 1 887 2 394 3 084 3 436 3 107 3 327 3 673 3 294Belgium and Luxembourg LGJZ 10 738 11 281 11 879 12 602 13 959 15 237 15 411 16 199 17 615 20 842 18 535
of which Belgium A8EO .. .. 11 578 12 287 13 475 14 273 14 439 14 902 16 394 17 691 17 358Luxembourg A8ER .. .. 301 315 484 964 972 1 297 1 221 3 151 1 177
Bulgaria ZWNX 122 103 105 123 153 212 228 324 423 448 571Cyprus1 A8EP .. .. 952 1 093 1 302 1 224 1 339 1 286 1 478 2 627 1 327Czech Republic LGKS 555 701 726 970 1 296 1 500 1 749 1 717 2 351 3 523 3 454Denmark LGKA 2 822 2 667 2 980 3 304 3 577 4 341 4 182 4 201 5 320 7 455 4 426Estonia ZWOD 149 155 194 342 310 345 299 426 416 2 167 281Finland LGKB 2 731 2 547 2 670 3 169 3 325 3 073 2 977 2 620 2 784 3 481 3 020France LGKC 22 788 23 700 25 097 26 175 27 655 28 639 28 651 28 640 30 950 35 995 31 671Germany LGKD 29 226 28 969 31 569 33 167 35 431 37 842 39 247 41 825 46 932 50 620 52 775Greece LGKE 1 341 1 414 1 834 2 076 2 362 2 462 2 592 2 603 2 702 2 797 2 863Hungary ZWOJ 537 617 757 778 836 975 1 271 1 766 2 134 2 688 2 734Ireland LGKF 9 078 9 600 10 877 12 522 14 478 15 492 12 497 13 205 13 873 14 275 15 240Italy LGKG 11 541 12 106 12 038 12 370 12 862 13 813 14 910 15 728 16 953 16 919 17 916Latvia ZWOM 336 295 286 431 459 504 554 731 769 917 697Lithuania ZWOL 143 147 163 253 251 305 310 289 345 358 396Malta1 A8ES .. .. 323 349 400 406 464 502 520 455 489Netherlands LGKH 14 228 15 525 16 211 18 406 18 523 19 523 20 012 21 516 24 020 25 894 26 510Poland LGKT 726 797 851 1 089 1 366 1 452 1 769 2 133 2 876 4 579 4 887Portugal LGKI 2 593 2 618 2 827 2 756 2 741 2 969 3 333 3 322 3 454 4 483 3 177Romania ZWOO 220 244 304 400 525 606 770 916 970 1 028 1 110Slovak Republic ZWOQ 81 103 130 166 191 238 281 294 437 909 1 366Slovenia ZWOP 107 112 118 151 166 196 193 203 249 793 361Spain LGKJ 9 654 10 953 11 899 12 636 14 591 17 036 18 225 18 217 20 903 22 057 20 397Sweden LGKK 5 215 4 900 5 426 5 781 5 500 5 157 5 701 6 266 6 781 7 342 6 479European Central Bank ZWNR β β 1 1 1 1 β β β β βEU Institutions LGKL 1 10 6 3 5 14 17 4 4 2 β
Total EU27 GCU9 .. .. 142 132 153 000 164 659 176 646 180 418 188 040 208 586 236 327 223 976
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland LGKN 263 297 307 440 325 331 342 411 417 501 506Liechtenstein LGKO 27 53 30 28 32 23 36 22 17 43 60Norway LGKP 5 264 3 965 4 045 6 099 6 170 6 524 7 133 9 256 13 053 15 466 15 316Switzerland LGKQ 5 809 6 231 6 879 7 118 6 131 6 271 5 553 5 277 6 240 6 728 7 524
Total EFTA LGKR 11 363 10 546 11 261 13 685 12 658 13 149 13 064 14 966 19 727 22 738 23 406
Other EuropeAlbania ZWNV 2 1 7 7 9 15 17 20 8 13 22Belarus ZWNY 15 25 21 36 22 34 26 73 279 729 603Croatia ZWOI 67 77 60 68 106 115 123 137 193 243 232Russia LGKU 1 577 1 588 1 461 1 684 2 265 2 246 2 757 4 006 5 558 6 466 6 107Turkey LGKV 1 569 1 665 1 728 1 971 2 238 2 868 3 407 4 062 4 548 5 040 5 788Ukraine ZWOR 51 64 56 78 104 168 117 151 186 201 324Serbia and Montenegro ZWOU 44 41 45 45 61 63 75 76 85 138 146Other1 ZWNS 2 219 2 243 888 1 289 1 267 1 415 1 378 1 256 1 355 1 595 1 687
Total Europe LGKX 143 581 147 686 157 659 171 863 183 389 196 719 201 382 212 787 240 525 273 490 262 291
AmericasArgentina ZWNW 295 268 265 256 283 291 300 334 370 467 504Brazil LGKY 1 028 1 023 1 066 1 288 1 510 1 616 1 653 1 762 2 002 2 168 2 341Canada LGKZ 3 276 3 390 4 002 5 114 4 856 4 653 4 666 5 243 5 321 6 302 7 172Chile ZWNZ 394 372 370 486 512 508 457 546 559 558 571Colombia ZWOA 201 259 226 270 342 247 255 300 338 346 390Mexico LGLA 520 554 620 896 1 078 841 802 777 745 719 942United States of America LGLB 34 587 36 372 37 113 41 621 42 848 38 552 37 719 37 430 38 515 42 313 44 243Uruguay ZWOS 72 59 44 42 45 70 47 46 65 76 75Venezuela ZWOT 174 155 190 253 202 218 147 233 420 623 530Other Central American Countries ZWOC 1 533 1 758 1 862 2 517 2 022 2 078 2 414 2 983 2 961 4 052 3 758Other ZWOF 598 575 757 956 1 368 976 822 769 737 694 684
Total Americas LGLD 42 678 44 785 46 515 53 699 55 066 50 050 49 282 50 423 52 033 58 318 61 210
AsiaChina LGLE 2 544 3 035 3 650 5 118 6 116 7 222 8 805 10 946 13 658 16 048 19 682Hong Kong LGLF 4 741 4 906 5 529 6 488 6 360 6 185 6 215 6 477 7 361 8 182 8 103India LGLG 2 038 1 936 2 099 2 315 2 633 2 620 2 911 3 387 4 100 4 730 5 604Indonesia LGLH 989 958 1 081 1 206 1 249 1 142 1 172 1 018 937 1 096 1 054Iran ZWOK 46 57 54 73 65 62 74 102 76 131 104Israel LGLI 1 027 1 082 1 211 1 291 1 253 1 082 1 074 1 153 1 251 1 262 1 347Japan LGLJ 10 190 10 368 10 420 11 878 10 896 9 528 9 824 9 811 10 927 10 605 10 883Malaysia LGLK 2 175 2 145 2 147 2 515 2 130 1 924 2 037 2 231 2 085 2 148 1 909Pakistan LGLL 554 534 606 663 701 870 905 985 959 997 925Philippines LGLM 789 919 1 071 1 361 1 237 1 044 868 764 855 915 870Saudi Arabia LGLN 1 297 1 242 1 309 1 530 1 576 1 979 1 779 1 846 2 284 1 902 1 517Singapore LGLO 2 937 2 665 2 709 2 731 2 462 2 387 3 097 4 040 4 558 4 622 5 146South Korea LGLP 2 291 2 330 2 919 3 557 2 935 2 913 2 749 3 329 3 317 3 321 3 377Taiwan LGLQ 2 331 2 327 2 745 3 718 2 933 2 568 2 378 2 543 2 538 2 559 2 717Thailand LGLR 1 402 1 572 1 598 1 987 2 065 2 071 2 159 2 401 2 331 2 608 2 696Residual Gulf Arabian Countries ZWOG 984 1 233 1 267 1 523 1 689 1 836 2 277 2 651 3 029 3 456 3 580Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZWOH 160 159 219 243 288 340 328 317 432 988 556Other ZWNT 1 770 1 652 1 696 2 227 2 200 2 276 2 629 3 135 2 923 3 504 3 551
Total Asia LGLT 38 265 39 120 42 330 50 424 48 788 48 049 51 281 57 136 63 621 69 074 73 621
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia LGLU 2 211 2 327 2 384 2 734 3 027 3 118 3 265 3 259 3 969 3 916 4 021New Zealand LGLV 788 744 814 808 829 859 899 1 018 1 093 1 040 1 110Other LGLW 199 150 151 149 114 129 153 184 178 197 145
Total Australasia & Oceania LGLX 3 198 3 221 3 349 3 691 3 970 4 106 4 317 4 461 5 240 5 153 5 276
AfricaEgypt ZWOE 386 394 484 701 773 729 782 840 887 1 266 1 132Morocco ZWON 424 468 520 568 586 594 584 659 595 612 816South Africa LGLY 1 742 1 838 2 116 3 081 3 439 3 369 3 870 4 182 4 956 4 929 3 988Other North Africa ZWOB 550 612 551 1 022 864 851 834 1 067 1 283 1 902 2 130Other ZWNU 2 128 1 904 2 600 2 664 3 940 4 102 4 311 4 554 4 559 4 787 5 296
Total Africa LGMA 5 230 5 216 6 271 8 036 9 602 9 645 10 381 11 302 12 280 13 496 13 362
International Organisations LGMB 67 66 56 80 62 40 29 37 43 57 57
World total KTMX 233 019 240 094 256 180 287 793 300 878 308 609 316 672 336 146 373 742 419 588 415 817
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
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continued Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Balances
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria LGMD β264 β331 β342 β336 β761 β1 393 β1 748 β1 576 β1 474 β1 428 β1 311Belgium and Luxembourg LGME β449 β814 β238 197 β1 572 β1 866 β824 β1 852 β2 552 β2 087 β2 069
of which Belgium A8HC .. .. β468 β97 β1 815 β1 708 β807 β1 723 β2 396 β1 726 β2 687Luxembourg A8HF .. .. 230 294 243 β158 β17 β129 β156 β361 618
Bulgaria ZWSK β24 β8 12 4 4 β3 β7 β91 β109 β94 β206Cyprus1 A8HD .. .. β559 β633 β876 β733 β787 β631 β807 β1 314 β411Czech Republic LGMX 279 196 160 125 β36 β288 β502 β411 β936 β1 651 β1 552Denmark LGMF 163 432 59 191 80 β238 β474 β554 β1 465 β1 427 125Estonia ZWSQ β70 β82 β129 β234 β213 β224 β182 β291 β264 β1 638 β17Finland LGMG β607 β576 β655 β743 β835 β799 β606 β305 β412 β549 109France LGMH β2 447 β2 988 β3 318 β2 155 β2 328 β3 861 β3 506 β3 471 β4 555 β98 β5 562Germany LGMI β3 464 β2 993 β5 347 β3 696 β4 583 β8 281 β10 582 β11 960 β14 756 β13 260 β17 799Greece LGMJ 369 330 189 11 β397 β463 β516 β451 β408 β559 β612Hungary ZWSW 8 β36 β133 41 β19 β7 β189 β461 β742 β1 419 β1 377Ireland LGMK 2 671 2 579 2 491 2 701 3 015 4 218 5 043 6 540 8 986 10 033 9 727Italy LGML β1 113 β1 068 β1 394 β1 248 β1 557 β2 289 β3 278 β3 904 β4 461 β3 769 β4 630Latvia ZWSZ β224 β193 β193 β317 β342 β389 β412 β590 β574 β456 β462Lithuania ZWSY β17 β24 β52 β105 β68 β124 β78 β92 β66 β18 35Malta1 A8HG .. .. β68 β86 β133 β117 β131 β166 β209 β50 β2Netherlands LGMM 2 723 722 1 586 1 318 990 β803 β1 005 β2 826 β4 390 β1 781 β3 152Poland LGMY 873 668 590 496 268 258 104 β210 β425 β887 β1 553Portugal LGMN β498 β440 β531 β660 β677 β921 β1 336 β1 063 β1 127 β1 546 β1 043Romania ZWTB 25 18 β18 25 β111 β98 β164 β170 β196 β229 β201Slovak Republic ZWTD 81 24 15 30 55 β7 β8 β24 β79 β525 β844Slovenia ZWTC 64 30 48 34 32 34 11 12 β17 β523 β96Spain LGMO β1 450 β1 986 β2 257 β2 078 β3 976 β5 934 β6 404 β6 171 β6 479 β5 337 β5 326Sweden LGMP 430 867 47 48 87 193 β178 β209 β438 β132 743European Central Bank ZWSE β β β1 2 11 2 β β β β βEU Institutions LGMQ 247 218 226 245 539 530 498 574 596 602 624
Total EU27 GD6Q .. .. β9 812 β6 823 β13 403 β23 603 β27 261 β30 353 β37 359 β30 142 β36 862
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland LGMS β51 β91 β118 β174 β112 β136 β129 β155 β104 β127 β137Liechtenstein LGMT β4 β27 6 15 1 22 7 37 24 19 46Norway LGMU β1 672 β91 β909 β3 050 β3 381 β3 379 β3 919 β5 803 β9 031 β11 415 β10 110Switzerland LGMV β486 β851 β1 414 β1 273 853 776 1 862 1 890 3 601 3 049 2 700
Total EFTA LGMW β2 213 β1 060 β2 435 β4 482 β2 640 β2 717 β2 179 β4 031 β5 510 β8 474 β7 501
Other EuropeAlbania ZWSI 5 7 8 2 19 10 β1 14 16 16 9Belarus ZWSL 27 8 9 28 14 2 16 β14 β215 β658 β518Croatia ZWSV 57 41 58 42 16 34 66 31 β30 β1 23Russia LGMZ 27 β215 β632 β601 β902 β684 β604 β1 638 β2 566 β2 748 β1 147Turkey LGNA 507 235 β129 180 β690 β1 209 β1 366 β1 792 β1 876 β2 079 β2 808Ukraine ZWTE 153 167 114 121 127 316 254 129 190 284 321Serbia and Montenegro ZWTH 32 22 23 90 31 27 30 11 7 β8 20Other1 ZWSF 350 β525 460 149 78 224 835 1 210 1 644 1 841 1 951
Total Europe LGNC β3 749 β6 775 β12 336 β11 294 β17 350 β27 600 β30 210 β36 433 β45 699 β41 969 β46 512
AmericasArgentina ZWSJ 311 402 195 218 176 β81 β83 β13 β102 β147 β144Brazil LGND 312 303 51 β163 β310 β415 β493 β661 β794 β766 β803Canada LGNE 55 170 β73 β230 β14 β3 168 β121 β288 β389 β1 438Chile ZWSM β126 β76 β149 β275 β277 β306 β255 β328 β319 β252 β210Colombia ZWSN 29 β17 β71 β113 β97 β78 β50 β92 β153 β143 β181Mexico LGNF 81 127 178 46 β109 128 157 208 201 415 190United States of America LGNG 1 497 417 4 816 6 929 5 607 12 335 14 930 16 949 16 930 18 586 19 952Uruguay ZWTF 15 20 31 22 8 β35 43 β4 β13 β19 β22Venezuela ZWTG 80 159 83 52 222 187 98 55 β88 β319 β218Other Central American Countries ZWSP 402 507 269 β119 266 821 683 634 1 201 384 874Other ZWSS 324 263 74 β305 β712 β416 β171 β270 β213 β117 β42
Total Americas LGNI 2 980 2 275 5 404 6 062 4 759 12 136 15 027 16 357 16 362 17 233 17 958
AsiaChina LGNJ β1 390 β1 872 β1 983 β3 201 β3 816 β5 005 β5 992 β7 301 β9 455 β11 373 β14 458Hong Kong LGNK β558 β1 248 β2 148 β2 774 β2 583 β2 768 β2 539 β2 722 β2 928 β4 043 β3 778India LGNL 124 β206 β128 296 β186 β230 95 β153 β141 β416 β957Indonesia LGNM β87 β390 β531 β610 β731 β644 β555 β430 β382 β501 β522Iran ZWSX 407 356 282 343 538 520 622 581 591 501 442Israel LGNN 528 306 611 670 615 775 655 640 658 493 374Japan LGNO β3 296 β4 492 β3 894 β4 737 β3 665 β2 101 β2 209 β1 729 β2 727 β2 222 β2 530Malaysia LGNP β460 β924 β819 β1 218 β725 β643 β586 β689 β533 β781 β500Pakistan LGNQ 23 β63 β89 β280 β194 β457 β431 β410 β68 β160 β197Philippines LGNR β53 β525 β706 β905 β667 β587 β350 β322 β437 β574 β507Saudi Arabia LGNS 4 131 3 298 2 333 2 396 2 096 1 382 2 360 2 011 1 494 2 443 3 346Singapore LGNT β309 β483 48 β20 424 224 138 β185 160 566 613South Korea LGNU β575 β1 172 β1 559 β1 811 β1 245 β947 β807 β935 β903 β737 β544Taiwan LGNV β1 022 β1 225 β1 629 β2 422 β1 763 β1 350 β1 099 β1 078 β1 016 β1 077 β1 141Thailand LGNW β260 β955 β928 β1 211 β1 252 β1 335 β1 253 β1 445 β1 435 β1 755 β1 786Residual Gulf Arabian Countries ZWST 3 010 2 419 2 025 2 166 2 174 2 116 2 411 3 137 5 910 3 892 3 619Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZWSU 491 485 393 381 532 427 565 798 759 407 617Other ZWSG 553 132 β446 β773 β752 β1 039 β1 231 β1 568 β1 236 β1 422 β626
Total Asia LGNY 1 257 β6 559 β9 168 β13 710 β11 201 β11 663 β10 206 β11 800 β11 689 β16 759 β18 535
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia LGNZ 1 772 1 317 1 379 1 553 1 235 822 1 047 1 493 1 324 1 350 1 794New Zealand LGOA β99 β87 β136 β202 β219 β273 β249 β218 β265 β289 β332Other LGOB β54 β61 β52 β22 23 23 26 β9 β32 β19 7
Total Australasia & Oceania LGOC 1 619 1 169 1 191 1 329 1 039 572 824 1 266 1 027 1 042 1 469
AfricaEgypt ZWSR 234 215 338 77 19 β40 β85 151 30 β236 168Morocco ZWTA β39 β63 β114 β100 β136 β198 β178 β257 β288 β221 β450South Africa LGOD 743 616 290 β692 β776 β763 β1 014 β1 224 β1 747 β1 408 β338Other North Africa ZWSO 155 120 β47 β338 β200 β151 40 β244 β425 β1 009 β1 171Other ZWSH 1 243 2 211 969 721 β169 β411 β237 β585 β302 138 β55
Total Africa LGOF 2 336 3 099 1 436 β332 β1 262 β1 564 β1 474 β2 159 β2 732 β2 736 β1 846
International Organisations LGOG 16 β19 β16 β29 2 45 44 15 17 β15 β14
World total KTMY 4 459 β6 810 β13 489 β17 974 β24 012 β28 073 β25 995 β32 754 β42 714 β43 204 β47 480
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
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Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
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Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Exports
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria QBRY 1 159 1 190 1 168 1 146 1 224 1 265 1 264 1 095 1 332 1 699 1 376Belgium and Luxembourg QBSB 8 451 8 445 9 241 10 322 9 893 10 552 11 374 10 510 11 394 15 082 12 111
of which Belgium QDOH .. .. 9 117 10 102 9 609 10 182 11 073 10 249 11 182 13 418 11 840Luxembourg QDOK .. .. 124 220 284 370 301 261 212 1 664 271
Bulgaria QAMF 78 81 76 85 122 134 154 155 220 237 202Cyprus1 QDNZ .. .. 259 311 291 272 317 324 359 960 415Czech Republic QDLF 709 698 733 927 1 075 1 031 1 003 978 1 080 1 526 1 399Denmark QBSE 2 093 2 057 2 054 2 315 2 267 2 729 2 180 2 042 2 314 3 715 2 180Estonia QAMN 64 68 51 96 83 100 95 106 115 472 228Finland QBSH 1 570 1 434 1 354 1 471 1 611 1 442 1 493 1 363 1 514 1 872 1 958France QDJA 16 601 16 449 16 907 18 577 19 249 18 757 18 885 18 562 19 931 28 693 18 086Germany QDJD 20 685 20 590 20 464 22 789 23 655 22 064 20 805 21 668 23 025 27 602 24 672Greece QDJG 1 047 1 045 1 206 1 251 1 156 1 234 1 286 1 408 1 367 1 469 1 344Hungary QDLI 435 486 486 613 612 750 856 934 834 855 863Ireland QDJJ 9 357 9 604 10 783 12 372 13 835 15 422 12 224 14 134 16 294 17 480 17 782Italy QDJM 8 214 8 608 7 831 8 429 8 404 8 506 8 603 8 400 8 790 9 494 9 178Latvia QAMO 85 86 69 84 84 77 113 92 103 393 145Lithuania QAMP 107 116 96 131 137 149 189 142 167 238 311Malta1 QDOC .. .. 189 206 215 228 260 259 240 319 362Netherlands QDJP 13 923 12 983 13 632 15 167 14 599 14 011 13 597 12 029 12 716 16 522 15 098Poland QDLL 1 354 1 178 1 169 1 299 1 297 1 318 1 462 1 417 1 653 2 705 2 370Portugal QDJT 1 752 1 722 1 712 1 660 1 579 1 518 1 453 1 580 1 698 2 374 1 479Romania QAMQ 213 233 242 381 341 432 509 609 647 637 666Slovak Republic QAMR 132 103 114 157 203 201 237 224 259 272 381Slovenia QAMS 149 136 140 157 160 182 161 163 169 200 203Spain QDJW 6 745 7 171 7 526 8 302 8 363 8 490 8 943 9 100 10 677 12 295 9 970Sweden QDJZ 4 451 4 392 4 035 4 211 3 951 3 873 3 823 4 356 4 588 5 246 4 899European Central Bank QARP β β β β β β β β β β βEU Institutions EOAY β β β β β β β β β β β
Total EU27 LGCJ .. .. 101 537 112 459 114 406 114 737 111 286 111 650 121 486 152 357 127 678
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland QDKW 157 158 159 193 150 131 141 167 179 188 195Liechtenstein EPOW 10 4 2 6 3 2 3 6 2 20 3Norway QDKZ 2 609 2 658 1 999 2 018 1 813 1 696 1 886 1 939 2 211 2 125 2 675Switzerland QDLC 2 955 2 892 2 768 3 061 3 496 3 080 2 786 2 842 4 985 4 189 3 774
Total EFTA EPOT 5 731 5 712 4 928 5 278 5 461 4 909 4 816 4 954 7 377 6 522 6 647
Other EuropeAlbania QAMC 7 8 12 7 23 19 10 12 16 16 20Belarus QAME 35 32 27 37 33 32 38 53 57 62 71Croatia QAMM 105 106 80 72 88 94 138 125 118 144 157Russia QDLO 1 233 929 532 668 893 981 1 420 1 465 1 869 2 063 2 868Turkey QDLR 1 734 1 562 1 198 1 800 1 150 1 287 1 638 1 903 2 160 2 426 2 261Ukraine QAMT 166 166 147 156 202 182 245 224 279 338 446Serbia and Montenegro QAMW 37 43 29 32 51 62 65 66 58 88 105Other1 BOQE 682 604 133 196 185 134 176 214 249 326 289
Total Europe EPLM 109 104 108 037 108 623 120 705 122 492 122 437 119 832 120 666 133 669 164 342 140 542
AmericasArgentina QAOM 486 458 293 288 264 127 134 178 167 217 233Brazil QDLU 1 030 899 739 775 808 880 825 789 836 918 1 100Canada QATH 2 146 2 147 2 532 3 487 3 203 3 107 3 239 3 340 3 277 3 894 3 261Chile QAMG 211 171 115 115 132 115 123 134 150 184 189Colombia QAML 170 175 107 101 105 83 108 118 117 134 139Mexico QDLX 428 516 577 675 681 704 687 629 638 747 794United States of America QAMH 20 853 21 082 24 040 29 276 29 244 28 197 28 672 28 589 30 916 32 098 32 113Uruguay QAMU 78 68 66 57 48 30 30 32 39 41 36Venezuela QAMV 206 242 205 222 314 306 143 190 234 236 257Other Central American Countries BOQQ 758 785 922 979 684 690 712 619 677 855 866Other BOQT 655 589 596 431 437 409 491 352 332 356 345
Total Americas EPLO 27 021 27 132 30 192 36 406 35 919 34 647 35 164 34 970 37 383 39 680 39 333
AsiaChina QDMA 922 860 1 211 1 468 1 709 1 493 1 924 2 366 2 811 3 264 3 826Hong Kong QDMD 3 215 2 671 2 312 2 673 2 683 2 411 2 481 2 630 3 087 2 864 2 702India QDMG 1 576 1 242 1 450 2 058 1 772 1 755 2 284 2 234 2 798 2 693 2 944Indonesia QDMJ 674 369 385 404 313 324 452 397 366 311 287Iran QAON 380 320 237 292 434 397 471 442 452 423 388Israel QDMM 1 178 1 079 1 295 1 516 1 357 1 428 1 359 1 386 1 352 1 308 1 246Japan QAMJ 4 180 3 127 3 300 3 672 3 673 3 583 3 710 3 863 3 900 4 109 3 836Malaysia QDMP 1 206 677 934 907 1 029 877 1 028 991 1 088 877 966Pakistan QDMS 271 228 221 207 229 240 291 343 461 488 418Philippines QDMV 601 301 239 273 392 352 377 315 279 242 251Saudi Arabia QDMY 3 656 2 605 1 481 1 557 1 525 1 388 1 819 1 611 1 559 1 644 1 843Singapore QDNB 2 047 1 598 1 597 1 625 1 592 1 445 1 582 1 708 2 078 2 318 2 445South Korea QDNE 1 222 666 949 1 350 1 262 1 461 1 468 1 481 1 677 1 746 1 898Taiwan QDNH 1 036 867 865 1 015 875 848 897 950 939 911 949Thailand QDNK 863 386 463 582 594 529 572 637 638 567 606Residual Gulf Arabian Countries BOQW 3 127 2 640 2 258 2 586 2 749 2 620 3 353 4 027 6 951 5 074 4 462Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries QARJ 498 466 406 393 481 499 632 774 744 972 760Other BORB 1 186 771 592 644 564 510 600 607 580 677 1 503
Total Asia EPLP 27 838 20 873 20 195 23 222 23 232 22 159 25 300 26 762 31 760 30 488 31 330
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia QDNN 2 454 2 188 2 155 2 699 2 298 2 114 2 289 2 455 2 580 2 488 2 610New Zealand QDNQ 409 336 324 305 309 311 348 418 415 373 360Other EGIZ 84 42 38 43 42 55 64 43 81 70 56
Total Australasia & Oceania EPLQ 2 947 2 566 2 517 3 047 2 649 2 480 2 701 2 916 3 076 2 931 3 026
AfricaEgypt QDNT 501 505 539 498 452 463 458 667 543 577 682Morocco QAOO 356 348 359 407 368 346 358 340 261 306 294South Africa QDNW 1 646 1 520 1 281 1 413 1 534 1 597 1 766 1 874 2 073 2 184 2 225Other North Africa BORU 451 440 386 419 445 478 587 540 484 494 512Other BOQH 2 059 2 635 2 074 1 819 2 000 1 917 2 154 2 139 2 359 2 633 2 759
Total Africa EPLN 5 013 5 448 4 639 4 556 4 799 4 800 5 323 5 560 5 720 6 194 6 472
International Organisations EPLR β β β β β β β β β β β
World total LQAD 171 923 164 056 166 166 187 936 189 093 186 524 188 320 190 874 211 608 243 635 220 703
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
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continued Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Imports
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria QBRZ 1 393 1 411 1 453 1 410 1 888 2 396 2 776 2 354 2 461 2 786 2 482Belgium and Luxembourg QBSC 9 390 9 831 10 156 10 927 12 159 13 201 13 205 13 846 15 155 18 183 15 765
of which Belgium QDOI .. .. 10 079 10 795 11 859 12 449 12 481 12 906 14 238 15 558 15 073Luxembourg QDOL .. .. 77 132 300 752 724 940 917 2 625 692
Bulgaria QAMZ 88 74 69 85 101 116 124 150 169 208 237Cyprus1 QDOA .. .. 186 208 243 247 251 205 272 1 445 188Czech Republic QDLG 450 555 580 802 1 097 1 250 1 412 1 291 1 883 2 987 2 972Denmark QBSF 2 316 2 156 2 341 2 630 2 922 3 595 3 399 3 357 4 393 6 439 3 430Estonia QAND 147 150 188 309 283 327 264 379 363 2 100 226Finland QBTG 2 544 2 328 2 365 2 765 2 965 2 791 2 663 2 336 2 431 3 118 2 605France QDJB 18 020 17 956 18 410 18 644 20 127 20 798 20 389 20 133 21 984 26 376 21 821Germany QDJE 25 632 25 095 26 812 28 462 30 192 32 442 33 667 35 381 39 169 42 660 44 428Greece QDJH 396 363 408 459 476 555 613 637 703 789 612Hungary QDLJ 465 535 668 683 710 846 1 120 1 579 1 860 2 348 2 372Ireland QDJK 7 391 7 802 8 705 10 261 12 141 13 176 9 920 10 131 10 411 10 770 11 313Italy QDJN 9 548 9 744 9 383 9 514 9 860 10 675 11 481 12 184 12 673 12 775 13 271Latvia QANE 331 290 274 406 439 485 525 693 725 833 605Lithuania QANF 140 140 158 247 235 268 285 270 273 274 297Malta1 QDOD .. .. 127 126 144 168 185 184 177 161 179Netherlands QDJQ 12 328 13 408 13 768 15 380 15 395 16 143 16 692 18 196 20 436 22 275 23 010Poland QDLM 597 653 676 905 1 166 1 265 1 545 1 835 2 320 3 622 3 684Portugal QDJU 1 763 1 790 1 822 1 735 1 625 1 761 1 966 1 928 2 018 3 054 1 482Romania QANG 195 222 253 336 448 522 679 786 803 861 938Slovak Republic QANH 71 71 102 136 177 211 259 261 370 815 1 271Slovenia QANI 95 100 104 122 149 173 169 169 201 740 318Spain QDJX 5 102 5 738 5 966 6 141 7 360 9 190 9 247 9 120 11 450 12 144 10 380Sweden QDKA 4 693 4 361 4 648 4 951 4 671 4 330 4 568 5 118 5 463 5 985 5 256European Central Bank QARQ β β β β β β β β β β βEU Institutions EOBS β β β β β β β β β β β
Total EU27 LGDB .. .. 109 622 117 644 126 973 136 931 137 404 142 523 158 163 183 748 169 142
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland QDKX 229 251 282 365 281 289 296 355 346 402 414Liechtenstein EPOX 26 20 23 22 25 22 25 18 13 37 37Norway QDLA 4 666 3 440 3 546 5 563 5 523 5 258 6 423 8 495 12 077 14 453 14 278Switzerland QDLD 4 636 4 755 5 341 5 485 4 544 4 595 3 759 3 447 3 884 4 372 4 731
Total EFTA EPOU 9 557 8 466 9 192 11 435 10 373 10 164 10 503 12 315 16 320 19 264 19 460
Other EuropeAlbania QAMX 2 β 1 2 β 2 3 β β β βBelarus QAMY 14 20 20 34 18 31 22 72 271 710 582Croatia QANC 34 40 39 41 51 68 50 54 54 67 75Russia QDLP 1 418 1 406 1 324 1 496 2 047 1 950 2 454 3 506 5 010 5 740 5 243Turkey QDLS 990 1 103 1 204 1 450 1 669 2 164 2 619 3 250 3 510 3 946 4 618Ukraine QANJ 37 50 47 64 71 143 94 108 91 125 129Serbia and Montenegro QANM 30 30 14 23 23 30 34 38 42 64 74Other1 BOQF 345 407 172 177 271 261 283 265 325 303 313
Total Europe EPMM 115 522 116 295 121 635 132 366 141 496 151 744 153 466 162 131 183 786 213 967 199 636
AmericasArgentina QAOP 258 198 190 181 209 236 252 265 283 351 414Brazil QDLV 911 883 910 1 114 1 279 1 365 1 477 1 545 1 740 1 905 2 059Canada QATI 2 480 2 519 3 026 4 009 3 664 3 563 3 664 4 194 4 157 4 954 5 775Chile QANA 374 329 328 451 464 460 414 474 478 519 502Colombia QANB 178 199 191 231 311 212 223 277 298 299 353Mexico QDLY 371 366 395 613 680 505 490 411 446 444 581United States of America QAMI 24 329 24 785 24 360 28 416 29 345 25 149 22 857 22 103 22 187 25 551 25 803Uruguay QANK 70 53 40 36 36 47 43 41 58 63 69Venezuela QANL 150 115 144 207 160 183 113 207 386 593 492Other Central American Countries BOQR 680 712 871 1 044 616 766 1 000 1 100 1 189 1 380 1 116Other BOQU 388 410 542 700 1 220 852 692 659 567 569 521
Total Americas EPMO 30 189 30 569 30 997 37 002 37 984 33 338 31 225 31 276 31 789 36 628 37 685
AsiaChina QDMB 2 379 2 816 3 384 4 826 5 741 6 726 8 342 10 390 12 962 15 237 18 681Hong Kong QDME 4 146 4 391 4 909 5 917 5 754 5 561 5 500 5 761 6 602 7 338 6 922India QDMH 1 546 1 382 1 426 1 651 1 816 1 804 2 093 2 287 2 781 3 121 3 798Indonesia QDMK 862 854 931 1 081 1 128 1 006 875 918 839 958 929Iran QAOQ 29 32 33 30 28 33 29 41 34 70 64Israel QDMN 839 875 996 1 025 939 880 861 920 1 002 965 1 042Japan QAMK 9 031 9 124 9 118 10 214 9 080 8 079 8 085 8 109 8 669 7 857 7 863Malaysia QDMQ 1 931 1 892 1 961 2 288 1 939 1 731 1 867 2 022 1 813 1 895 1 678Pakistan QDMT 362 340 318 363 421 472 519 554 487 511 512Philippines QDMW 726 855 983 1 155 1 155 944 713 655 712 742 714Saudi Arabia QDMZ 841 791 783 977 933 677 715 1 158 1 714 1 232 824Singapore QDNC 2 585 2 343 2 348 2 395 2 067 1 959 2 672 3 379 3 828 3 756 4 236South Korea QDNF 2 147 2 201 2 784 3 416 2 756 2 728 2 563 3 083 3 063 3 069 3 063Taiwan QDNI 2 230 2 217 2 626 3 561 2 784 2 385 2 198 2 341 2 226 2 339 2 410Thailand QDNL 1 166 1 264 1 291 1 602 1 607 1 550 1 646 1 760 1 719 1 922 2 005Residual Gulf Arabian Countries BOQX 734 847 833 1 109 1 138 1 225 1 516 1 725 2 012 2 198 2 086Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries QARK 87 81 135 118 133 189 177 110 233 766 386Other BORD 1 138 1 117 1 217 1 596 1 665 1 719 1 984 2 238 2 077 2 479 2 693
Total Asia EPMP 32 779 33 422 36 076 43 324 41 084 39 668 42 355 47 451 52 773 56 455 59 906
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia QDNO 1 320 1 363 1 338 1 543 1 776 1 688 1 789 1 868 2 100 2 107 2 241New Zealand QDNR 555 517 565 544 542 522 552 584 592 600 664Other HFKF 164 124 122 124 94 96 125 130 130 120 98Total Australasia & Oceania EPMQ 2 039 2 004 2 025 2 211 2 412 2 306 2 466 2 582 2 822 2 827 3 003
AfricaEgypt QDNU 256 277 255 411 406 416 432 495 349 662 538Morocco QAOR 331 349 383 454 439 453 443 510 420 373 434South Africa QDNX 1 323 1 351 1 636 2 553 2 841 2 685 2 949 3 272 3 937 3 904 3 053Other North Africa BORW 323 280 333 699 515 588 568 736 935 1 617 1 720Other BOQJ 1 503 1 322 1 877 1 892 3 127 3 031 3 023 3 321 3 386 3 514 3 980
Total Africa EPMN 3 736 3 579 4 484 6 009 7 328 7 173 7 415 8 334 9 027 10 070 9 725
International Organisations EPMR β β β β β β β β β β β
World total LQBL 184 265 185 869 195 217 220 912 230 305 234 229 236 927 251 774 280 197 319 947 309 955
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
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continued Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Balances
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria QBSA β234 β221 β285 β264 β664 β1 131 β1 512 β1 259 β1 129 β1 087 β1 106Belgium and Luxembourg QBSD β939 β1 386 β915 β605 β2 266 β2 649 β1 831 β3 336 β3 761 β3 101 β3 654
of which Belgium QDOJ .. .. β962 β693 β2 250 β2 267 β1 408 β2 657 β3 056 β2 140 β3 233Luxembourg QDOM .. .. 47 88 β16 β382 β423 β679 β705 β961 β421
Bulgaria QANP β10 7 7 β 21 18 30 5 51 29 β35Cyprus1 QDOB .. .. 73 103 48 25 66 119 87 β485 227Czech Republic QDLH 259 143 153 125 β22 β219 β409 β313 β803 β1 461 β1 573Denmark QBSG β223 β99 β287 β315 β655 β866 β1 219 β1 315 β2 079 β2 724 β1 250Estonia QANT β83 β82 β137 β213 β200 β227 β169 β273 β248 β1 628 2Finland QBTL β974 β894 β1 011 β1 294 β1 354 β1 349 β1 170 β973 β917 β1 246 β647France QDJC β1 419 β1 507 β1 503 β67 β878 β2 041 β1 504 β1 571 β2 053 2 317 β3 735Germany QDJF β4 947 β4 505 β6 348 β5 673 β6 537 β10 378 β12 862 β13 713 β16 144 β15 058 β19 756Greece QDJI 651 682 798 792 680 679 673 771 664 680 732Hungary QDLK β30 β49 β182 β70 β98 β96 β264 β645 β1 026 β1 493 β1 509Ireland QDJL 1 966 1 802 2 078 2 111 1 694 2 246 2 304 4 003 5 883 6 710 6 469Italy QDJO β1 334 β1 136 β1 552 β1 085 β1 456 β2 169 β2 878 β3 784 β3 883 β3 281 β4 093Latvia QANU β246 β204 β205 β322 β355 β408 β412 β601 β622 β440 β460Lithuania QANV β33 β24 β62 β116 β98 β119 β96 β128 β106 β36 14Malta1 QDOE .. .. 62 80 71 60 75 75 63 158 183Netherlands QDJR 1 595 β425 β136 β213 β796 β2 132 β3 095 β6 167 β7 720 β5 753 β7 912Poland QDLN 757 525 493 394 131 53 β83 β418 β667 β917 β1 314Portugal QDJV β11 β68 β110 β75 β46 β243 β513 β348 β320 β680 β3Romania QAOD 18 11 β11 45 β107 β90 β170 β177 β156 β224 β272Slovak Republic QAOG 61 32 12 21 26 β10 β22 β37 β111 β543 β890Slovenia QAOH 54 36 36 35 11 9 β8 β6 β32 β540 β115Spain QDJY 1 643 1 433 1 560 2 161 1 003 β700 β304 β20 β773 151 β410Sweden QDKV β242 31 β613 β740 β720 β457 β745 β762 β875 β739 β357European Central Bank QARR β β β β β β β β β β βEU Institutions EOCM β β β β β β β β β β β
Total EU27 LGCF .. .. β8 085 β5 185 β12 567 β22 194 β26 118 β30 873 β36 677 β31 391 β41 464
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland QDKY β72 β93 β123 β172 β131 β158 β155 β188 β167 β214 β219Liechtenstein EPOY β16 β16 β21 β16 β22 β20 β22 β12 β11 β17 β34Norway QDLB β2 057 β782 β1 547 β3 545 β3 710 β3 562 β4 537 β6 556 β9 866 β12 328 β11 603Switzerland QDLE β1 681 β1 863 β2 573 β2 424 β1 048 β1 515 β973 β605 1 101 β183 β957
Total EFTA EPOV β3 826 β2 754 β4 264 β6 157 β4 912 β5 255 β5 687 β7 361 β8 943 β12 742 β12 813
Other EuropeAlbania QANN 5 8 11 5 23 17 7 12 16 16 20Belarus QANO 21 12 7 3 15 1 16 β19 β214 β648 β511Croatia QANS 71 66 41 31 37 26 88 71 64 77 82Russia QDLQ β185 β477 β792 β828 β1 154 β969 β1 034 β2 041 β3 141 β3 677 β2 375Turkey QDLT 744 459 β6 350 β519 β877 β981 β1 347 β1 350 β1 520 β2 357Ukraine QAOI 129 116 100 92 131 39 151 116 188 213 317Serbia and Montenegro QAOL 7 13 15 9 28 32 31 28 16 24 31Other1 BOQG 337 197 β39 19 β86 β127 β107 β51 β76 23 β24
Total Europe EPNM β6 418 β8 258 β13 012 β11 661 β19 004 β29 307 β33 634 β41 465 β50 117 β49 625 β59 094
AmericasArgentina QAOS 228 260 103 107 55 β109 β118 β87 β116 β134 β181Brazil QDLW 119 16 β171 β339 β471 β485 β652 β756 β904 β987 β959Canada QBRV β334 β372 β494 β522 β461 β456 β425 β854 β880 β1 060 β2 514Chile QANQ β163 β158 β213 β336 β332 β345 β291 β340 β328 β335 β313Colombia QANR β8 β24 β84 β130 β206 β129 β115 β159 β181 β165 β214Mexico QDLZ 57 150 182 62 1 199 197 218 192 303 213United States of America QBRP β3 476 β3 703 β320 860 β101 3 048 5 815 6 486 8 729 6 547 6 310Uruguay QAOJ 8 15 26 21 12 β17 β13 β9 β19 β22 β33Venezuela QAOK 56 127 61 15 154 123 30 β17 β152 β357 β235Other Central American Countries BOQS 78 73 51 β65 68 β76 β288 β481 β512 β525 β250Other BOQV 267 179 54 β269 β783 β443 β201 β307 β235 β213 β176
Total Americas EPNO β3 168 β3 437 β805 β596 β2 065 1 309 3 939 3 694 5 594 3 052 1 648
AsiaChina QDMC β1 457 β1 956 β2 173 β3 358 β4 032 β5 233 β6 418 β8 024 β10 151 β11 973 β14 855Hong Kong QDMF β931 β1 720 β2 597 β3 244 β3 071 β3 150 β3 019 β3 131 β3 515 β4 474 β4 220India QDMI 30 β140 24 407 β44 β49 191 β53 17 β428 β854Indonesia QDML β188 β485 β546 β677 β815 β682 β423 β521 β473 β647 β642Iran QAOT 351 288 204 262 406 364 442 401 418 353 324Israel QDMO 339 204 299 491 418 548 498 466 350 343 204Japan QBRR β4 851 β5 997 β5 818 β6 542 β5 407 β4 496 β4 375 β4 246 β4 769 β3 748 β4 027Malaysia QDMR β725 β1 215 β1 027 β1 381 β910 β854 β839 β1 031 β725 β1 018 β712Pakistan QDMU β91 β112 β97 β156 β192 β232 β228 β211 β26 β23 β94Philippines QDMX β125 β554 β744 β882 β763 β592 β336 β340 β433 β500 β463Saudi Arabia QDNA 2 815 1 814 698 580 592 711 1 104 453 β155 412 1 019Singapore QDND β538 β745 β751 β770 β475 β514 β1 090 β1 671 β1 750 β1 438 β1 791South Korea QDNG β925 β1 535 β1 835 β2 066 β1 494 β1 267 β1 095 β1 602 β1 386 β1 323 β1 165Taiwan QDNJ β1 194 β1 350 β1 761 β2 546 β1 909 β1 537 β1 301 β1 391 β1 287 β1 428 β1 461Thailand QDNM β303 β878 β828 β1 020 β1 013 β1 021 β1 074 β1 123 β1 081 β1 355 β1 399Residual Gulf Arabian Countries BORA 2 393 1 793 1 425 1 477 1 611 1 395 1 837 2 302 4 939 2 876 2 376Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries QARL 411 385 271 275 348 310 455 664 511 207 374Other BORE 48 β346 β625 β952 β1 101 β1 209 β1 384 β1 631 β1 497 β1 802 β1 190
Total Asia EPNP β4 941 β12 549 β15 881 β20 102 β17 852 β17 509 β17 055 β20 689 β21 013 β25 966 β28 576
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia QDNP 1 134 825 817 1 156 522 426 500 587 480 381 369New Zealand QDNS β146 β181 β241 β239 β233 β211 β204 β166 β177 β227 β304Other HFKK β80 β82 β84 β81 β52 β41 β61 β87 β49 β50 β42
Total Australasia & Oceania EPNQ 908 562 492 836 237 174 235 334 254 104 23
AfricaEgypt QDNV 245 228 284 87 46 47 26 172 194 β85 144Morocco QAOU 25 β1 β24 β47 β71 β107 β85 β170 β159 β67 β140South Africa QDNY 323 169 β355 β1 140 β1 307 β1 088 β1 183 β1 398 β1 864 β1 720 β828Other North Africa BORX 128 160 53 β280 β70 β110 19 β196 β451 β1 123 β1 208Other BOQK 556 1 313 197 β73 β1 127 β1 114 β869 β1 182 β1 027 β881 β1 221
Total Africa EPNN 1 277 1 869 155 β1 453 β2 529 β2 373 β2 092 β2 774 β3 307 β3 876 β3 253
International Organisations EPNR β β β β β β β β β β β
World total LQCT β12 342 β21 813 β29 051 β32 976 β41 212 β47 705 β48 607 β60 900 β68 589 β76 313 β89 252
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
9.4 Trade in goods
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147
Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
148
9.5 Trade in servicesΒ£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Exports
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria FYVC 319 351 399 405 409 426 424 436 521 546 607Belgium and Luxembourg FYVD 1 838 2 022 2 400 2 477 2 494 2 819 3 213 3 837 3 669 3 673 4 355
of which Belgium A7RX .. .. 1 993 2 088 2 051 2 383 2 559 2 930 2 816 2 547 2 831Luxembourg A7S2 .. .. 407 389 443 436 654 907 853 1 126 1 524
Bulgaria ZWKO 20 14 41 42 35 75 67 78 94 117 163Cyprus1 A7RY .. .. 134 149 135 219 235 331 312 353 501Czech Republic FYVW 125 199 153 168 185 181 244 328 335 346 503Denmark FYVE 892 1 042 985 1 180 1 390 1 374 1 528 1 605 1 541 2 313 2 371Estonia ZWKU 15 5 14 12 14 21 22 29 37 57 36Finland FYVF 554 537 661 955 879 832 878 952 858 1 060 1 171France FYVG 3 740 4 263 4 872 5 443 6 078 6 021 6 260 6 607 6 464 7 204 8 023Germany FYVH 5 077 5 386 5 758 6 682 7 193 7 497 7 860 8 197 9 151 9 758 10 304Greece FYVI 663 699 817 836 809 765 790 744 927 769 907Hungary GYWV 110 95 138 206 205 218 226 371 558 414 494Ireland FYVJ 2 392 2 575 2 585 2 851 3 658 4 288 5 316 5 611 6 565 6 828 7 185Italy FYVK 2 214 2 430 2 813 2 693 2 901 3 018 3 029 3 424 3 702 3 656 4 108Latvia ZWLC 27 16 24 30 33 38 29 49 92 68 90Lithuania ZWLB 19 7 15 17 46 32 43 55 112 102 120Malta1 A7S3 .. .. 66 57 52 61 73 77 71 86 125Netherlands FYVL 3 028 3 264 4 165 4 557 4 914 4 709 5 410 6 661 6 914 7 591 8 260Poland FYVX 245 287 272 286 337 392 411 506 798 987 964Portugal FYVM 343 456 584 436 485 530 544 679 629 563 655Romania ZWLE 32 29 44 44 73 76 97 137 127 162 243Slovak Republic ZWLG 30 24 31 39 43 30 36 46 99 112 141Slovenia ZWLF 22 6 26 28 38 48 43 52 63 70 62Spain FYVN 1 459 1 796 2 116 2 256 2 252 2 612 2 878 2 946 3 747 4 425 5 101Sweden FYVO 1 194 1 375 1 438 1 618 1 636 1 477 1 700 1 701 1 755 1 964 2 323European Central Bank KNWZ β β β 3 12 3 β β β β βEU Institutions FYVP 248 228 232 248 544 544 515 578 600 604 624
Total EU27 GC8R .. .. 30 783 33 718 36 850 38 306 41 871 46 037 49 741 53 828 59 436
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland FYVR 55 48 30 73 63 64 72 89 134 186 174Liechtenstein FYVS 13 22 34 37 30 43 40 53 39 42 103Norway FYVT 983 1 216 1 137 1 031 976 1 449 1 328 1 514 1 811 1 926 2 531Switzerland FYVU 2 368 2 488 2 697 2 784 3 488 3 967 4 629 4 325 4 856 5 588 6 450Total EFTA FYVV 3 419 3 774 3 898 3 925 4 557 5 523 6 069 5 981 6 840 7 742 9 258
Other EuropeAlbania ZWKM β β 3 2 5 6 6 22 8 13 11Belarus ZWKP 7 1 3 27 3 4 4 6 7 9 14Croatia ZWKZ 19 12 38 38 34 55 51 43 45 98 98Russia FYVY 371 444 297 415 470 581 733 903 1 123 1 655 2 092Turkey FYVZ 342 338 401 351 398 372 403 367 512 535 719Ukraine ZWLH 38 65 23 43 29 302 126 56 97 147 199Serbia and Montenegro ZWLK 39 20 39 103 41 28 40 21 34 42 61Other1 ZWKJ 1 887 1 114 1 215 1 242 1 160 1 505 2 037 2 252 2 750 3 110 3 349
Total Europe FYWB 30 728 32 874 36 700 39 864 43 547 46 682 51 340 55 688 61 157 67 179 75 237
AmericasArgentina ZWKN 120 212 167 186 195 83 83 143 101 103 127Brazil FYWC 310 427 378 350 392 321 335 312 372 484 438Canada FYWD 1 185 1 413 1 397 1 397 1 639 1 543 1 595 1 782 1 756 2 019 2 473Chile ZWKQ 57 125 106 96 103 87 79 84 90 122 172Colombia ZWKR 60 67 48 56 140 86 97 90 68 69 70Mexico FYWE 173 165 221 267 288 265 272 356 308 387 338United States of America FYWF 15 231 15 707 17 889 19 274 19 211 22 690 23 977 25 790 24 529 28 801 32 082Uruguay ZWLI 9 11 9 7 5 5 60 10 13 16 17Venezuela ZWLJ 48 72 68 83 110 99 102 98 98 68 55Other Central American Countries ZWKT 1 177 1 480 1 209 1 419 1 604 2 209 2 385 2 998 3 485 3 581 3 766Other ZWKW 267 249 235 220 219 151 160 147 192 221 297
Total Americas FYWH 18 637 19 928 21 727 23 355 23 906 27 539 29 145 31 810 31 012 35 871 39 835
AsiaChina FYWI 232 303 456 449 591 724 889 1 279 1 392 1 411 1 398Hong Kong FYWJ 968 987 1 069 1 041 1 094 1 006 1 195 1 125 1 346 1 275 1 623India FYWK 586 488 521 553 675 635 722 1 000 1 161 1 621 1 703Indonesia FYWL 228 199 165 192 205 174 165 191 189 284 245Iran ZWLA 73 93 99 124 169 185 225 241 215 209 158Israel FYWM 377 309 527 445 511 429 370 407 557 447 475Japan FYWN 2 714 2 749 3 226 3 469 3 558 3 844 3 905 4 219 4 300 4 274 4 517Malaysia FYWO 509 544 394 390 376 404 423 551 464 490 443Pakistan FYWP 306 243 296 176 278 173 183 232 430 349 310Philippines FYWQ 135 93 126 183 178 105 141 127 139 99 112Saudi Arabia FYWR 1 772 1 935 2 161 2 369 2 147 1 973 2 320 2 246 2 219 2 701 3 020Singapore FYWS 581 584 1 160 1 086 1 294 1 166 1 653 2 147 2 640 2 870 3 314South Korea FYWT 494 492 411 396 428 505 474 913 737 838 935Taiwan FYWU 273 235 251 281 295 370 382 515 583 571 627Thailand FYWV 279 231 207 194 219 207 334 319 258 286 304Residual Gulf Arabian Countries ZWKX 867 1 012 1 034 1 103 1 114 1 332 1 335 1 761 1 988 2 274 2 737Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZWKY 153 178 206 231 339 268 261 341 447 423 413Other Asian Countries ZWKK 1 137 1 013 658 810 884 727 798 960 1 107 1 405 1 422
Total Asia FYWX 11 684 11 688 12 967 13 492 14 355 14 227 15 775 18 574 20 172 21 827 23 756
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia FYWY 1 529 1 456 1 608 1 588 1 964 1 826 2 023 2 297 2 713 2 778 3 205New Zealand FYWZ 280 321 354 301 301 275 302 382 413 378 418Other FYXA 61 47 61 84 95 97 115 132 65 108 96
Total Australasia & Oceania FYXB 1 870 1 824 2 023 1 973 2 360 2 198 2 440 2 811 3 191 3 264 3 719
AfricaEgypt ZWKV 119 104 283 280 340 226 239 324 374 453 618Morocco ZWLD 29 57 47 61 82 50 48 62 46 85 72South Africa FYXC 839 934 1 125 976 1 129 1 009 1 090 1 084 1 136 1 337 1 425Other North Africa ZWKS 254 292 118 265 219 222 287 283 374 399 447Other ZWKL 1 312 1 480 1 495 1 566 1 771 1 774 1 920 1 830 1 898 2 292 2 482
Total Africa FYXE 2 553 2 867 3 068 3 148 3 541 3 281 3 584 3 583 3 828 4 566 5 044
International Organisations FYXF 83 47 40 51 64 85 73 52 60 42 43
World total KTMQ 65 555 69 228 76 525 81 883 87 773 94 012 102 357 112 518 119 420 132 749 147 634
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
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149
9.5 Trade in servicescontinued Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Imports
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria GGOR 349 461 456 477 506 688 660 753 866 887 812Belgium and Luxembourg GGOS 1 348 1 450 1 723 1 675 1 800 2 036 2 206 2 353 2 460 2 659 2 770
of which Belgium A8ET .. .. 1 499 1 492 1 616 1 824 1 958 1 996 2 156 2 133 2 285Luxembourg A8EW .. .. 224 183 184 212 248 357 304 526 485
Bulgaria ZWMU 34 29 36 38 52 96 104 174 254 240 334Cyprus1 A8EU .. .. 766 885 1 059 977 1 088 1 081 1 206 1 182 1 139Czech Republic GGPL 105 146 146 168 199 250 337 426 468 536 482Denmark GGOT 506 511 639 674 655 746 783 844 927 1 016 996Estonia ZWNA 2 5 6 33 27 18 35 47 53 67 55Finland GGOU 187 219 305 404 360 282 314 284 353 363 415France GGOV 4 768 5 744 6 687 7 531 7 528 7 841 8 262 8 507 8 966 9 619 9 850Germany GGOW 3 594 3 874 4 757 4 705 5 239 5 400 5 580 6 444 7 763 7 960 8 347Greece GGOX 945 1 051 1 426 1 617 1 886 1 907 1 979 1 966 1 999 2 008 2 251Hungary GYXH 72 82 89 95 126 129 151 187 274 340 362Ireland GGOY 1 687 1 798 2 172 2 261 2 337 2 316 2 577 3 074 3 462 3 505 3 927Italy GGOZ 1 993 2 362 2 655 2 856 3 002 3 138 3 429 3 544 4 280 4 144 4 645Latvia ZWNI 5 5 12 25 20 19 29 38 44 84 92Lithuania ZWNH 3 7 5 6 16 37 25 19 72 84 99Malta1 A8EX .. .. 196 223 256 238 279 318 343 294 310Netherlands GGPA 1 900 2 117 2 443 3 026 3 128 3 380 3 320 3 320 3 584 3 619 3 500Poland GGPM 129 144 175 184 200 187 224 298 556 957 1 203Portugal GGPB 830 828 1 005 1 021 1 116 1 208 1 367 1 394 1 436 1 429 1 695Romania ZWNK 25 22 51 64 77 84 91 130 167 167 172Slovak Republic ZWNM 10 32 28 30 14 27 22 33 67 94 95Slovenia ZWNL 12 12 14 29 17 23 24 34 48 53 43Spain GGPC 4 552 5 215 5 933 6 495 7 231 7 846 8 978 9 097 9 453 9 913 10 017Sweden GGPD 522 539 778 830 829 827 1 133 1 148 1 318 1 357 1 223European Central Bank KOFJ β β 1 1 1 1 β β β β βEU Institutions GGPE 1 10 6 3 5 14 17 4 4 2 β
Total EU27 GCV2 .. .. 32 510 35 356 37 686 39 715 43 014 45 517 50 423 52 579 54 834
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland GGPG 34 46 25 75 44 42 46 56 71 99 92Liechtenstein GGPH 1 33 7 6 7 1 11 4 4 6 23Norway GGPI 598 525 499 536 647 1 266 710 761 976 1 013 1 038Switzerland GGPJ 1 173 1 476 1 538 1 633 1 587 1 676 1 794 1 830 2 356 2 356 2 793
Total EFTA GGPK 1 806 2 080 2 069 2 250 2 285 2 985 2 561 2 651 3 407 3 474 3 946
Other EuropeAlbania ZWMS β 1 6 5 9 13 14 20 8 13 22Belarus ZWMV 1 5 1 2 4 3 4 1 8 19 21Croatia ZWNF 33 37 21 27 55 47 73 83 139 176 157Russia GGPN 159 182 137 188 218 296 303 500 548 726 864Turkey GGPO 579 562 524 521 569 704 788 812 1 038 1 094 1 170Ukraine ZWNN 14 14 9 14 33 25 23 43 95 76 195Serbia and Montenegro ZWNQ 14 11 31 22 38 33 41 38 43 74 72Other1 ZWMP 1 874 1 836 716 1 112 996 1 154 1 095 991 1 030 1 292 1 374
Total Europe GGPQ 28 059 31 391 36 024 39 497 41 893 44 975 47 916 50 656 56 739 59 523 62 655
AmericasArgentina ZWMT 37 70 75 75 74 55 48 69 87 116 90Brazil GGPR 117 140 156 174 231 251 176 217 262 263 282Canada GGPS 796 871 976 1 105 1 192 1 090 1 002 1 049 1 164 1 348 1 397Chile ZWMW 20 43 42 35 48 48 43 72 81 39 69Colombia ZWMX 23 60 35 39 31 35 32 23 40 47 37Mexico GGPT 149 188 225 283 398 336 312 366 299 275 361United States of America GGPU 10 258 11 587 12 753 13 205 13 503 13 403 14 862 15 327 16 328 16 762 18 440Uruguay ZWNO 2 6 4 6 9 23 4 5 7 13 6Venezuela ZWNP 24 40 46 46 42 35 34 26 34 30 38Other Central American Countries ZWMZ 853 1 046 991 1 473 1 406 1 312 1 414 1 883 1 772 2 672 2 642Other ZWNC 210 165 215 256 148 124 130 110 170 125 163
Total Americas GGPW 12 489 14 216 15 518 16 697 17 082 16 712 18 057 19 147 20 244 21 690 23 525
AsiaChina GGPX 165 219 266 292 375 496 463 556 696 811 1 001Hong Kong GGPY 595 515 620 571 606 624 715 716 759 844 1 181India GGPZ 492 554 673 664 817 816 818 1 100 1 319 1 609 1 806Indonesia GGQA 127 104 150 125 121 136 297 100 98 138 125Iran ZWNG 17 25 21 43 37 29 45 61 42 61 40Israel GGQB 188 207 215 266 314 202 213 233 249 297 305Japan GGQC 1 159 1 244 1 302 1 664 1 816 1 449 1 739 1 702 2 258 2 748 3 020Malaysia GGQD 244 253 186 227 191 193 170 209 272 253 231Pakistan GGQE 192 194 288 300 280 398 386 431 472 486 413Philippines GGQF 63 64 88 206 82 100 155 109 143 173 156Saudi Arabia GGQG 456 451 526 553 643 1 302 1 064 688 570 670 693Singapore GGQH 352 322 361 336 395 428 425 661 730 866 910South Korea GGQI 144 129 135 141 179 185 186 246 254 252 314Taiwan GGQJ 101 110 119 157 149 183 180 202 312 220 307Thailand GGQK 236 308 307 385 458 521 513 641 612 686 691Residual Gulf Arabian Countries ZWND 250 386 434 414 551 611 761 926 1 017 1 258 1 494Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZWNE 73 78 84 125 155 151 151 207 199 222 170Other ZWMQ 632 535 479 631 535 557 645 897 846 1 025 858
Total Asia GGQM 5 486 5 698 6 254 7 100 7 704 8 381 8 926 9 685 10 848 12 619 13 715
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia GGQN 891 964 1 046 1 191 1 251 1 430 1 476 1 391 1 869 1 809 1 780New Zealand GGQO 233 227 249 264 287 337 347 434 501 440 446Other GGQP 35 26 29 25 20 33 28 54 48 77 47Total Australasia & Oceania GGQQ 1 159 1 217 1 324 1 480 1 558 1 800 1 851 1 879 2 418 2 326 2 273
AfricaEgypt ZWNB 130 117 229 290 367 313 350 345 538 604 594Morocco ZWNJ 93 119 137 114 147 141 141 149 175 239 382South Africa GGQR 419 487 480 528 598 684 921 910 1 019 1 025 935Other North Africa ZWMY 227 332 218 323 349 263 266 331 348 285 410Other ZWMR 625 582 723 772 813 1 071 1 288 1 233 1 173 1 273 1 316
Total Africa GGQT 1 494 1 637 1 787 2 027 2 274 2 472 2 966 2 968 3 253 3 426 3 637
International Organisations GGQU 67 66 56 80 62 40 29 37 43 57 57
World total KTMR 48 754 54 225 60 963 66 881 70 573 74 380 79 745 84 372 93 545 99 641 105 862
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
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9.5 Trade in servicescontinued Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Balances
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria GGQW β30 β110 β57 β72 β97 β262 β236 β317 β345 β341 β205Belgium and Luxembourg GGQX 490 572 677 802 694 783 1 007 1 484 1 209 1 014 1 585
of which Belgium A8HH .. .. 494 596 435 559 601 934 660 414 546Luxembourg A8HK .. .. 183 206 259 224 406 550 549 600 1 039
Bulgaria ZWTO β14 β15 5 4 β17 β21 β37 β96 β160 β123 β171Cyprus1 A8HI .. .. β632 β736 β924 β758 β853 β750 β894 β829 β638Czech Republic GGRQ 20 53 7 β β14 β69 β93 β98 β133 β190 21Denmark GGQY 386 531 346 506 735 628 745 761 614 1 297 1 375Estonia ZWTU 13 β 8 β21 β13 3 β13 β18 β16 β10 β19Finland GGQZ 367 318 356 551 519 550 564 668 505 697 756France GGRA β1 028 β1 481 β1 815 β2 088 β1 450 β1 820 β2 002 β1 900 β2 502 β2 415 β1 827Germany GGRB 1 483 1 512 1 001 1 977 1 954 2 097 2 280 1 753 1 388 1 798 1 957Greece GGRC β282 β352 β609 β781 β1 077 β1 142 β1 189 β1 222 β1 072 β1 239 β1 344Hungary GYXT 38 13 49 111 79 89 75 184 284 74 132Ireland GGRD 705 777 413 590 1 321 1 972 2 739 2 537 3 103 3 323 3 258Italy GGRE 221 68 158 β163 β101 β120 β400 β120 β578 β488 β537Latvia ZWUC 22 11 12 5 13 19 β 11 48 β16 β2Lithuania ZWUB 16 β 10 11 30 β5 18 36 40 18 21Malta1 A8HL .. .. β130 β166 β204 β177 β206 β241 β272 β208 β185Netherlands GGRF 1 128 1 147 1 722 1 531 1 786 1 329 2 090 3 341 3 330 3 972 4 760Poland GGRR 116 143 97 102 137 205 187 208 242 30 β239Portugal GGRG β487 β372 β421 β585 β631 β678 β823 β715 β807 β866 β1 040Romania ZWUE 7 7 β7 β20 β4 β8 6 7 β40 β5 71Slovak Republic ZWUG 20 β8 3 9 29 3 14 13 32 18 46Slovenia ZWUF 10 β6 12 β1 21 25 19 18 15 17 19Spain GGRH β3 093 β3 419 β3 817 β4 239 β4 979 β5 234 β6 100 β6 151 β5 706 β5 488 β4 916Sweden GGRI 672 836 660 788 807 650 567 553 437 607 1 100European Central Bank ZWTI β β β1 2 11 2 β β β β βEU Institutions GGRJ 247 218 226 245 539 530 498 574 596 602 624
Total EU27 GD6R .. .. β1 727 β1 638 β836 β1 409 β1 143 520 β682 1 249 4 602
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland GGRL 21 2 5 β2 19 22 26 33 63 87 82Liechtenstein GGRM 12 β11 27 31 23 42 29 49 35 36 80Norway GGRN 385 691 638 495 329 183 618 753 835 913 1 493Switzerland GGRO 1 195 1 012 1 159 1 151 1 901 2 291 2 835 2 495 2 500 3 232 3 657
Total EFTA GGRP 1 613 1 694 1 829 1 675 2 272 2 538 3 508 3 330 3 433 4 268 5 312
Other EuropeAlbania ZWTM β β1 β3 β3 β4 β7 β8 2 β β β11Belarus ZWTP 6 β4 2 25 β1 1 β 5 β1 β10 β7Croatia ZWTZ β14 β25 17 11 β21 8 β22 β40 β94 β78 β59Russia GGRS 212 262 160 227 252 285 430 403 575 929 1 228Turkey GGRT β237 β224 β123 β170 β171 β332 β385 β445 β526 β559 β451Ukraine ZWUH 24 51 14 29 β4 277 103 13 2 71 4Serbia and Montenegro ZWUK 25 9 8 81 3 β5 β1 β17 β9 β32 β11Other1 ZWTJ 13 β722 499 130 164 351 942 1 261 1 720 1 818 1 975
Total Europe GGRV 2 669 1 483 676 367 1 654 1 707 3 424 5 032 4 418 7 656 12 582
AmericasArgentina ZWTN 83 142 92 111 121 28 35 74 14 β13 37Brazil GGRW 193 287 222 176 161 70 159 95 110 221 156Canada GGRX 389 542 421 292 447 453 593 733 592 671 1 076Chile ZWTQ 37 82 64 61 55 39 36 12 9 83 103Colombia ZWTR 37 7 13 17 109 51 65 67 28 22 33Mexico GGRY 24 β23 β4 β16 β110 β71 β40 β10 9 112 β23United States of America GGRZ 4 973 4 120 5 136 6 069 5 708 9 287 9 115 10 463 8 201 12 039 13 642Uruguay ZWUI 7 5 5 1 β4 β18 56 5 6 3 11Venezuela ZWUJ 24 32 22 37 68 64 68 72 64 38 17Other Central American Countries ZWTT 324 434 218 β54 198 897 971 1 115 1 713 909 1 124Other ZWTW 57 84 20 β36 71 27 30 37 22 96 134
Total Americas GGSB 6 148 5 712 6 209 6 658 6 824 10 827 11 088 12 663 10 768 14 181 16 310
AsiaChina GGSC 67 84 190 157 216 228 426 723 696 600 397Hong Kong GGSD 373 472 449 470 488 382 480 409 587 431 442India GGSE 94 β66 β152 β111 β142 β181 β96 β100 β158 12 β103Indonesia GGSF 101 95 15 67 84 38 β132 91 91 146 120Iran ZWUA 56 68 78 81 132 156 180 180 173 148 118Israel GGSG 189 102 312 179 197 227 157 174 308 150 170Japan GGSH 1 555 1 505 1 924 1 805 1 742 2 395 2 166 2 517 2 042 1 526 1 497Malaysia GGSI 265 291 208 163 185 211 253 342 192 237 212Pakistan GGSJ 114 49 8 β124 β2 β225 β203 β199 β42 β137 β103Philippines GGSK 72 29 38 β23 96 5 β14 18 β4 β74 β44Saudi Arabia GGSL 1 316 1 484 1 635 1 816 1 504 671 1 256 1 558 1 649 2 031 2 327Singapore GGSM 229 262 799 750 899 738 1 228 1 486 1 910 2 004 2 404South Korea GGSN 350 363 276 255 249 320 288 667 483 586 621Taiwan GGSO 172 125 132 124 146 187 202 313 271 351 320Thailand GGSP 43 β77 β100 β191 β239 β314 β179 β322 β354 β400 β387Residual Gulf Arabian Countries ZWTX 617 626 600 689 563 721 574 835 971 1 016 1 243Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZWTY 80 100 122 106 184 117 110 134 248 201 243Other ZWTK 505 478 179 179 349 170 153 63 261 380 564
Total Asia GGSR 6 198 5 990 6 713 6 392 6 651 5 846 6 849 8 889 9 324 9 208 10 041
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia GGSS 638 492 562 397 713 396 547 906 844 969 1 425New Zealand GGST 47 94 105 37 14 β62 β45 β52 β88 β62 β28Other GGSU 26 21 32 59 75 64 87 78 17 31 49
Total Australasia & Oceania GGSV 711 607 699 493 802 398 589 932 773 938 1 446
AfricaEgypt ZWTV β11 β13 54 β10 β27 β87 β111 β21 β164 β151 24Morocco ZWUD β64 β62 β90 β53 β65 β91 β93 β87 β129 β154 β310South Africa GGSW 420 447 645 448 531 325 169 174 117 312 490Other North Africa ZWTS 27 β40 β100 β58 β130 β41 21 β48 26 114 37Other ZWTL 687 898 772 794 958 703 632 597 725 1 019 1 166
Total Africa GGSY 1 059 1 230 1 281 1 121 1 267 809 618 615 575 1 140 1 407
International Organisations GGSZ 16 β19 β16 β29 2 45 44 15 17 β15 β14
World total KTMS 16 801 15 003 15 562 15 002 17 200 19 632 22 612 28 146 25 875 33 108 41 772
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
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Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
152
Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Credits
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria CUGY 534 621 577 742 683 685 746 816 901 879 1 220Belgium and Luxembourg CTFK 3 508 3 820 3 542 6 066 6 647 5 529 4 766 6 516 9 883 14 402 18 251
of which Belgium AA2K .. .. 1 611 2 342 2 753 2 208 1 930 2 615 3 628 4 466 6 478Luxembourg AA2O .. .. 1 931 3 724 3 894 3 321 2 836 3 901 6 255 9 936 11 773
Bulgaria ZWYR 41 21 48 37 93 72 74 89 26 41 25Cyprus1 AA2L .. .. 105 153 163 137 56 70 115 323 282Czech Republic LEPT 130 113 125 125 198 152 195 208 156 47 231Denmark LEQU 722 1 064 943 1 101 979 521 705 883 1 431 1 712 2 050Estonia ZWYT 13 13 5 2 8 6 8 6 14 11 10Finland LEUG 518 464 411 585 648 587 517 524 573 587 1 003France LEUP 5 236 5 901 6 139 7 535 8 680 6 948 6 954 8 148 11 169 14 644 20 882Germany LEQL 7 756 8 024 8 383 10 136 11 065 9 504 8 330 9 490 11 744 13 652 16 914Greece LEUY 1 069 655 834 1 002 871 707 817 782 837 960 1 272Hungary BFKR 218 175 248 448 321 352 334 374 418 189 253Ireland BFLY 2 389 2 698 2 965 3 824 4 710 3 918 4 884 6 141 7 789 10 446 14 786Italy BFOG 4 911 6 890 5 165 6 426 6 347 4 791 4 900 4 638 5 054 5 714 6 884Latvia ZWYU 1 8 β 2 β β β β 1 13 31Lithuania ZWYV 8 4 4 9 7 4 4 1 7 10 14Malta1 AA2P .. .. 39 51 55 48 53 488 44 64 β375Netherlands BFQI 8 679 8 904 9 280 12 814 16 586 15 722 15 205 9 774 11 427 16 104 19 229Poland BFSB 119 91 108 144 329 335 400 437 439 541 666Portugal BFSK 391 466 471 664 808 776 807 802 965 1 028 1 051Romania ZWYW 25 22 42 20 78 65 96 117 70 109 167Slovak Republic ZWYX 69 37 38 51 29 31 28 30 51 54 57Slovenia ZWYY 8 22 56 48 101 68 89 96 37 27 36Spain LESW 2 444 2 402 2 100 2 564 2 403 2 052 2 314 3 624 4 947 6 507 8 118Sweden BFTL 1 424 1 449 1 554 2 108 2 307 2 121 1 767 2 286 2 674 3 116 3 577European Central Bank ZWYO β β β β β β β β β β βEU Institutions CSFK 163 280 224 370 468 657 747 514 518 528 558
Total EU27 GNF6 .. .. 43 406 57 027 64 584 55 788 54 796 56 854 71 290 91 708 117 192
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland BFNQ 20 32 32 35 38 33 27 55 121 221 995Liechtenstein BFPH 52 34 39 45 39 21 20 23 19 32 40Norway BFQR 605 632 727 1 022 1 017 687 796 829 1 951 1 959 2 734Switzerland LEPB 3 406 3 379 4 395 7 274 5 326 4 504 4 505 4 903 6 109 8 880 12 699
Total EFTA CTFT 4 083 4 077 5 193 8 376 6 420 5 245 5 348 5 810 8 200 11 092 16 468
Other EuropeAlbania ZWYP β β β β β β β β β β 2Belarus ZWYQ β β β β β 7 β β 4 3 7Croatia ZWYS 14 9 13 15 26 29 43 48 74 60 35Russia BFST 234 269 193 285 537 661 563 1 267 2 335 2 999 2 670Turkey BFUM 190 268 344 493 408 318 365 377 519 881 1 201Ukraine ZWYZ β 16 3 β 3 18 21 34 117 419 287Serbia and Montenegro BFWF 49 β 1 1 1 1 1 β2 14 34 13Other1 LEVZ 2 616 3 146 2 792 3 540 3 085 3 038 4 240 5 913 7 125 9 300 11 323
Total Europe LERD 47 562 51 929 51 945 69 737 75 064 65 105 65 377 70 301 89 678 116 496 149 198
AmericasArgentina ZWZB 484 410 247 487 365 107 190 258 288 573 470Brazil LENR 790 776 309 524 586 620 429 700 1 071 1 016 1 200Canada LEOS 1 825 2 093 1 867 2 248 2 334 1 722 2 007 2 236 3 201 4 330 5 178Chile ZWZC 283 190 166 259 196 240 310 839 1 203 836 911Colombia ZWZD 92 41 100 320 224 235 261 395 449 322 254Mexico BFPQ 535 404 540 457 312 629 416 729 823 934 931United States of America BFVE 20 232 24 503 23 744 29 284 31 117 26 524 27 662 30 170 44 946 59 483 65 622Uruguay ZWZE 29 23 7 16 13 20 9 β1 12 31 21Venezuela ZWZF 149 β48 β14 β88 176 185 89 266 392 351 165Other Central American Countries JISP 1 150 4 331 4 106 5 465 5 886 5 791 5 962 6 513 10 364 15 226 17 893Other LEVH 960 67 41 90 12 65 67 456 β62 β8 123
Total Americas LESN 26 529 32 790 31 113 39 062 41 221 36 138 37 402 42 561 62 687 83 094 92 768
AsiaChina LEPK 217 206 265 308 551 433 438 624 865 858 1 004Hong Kong BFJU 2 589 2 065 1 756 1 659 1 418 1 343 1 777 3 209 4 201 5 214 5 666India BFNB 284 411 385 490 494 635 660 596 822 1 326 1 403Indonesia BFLP 303 238 159 149 215 192 227 195 273 497 217Iran ZWZG 64 36 38 50 42 37 43 56 149 168 124Israel BFMS 59 42 56 52 63 46 77 57 103 152 195Japan BFOP 6 900 6 812 7 291 9 008 7 535 4 890 5 256 5 116 6 914 8 685 9 154Malaysia BFPZ 481 356 423 497 404 585 617 703 789 744 835Pakistan BFRS 123 93 72 131 136 187 181 245 289 418 236Philippines BFRJ 103 136 100 179 150 134 161 178 204 296 419Saudi Arabia BFTC 144 195 227 292 260 223 193 238 386 461 641Singapore BFTU 2 661 1 797 1 482 2 745 2 447 1 836 1 551 2 126 3 403 3 675 4 254South Korea BFOY 564 363 306 423 501 688 650 791 1 201 1 373 1 500Taiwan BFUV 172 174 194 262 293 343 328 542 666 655 729Thailand BFUD 221 70 112 223 249 236 228 232 300 β14 303Residual Gulf Arabian Countries JITQ 493 1 454 1 087 1 509 1 139 764 686 814 1 278 1 765 2 069Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZWZH 158 85 67 189 197 104 97 165 399 730 1 542Other LEWI 415 71 123 305 236 502 202 301 171 988 1 309
Total Asia LETF 15 951 14 604 14 143 18 471 16 330 13 178 13 372 16 188 22 413 27 991 31 600
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia CXAT 2 075 1 724 1 974 2 516 2 452 2 791 2 579 3 981 4 368 5 169 5 836New Zealand BFRA 390 276 391 327 436 560 585 390 482 544 513Other LEVQ 164 381 33 21 8 33 30 36 35 60 77
Total Australasia & Oceania LETX 2 629 2 381 2 398 2 864 2 896 3 384 3 194 4 407 4 885 5 773 6 426
AfricaEgypt ZWZJ 79 β81 37 264 259 323 239 197 334 449 557Morocco ZWZK 23 15 26 29 30 40 17 8 24 32 33South Africa BFWX 761 748 990 1 203 1 334 2 035 1 937 2 998 4 204 2 230 2 557Other North Africa JIRR 87 98 58 100 128 β32 122 80 β3 358 β991 245Other LEWR 553 547 599 754 758 1 018 1 059 1 126 5 348 2 851 1 704
Total Africa LERV 1 503 1 327 1 710 2 350 2 509 3 384 3 374 4 409 6 552 4 571 5 096
International Organisations CTFB 193 360 384 450 514 475 466 447 524 581 657
World total HMBQ 94 367 103 391 101 693 132 934 138 534 121 664 123 185 138 313 186 739 238 506 285 745
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
9.6 Income
The Pink Book: 2008 edition Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account
153
continued Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Debits
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria CUGZ 882 535 422 591 696 694 632 608 759 1 080 1 204Belgium and Luxembourg CTFL 3 820 4 416 4 202 4 755 4 945 4 560 4 803 5 680 6 981 9 124 11 895
of which Belgium AA2W .. .. 1 750 2 081 1 980 1 933 1 869 2 065 2 878 3 556 4 669Luxembourg AA32 .. .. 2 452 2 674 2 965 2 627 2 934 3 615 4 103 5 568 7 226
Bulgaria ZWZP 96 93 53 54 27 25 11 11 33 65 88Cyprus1 AA2X .. .. 106 159 165 132 111 138 197 298 345Czech Republic LEPU 177 104 92 129 113 81 81 80 98 161 176Denmark LEQV 1 034 920 852 1 099 922 862 989 1 093 1 370 1 345 1 542Estonia ZWZR 59 59 42 31 11 2 2 2 4 6 14Finland LEUH 569 320 296 378 371 264 320 295 493 563 744France LEUQ 5 716 5 960 7 283 7 665 7 059 5 509 7 797 9 833 12 722 15 499 18 541Germany LEQM 8 761 7 795 7 997 11 486 8 441 6 364 10 235 11 466 15 818 19 112 24 998Greece LEUZ 860 692 719 894 712 496 485 584 1 010 1 543 2 127Hungary BFKS 101 90 82 74 39 45 22 21 35 47 107Ireland BFLZ 2 541 2 543 2 154 2 978 4 029 4 643 4 965 6 014 8 840 11 257 14 399Italy BFOH 3 775 3 423 2 873 2 905 3 034 1 794 2 214 2 373 2 772 3 112 3 889Latvia ZWZS 67 63 44 33 11 10 4 8 22 26 23Lithuania ZWZT 66 62 44 35 12 2 1 2 17 23 43Malta1 AA33 .. .. 50 46 44 43 31 33 39 75 178Netherlands BFQJ 4 360 4 119 6 416 12 182 11 996 6 738 7 117 7 904 8 956 17 118 22 301Poland BFSC 266 190 153 187 176 117 107 155 350 471 539Portugal BFSL 398 260 219 246 300 279 354 384 432 613 794Romania ZWZU 124 78 52 50 25 32 13 20 38 54 63Slovak Republic ZWZV 79 78 58 43 17 9 7 20 56 70 101Slovenia ZWZW 56 83 60 46 35 38 28 27 24 20 32Spain LESX 1 754 1 925 1 375 1 259 1 507 1 316 1 776 1 658 3 866 5 490 5 265Sweden BFTM 1 230 1 169 1 459 1 420 1 369 1 347 1 011 985 1 280 1 814 2 145European Central Bank ZWZM β β β β β β β β β β βEU Institutions CSFL 745 878 1 225 1 489 1 763 1 678 1 495 1 601 1 926 2 338 2 728
Total EU27 G97L .. .. 38 328 50 234 47 819 37 080 44 611 50 995 68 138 91 324 114 281
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland BFNR 5 8 10 9 8 10 21 54 101 304 353Liechtenstein BFPI 125 106 83 116 92 50 57 52 75 102 142Norway BFQS 687 63 122 599 634 642 698 732 1 305 2 041 2 826Switzerland LEPC 7 066 6 031 7 841 11 551 9 842 6 624 6 058 5 837 8 522 11 192 12 299
Total EFTA CTFU 7 883 6 208 8 056 12 275 10 576 7 326 6 834 6 675 10 003 13 639 15 620
Other EuropeAlbania ZWZN 59 112 39 28 10 β1 β β β 3 4Belarus ZWZO 56 70 42 29 9 β1 1 2 7 10 17Croatia ZWZQ 56 188 58 59 46 32 27 23 44 60 88Russia BFSU 196 20 146 433 397 293 308 398 1 185 2 450 2 854Turkey BFUN 184 156 94 135 153 86 74 82 139 205 235Ukraine ZWZX 58 63 43 29 11 18 62 98 152 244 366Serbia and Montenegro BFWG 165 58 40 29 11 6 5 5 10 23 31Other1 LEWA 4 936 5 909 6 080 7 255 7 887 6 797 5 911 7 481 10 356 13 603 20 354
Total Europe LERE 51 129 48 639 52 926 70 506 66 919 51 636 57 833 65 759 90 034 121 561 153 850
AmericasArgentina ZWZZ 64 55 57 106 70 4 3 1 6 8 8Brazil LENS 290 244 130 154 148 70 82 73 147 156 152Canada LEOT 769 874 1 129 1 517 1 180 1 592 1 453 2 139 2 286 3 313 2 026Chile ZXAA 151 67 18 8 35 20 18 27 38 59 89Colombia ZXAB 81 38 22 38 43 18 9 5 16 37 47Mexico BFPR 119 152 163 239 260 69 60 60 104 127 121United States of America BFVF 20 313 20 263 24 241 27 660 31 683 29 836 30 618 34 641 44 590 62 522 72 222Uruguay ZXAC 30 β15 10 19 8 3 8 7 7 13 18Venezuela ZXAD 23 12 9 20 40 28 21 17 27 77 101Other Central American Countries JISQ 1 292 3 756 3 552 4 245 3 950 2 738 3 226 3 712 7 177 11 276 14 782Other LEVI 1 345 375 289 269 157 79 59 53 85 142 158
Total Americas LESO 24 477 25 821 29 620 34 275 37 574 34 457 35 557 40 735 54 483 77 730 89 724
AsiaChina LEPL 155 139 167 363 373 240 196 224 331 433 838Hong Kong BFJV 1 559 1 949 2 897 3 507 3 296 1 897 1 274 1 318 1 710 2 520 4 139India BFNC 370 343 327 369 362 246 268 370 673 1 093 1 046Indonesia BFLQ 96 39 54 85 114 73 54 53 64 75 59Iran ZXAE 133 91 96 230 279 101 90 87 133 197 182Israel BFMT 220 149 192 229 258 185 171 143 268 432 432Japan BFOQ 6 429 6 930 8 106 11 428 10 019 7 390 3 972 5 367 6 790 9 190 9 320Malaysia BFQA 430 192 254 347 277 129 80 117 182 454 540Pakistan BFRT 71 61 55 69 68 71 76 57 79 114 123Philippines BFRK 63 48 81 91 51 31 19 20 43 100 102Saudi Arabia BFTD 1 324 957 711 870 942 376 323 349 612 1 058 1 498Singapore BFTV 1 814 1 374 2 046 2 749 2 604 1 835 1 438 1 420 2 309 3 201 3 550South Korea BFOZ 202 189 97 160 204 111 27 β161 298 370 418Taiwan BFUW 158 104 116 140 189 101 113 159 254 326 483Thailand BFUE 140 81 83 147 196 85 69 67 113 204 232Residual Gulf Arabian Countries JITR 561 945 928 1 373 1 522 847 608 688 1 062 1 844 2 203Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZXAF 318 214 214 270 221 142 135 120 194 301 324Other LEWJ 944 307 401 392 334 270 116 129 311 390 427
Total Asia LETG 14 987 14 112 16 825 22 819 21 309 14 130 9 029 10 527 15 426 22 302 25 916
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia CXCM 1 297 1 200 1 172 750 577 961 1 275 1 340 1 843 2 110 2 539New Zealand BFRB 181 178 51 109 112 86 72 78 99 146 74Other LEVR 13 β38 5 28 62 43 30 27 4 342 200Total Australasia & Oceania LETY 1 491 1 340 1 228 887 751 1 090 1 377 1 445 1 946 2 598 2 813
AfricaEgypt ZXAH 582 324 275 325 278 164 128 137 264 359 338Morocco ZXAI 54 34 35 30 31 18 12 12 29 94 58South Africa BFWY 216 421 826 743 738 716 792 823 1 035 1 269 1 270Other North Africa JIRS 254 115 106 176 186 119 96 104 240 492 671Other LEWS 510 539 548 649 624 408 322 326 504 823 1 072
Total Africa LERW 1 616 1 433 1 790 1 923 1 857 1 425 1 350 1 402 2 072 3 037 3 409
International Organisations CTFC 343 243 347 562 699 640 516 615 906 1 181 1 427
World total HMBR 94 043 91 588 102 736 130 972 129 109 103 378 105 662 120 483 164 867 228 409 277 139
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
9.6 Income
Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
154
continued Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Balances
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria CUHA β348 86 155 151 β13 β9 114 208 142 β201 16Belgium and Luxembourg CTFM β312 β596 β660 1 311 1 702 969 β37 836 2 902 5 278 6 356
of which Belgium AA3A .. .. β139 261 773 275 61 550 750 910 1 809Luxembourg AA3E .. .. β521 1 050 929 694 β98 286 2 152 4 368 4 547
Bulgaria ZXAN β55 β72 β5 β17 66 47 63 78 β7 β24 β63Cyprus1 AA3B .. .. β1 β6 β2 5 β55 β68 β82 25 β63Czech Republic LEPV β47 9 33 β4 85 71 114 128 58 β114 55Denmark LEQW β312 144 91 2 57 β341 β284 β210 61 367 508Estonia ZXAP β46 β46 β37 β29 β3 4 6 4 10 5 β4Finland LEUI β51 144 115 207 277 323 197 229 80 24 259France LEUR β480 β59 β1 144 β130 1 621 1 439 β843 β1 685 β1 553 β855 2 341Germany LEQN β1 005 229 386 β1 350 2 624 3 140 β1 905 β1 976 β4 074 β5 460 β8 084Greece LEVA 209 β37 115 108 159 211 332 198 β173 β583 β855Hungary BFKT 117 85 166 374 282 307 312 353 383 142 146Ireland BFML β152 155 811 846 681 β725 β81 127 β1 051 β811 387Italy BFOI 1 136 3 467 2 292 3 521 3 313 2 997 2 686 2 265 2 282 2 602 2 995Latvia ZXAQ β66 β55 β44 β31 β11 β10 β4 β8 β21 β13 8Lithuania ZXAR β58 β58 β40 β26 β5 2 3 β1 β10 β13 β29Malta1 AA3F .. .. β11 5 11 5 22 455 5 β11 β553Netherlands BFQK 4 319 4 785 2 864 632 4 590 8 984 8 088 1 870 2 471 β1 014 β3 072Poland BFSD β147 β99 β45 β43 153 218 293 282 89 70 127Portugal BFSM β7 206 252 418 508 497 453 418 533 415 257Romania ZXAS β99 β56 β10 β30 53 33 83 97 32 55 104Slovak Republic ZXAT β10 β41 β20 8 12 22 21 10 β5 β16 β44Slovenia ZXAU β48 β61 β4 2 66 30 61 69 13 7 4Spain LESY 690 477 725 1 305 896 736 538 1 966 1 081 1 017 2 853Sweden BFTN 194 280 95 688 938 774 756 1 301 1 394 1 302 1 432European Central Bank ZXAK β β β β β β β β β β βEU Institutions CSFM β582 β598 β1 001 β1 119 β1 295 β1 021 β748 β1 087 β1 408 β1 810 β2 170
Total EU27 G97D .. .. 5 078 6 793 16 765 18 708 10 185 5 859 3 152 384 2 911
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland BFNU 15 24 22 26 30 23 6 1 20 β83 642Liechtenstein BFPJ β73 β72 β44 β71 β53 β29 β37 β29 β56 β70 β102Norway BFQT β82 569 605 423 383 45 98 97 646 β82 β92Switzerland LEPD β3 660 β2 652 β3 446 β4 277 β4 516 β2 120 β1 553 β934 β2 413 β2 312 400
Total EFTA CTFV β3 800 β2 131 β2 863 β3 899 β4 156 β2 081 β1 486 β865 β1 803 β2 547 848
Other EuropeAlbania ZXAL β59 β112 β39 β28 β10 1 β β β β3 β2Belarus ZXAM β56 β70 β42 β29 β9 8 β1 β2 β3 β7 β10Croatia ZXAO β42 β179 β45 β44 β20 β3 16 25 30 β β53Russia BFSV 38 249 47 β148 140 368 255 869 1 150 549 β184Turkey BFUO 6 112 250 358 255 232 291 295 380 676 966Ukraine ZXAV β58 β47 β40 β29 β8 β β41 β64 β35 175 β79Serbia and Montenegro BFWH β116 β58 β39 β28 β10 β5 β4 β7 4 11 β18Other1 LEWB β2 320 β2 763 β3 288 β3 715 β4 802 β3 759 β1 671 β1 568 β3 231 β4 303 β9 031
Total Europe LERF β3 567 3 290 β981 β769 8 145 13 469 7 544 4 542 β356 β5 065 β4 652
AmericasArgentina ZXAX 420 355 190 381 295 103 187 257 282 565 462Brazil LENT 500 532 179 370 438 550 347 627 924 860 1 048Canada LEOU 1 056 1 219 738 731 1 154 130 554 97 915 1 017 3 152Chile ZXAY 132 123 148 251 161 220 292 812 1 165 777 822Colombia ZXAZ 11 3 78 282 181 217 252 390 433 285 207Mexico BFPS 416 252 377 218 52 560 356 669 719 807 810United States of America BFVG β81 4 240 β497 1 624 β566 β3 312 β2 956 β4 471 356 β3 039 β6 600Uruguay ZXBA β1 38 β3 β3 5 17 1 β8 5 18 3Venezuela ZXBB 126 β60 β23 β108 136 157 68 249 365 274 64Other Central American Countries JISR β142 575 554 1 220 1 936 3 053 2 736 2 801 3 187 3 950 3 111Other LEVJ β385 β308 β248 β179 β145 β14 8 403 β147 β150 β35
Total Americas LESP 2 052 6 969 1 493 4 787 3 647 1 681 1 845 1 826 8 204 5 364 3 044
AsiaChina LEPM 62 67 98 β55 178 193 242 400 534 425 166Hong Kong BFJW 1 030 116 β1 141 β1 848 β1 878 β554 503 1 891 2 491 2 694 1 527India BFND β86 68 58 121 132 389 392 226 149 233 357Indonesia BFLR 207 199 105 64 101 119 173 142 209 422 158Iran ZXBC β69 β55 β58 β180 β237 β64 β47 β31 16 β29 β58Israel BFMU β161 β107 β136 β177 β195 β139 β94 β86 β165 β280 β237Japan BFOR 471 β118 β815 β2 420 β2 484 β2 500 1 284 β251 124 β505 β166Malaysia BFQB 51 164 169 150 127 456 537 586 607 290 295Pakistan BFRU 52 32 17 62 68 116 105 188 210 304 113Philippines BFRL 40 88 19 88 99 103 142 158 161 196 317Saudi Arabia BFTE β1 180 β762 β484 β578 β682 β153 β130 β111 β226 β597 β857Singapore BFTW 847 423 β564 β4 β157 1 113 706 1 094 474 704South Korea BFPA 362 174 209 263 297 577 623 952 903 1 003 1 082Taiwan BFUX 14 70 78 122 104 242 215 383 412 329 246Thailand BFUF 81 β11 29 76 53 151 159 165 187 β218 71Residual Gulf Arabian Countries JITS β68 509 159 136 β383 β83 78 126 216 β79 β134Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZXBD β160 β129 β147 β81 β24 β38 β38 45 205 429 1 218Other LEWK β529 β236 β278 β87 β98 232 86 172 β140 598 882
Total Asia LETH 964 492 β2 682 β4 348 β4 979 β952 4 343 5 661 6 987 5 689 5 684
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia CYAA 778 524 802 1 766 1 875 1 830 1 304 2 641 2 525 3 059 3 297New Zealand BFRC 209 98 340 218 324 474 513 312 383 398 439Other LEVS 151 419 28 β7 β54 β10 β 9 31 β282 β123
Total Australasia & Oceania LETZ 1 138 1 041 1 170 1 977 2 145 2 294 1 817 2 962 2 939 3 175 3 613
AfricaEgypt ZXBF β503 β405 β238 β61 β19 159 111 60 70 90 219Morocco ZXBG β31 β19 β9 β1 β1 22 5 β4 β5 β62 β25South Africa BFWZ 545 327 164 460 596 1 319 1 145 2 175 3 169 961 1 287Other North Africa JIRT β167 β17 β48 β76 β58 β151 26 β24 β3 598 β1 483 β426Other LEWT 43 8 51 105 134 610 737 800 4 844 2 028 632
Total Africa LERX β113 β106 β80 427 652 1 959 2 024 3 007 4 480 1 534 1 687
International Organisations CTFD β150 117 37 β112 β185 β165 β50 β168 β382 β600 β770
World total HMBP 324 11 803 β1 043 1 962 9 425 18 286 17 523 17 830 21 872 10 097 8 606
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
9.6 Income
The Pink Book: 2008 edition Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account
155
Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
156
Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Credits
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria GXVQ 35 34 34 30 31 33 51 36 38 47 36Belgium and Luxembourg GXVR 221 250 236 224 217 247 232 246 263 276 241
of which Belgium A7PL .. .. 219 209 202 230 217 227 242 247 223Luxembourg A7PO .. .. 17 15 15 17 15 19 21 29 18
Bulgaria KOLZ β β β 2 β 8 1 1 8 13 16Cyprus1 A7PM .. .. 1 2 2 3 4 4 4 9 5Czech Republic GXWK 7 4 4 6 2 3 32 23 16 26 19Denmark GXVS 51 47 33 28 30 41 28 40 45 57 41Estonia LWMG 3 β β β β β β β β β βFinland GXVT 22 18 16 24 15 16 93 17 17 25 21France GXVU 335 355 291 279 328 336 193 332 319 401 314Germany GXVV 463 465 420 391 392 444 379 457 499 558 479Greece GXVW 58 60 43 39 40 48 40 49 55 57 53Hungary HZXT β β β 1 1 8 1 1 5 6 13Ireland GXVX 188 192 130 115 162 155 113 170 166 163 180Italy GXVY 176 172 122 101 117 123 100 178 180 221 161Latvia LWWC 4 4 2 2 1 5 1 1 7 11 5Lithuania LYTR 1 β β β 1 β β β 7 9 15Malta1 A7PP .. .. 1 β 1 1 1 2 2 2 4Netherlands GXVZ 333 320 308 323 315 374 292 353 377 383 338Poland GXWL 29 5 4 3 3 14 7 37 107 132 131Portugal GXWA 20 19 18 28 15 21 15 22 20 25 20Romania HZXV β 2 2 β β 11 1 2 7 11 9Slovak Republic HZXX β 5 4 β 2 3 β β 13 15 18Slovenia HZXY β β β β β 5 β 1 1 4 1Spain GXWB 119 121 105 92 98 105 86 127 137 161 137Sweden GXWC 111 109 93 88 90 97 84 108 107 127 96European Central Bank KNWK β β β β β β β β β β βEU Institutions GXWD 5 422 5 103 6 391 5 314 7 275 5 905 6 688 7 354 7 976 8 119 7 265
Total EU27 GC84 .. .. 8 258 7 092 9 138 8 006 8 442 9 561 10 376 10 858 9 618
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland GXWF 36 36 35 33 34 35 64 34 34 40 35Liechtenstein GXWG 6 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 β 5 2Norway GXWH 84 84 64 60 60 80 66 75 87 108 87Switzerland GXWI 105 103 74 59 65 80 63 85 105 153 80Total EFTA GXWJ 231 227 175 154 160 197 194 195 226 306 204
Other EuropeAlbania HZXP 1 β β β β β β β β β βBelarus HZXQ β β β β 1 β 7 β 1 1 βCroatia HZXR 6 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 β 9 14Russia GXWM 28 26 17 10 12 16 11 19 24 50 22Turkey GXWN 35 36 31 28 30 34 30 37 39 61 36Ukraine HZYA 1 β β 1 β β 7 19 2 3 8Serbia and Montenegro LTVE β β 2 2 1 2 5 1 β 5 4Other1 HKJF 25 31 12 10 27 16 16 9 14 30 62
Total Europe GXWP 7 925 7 609 8 497 7 299 9 370 8 273 8 714 9 843 10 682 11 323 9 968
AmericasArgentina HZYJ 18 19 10 8 10 11 7 8 5 18 8Brazil GXWQ 24 23 15 10 14 16 11 12 12 38 16Canada GXWR 303 305 208 174 197 209 160 243 267 264 253Chile HZYL 14 15 8 7 10 9 7 9 10 27 11Colombia HZYM 28 27 16 14 24 17 25 15 15 36 14Mexico GXWS 36 33 21 18 19 28 21 27 32 96 29United States of America GXWT 2 136 2 101 1 343 1 182 2 395 1 693 1 217 1 549 4 186 3 390 3 333Uruguay HZYN β β β β β β β β β 2 βVenezuela HZYO 21 21 14 8 10 12 8 13 15 27 10Other Central American Countries HZYG 255 260 156 140 145 181 135 214 258 517 226Other HZYI 18 19 11 8 10 13 13 13 15 31 12
Total Americas GXWV 2 853 2 823 1 802 1 569 2 834 2 189 1 604 2 103 4 815 4 446 3 912
AsiaChina GXWW 19 20 13 9 10 13 9 13 12 36 15Hong Kong GXWX 132 77 58 49 54 40 29 37 36 48 27India GXWY 16 17 17 15 23 25 13 27 30 73 23Indonesia GXWZ 36 39 20 17 19 24 44 18 18 75 19Iran HZYQ 6 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 4 9 3Israel GXXA 53 53 36 29 31 35 33 32 34 49 33Japan GXXB 170 174 113 97 109 130 95 124 137 270 115Malaysia GXXC 28 29 21 17 23 21 48 21 21 38 21Pakistan GXXD 9 5 5 3 4 4 29 4 3 13 7Philippines GXXE 21 19 11 8 10 11 7 9 10 19 8Saudi Arabia GXXF 486 491 501 485 494 488 499 481 490 511 484Singapore GXXG 20 20 14 9 15 15 13 23 28 30 23South Korea GXXH 18 19 14 9 12 20 10 22 28 57 6Taiwan GXXI 14 15 8 7 10 15 22 12 15 27 9Thailand GXXJ 9 8 6 5 5 9 6 8 10 21 7Residual Gulf Arabian Countries HZYS 178 179 170 162 165 172 168 177 179 231 178Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries HZYU 294 294 305 294 299 295 294 293 299 312 293Other HZVR 106 65 57 54 62 44 38 41 41 69 53
Total Asia GXXL 1 615 1 528 1 371 1 272 1 347 1 364 1 359 1 345 1 395 1 888 1 324
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia GXXM 232 213 173 158 169 203 165 244 268 228 240New Zealand GXXN 77 69 58 53 58 58 51 64 60 68 61Other GXXO 6 4 3 3 2 3 2 6 5 7 5
Total Australasia & Oceania GXXP 315 286 234 214 229 264 218 314 333 303 306
AfricaEgypt LZDN 5 1 4 3 2 4 26 7 9 19 6Morocco HICY 6 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 7 3South Africa GXXQ 123 127 93 81 88 83 69 96 105 123 66Other North Africa HICX 13 15 11 10 10 13 20 14 15 17 12Other HZUI 53 56 38 33 36 42 35 43 45 97 68
Total Africa GXXS 200 203 148 129 137 144 152 162 175 263 155
International Organisations GXXT β β β β β β β β β β β
World total KTND 12 908 12 449 12 052 10 483 13 917 12 234 12 047 13 767 17 400 18 223 15 665
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
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continued Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Debits
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria GXXV 23 16 17 23 21 24 25 29 34 42 27Belgium and Luxembourg GXXW 107 77 70 78 93 98 105 114 93 100 84
of which Belgium A8BV .. .. 61 70 82 87 94 101 79 78 73Luxembourg A8BY .. .. 9 8 11 11 11 13 14 22 11
Bulgaria LTQA β β 8 12 8 14 7 4 4 7 2Cyprus1 A8BW .. .. 10 18 19 27 26 32 35 41 34Czech Republic GXYP 15 14 21 9 9 11 12 13 14 21 19Denmark GXXX 53 50 41 37 32 36 30 42 54 65 44Estonia LWQY 4 β β β β β 1 4 4 1 βFinland GXXY 13 12 10 22 14 14 13 17 17 24 15France GXXZ 251 250 301 268 288 333 267 320 351 419 363Germany GXYA 345 314 281 294 288 366 316 401 455 484 371Greece GXYB 47 50 34 49 45 46 46 59 65 67 71Hungary HIEC 17 18 17 16 12 19 10 11 12 12 8Ireland GXYC 747 800 389 471 442 476 506 559 611 612 421Italy GXYD 240 256 153 133 139 150 131 178 207 243 160Latvia LYON 7 4 6 2 1 2 1 1 β 5 2Lithuania LYYJ 3 β 8 1 15 14 β 8 9 14 4Malta1 A8BZ .. .. 9 15 17 18 19 22 23 24 27Netherlands GXYE 146 137 158 187 144 178 127 176 205 174 189Poland GXYQ 62 56 35 58 46 50 52 56 59 71 49Portugal GXYF 28 26 31 48 36 40 41 46 47 53 41Romania HIEE 13 14 10 14 11 20 10 12 12 10 4Slovak Republic HIEG 8 10 7 5 3 6 3 1 6 6 1Slovenia HIEH 2 1 8 β 5 4 β 1 1 4 1Spain GXYG 131 145 164 125 126 141 151 171 172 192 188Sweden GXYH 66 57 55 33 34 39 35 43 41 55 34European Central Bank KOEJ β β β β β β β β β β βEU Institutions GXYI 8 268 10 265 10 524 10 719 9 557 10 097 11 485 11 505 13 098 13 025 13 060
Total EU27 GCR2 .. .. 12 367 12 637 11 405 12 223 13 419 13 825 15 629 15 771 15 219
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland GXYK 6 4 2 4 2 6 2 2 1 7 3Liechtenstein GXYL 6 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 β 5 2Norway GXYM 82 75 82 56 59 63 54 72 77 96 99Switzerland GXYN 103 99 85 94 91 124 90 121 146 188 111
Total EFTA GXYO 197 182 171 156 153 195 147 196 224 296 215
Other EuropeAlbania HIDY 2 2 2 6 9 12 7 7 7 5 11Belarus HIDZ 2 2 4 β 6 11 3 2 2 3 βCroatia HIEA 13 8 4 8 5 6 5 6 11 20 16Russia GXYR 99 104 70 90 55 23 49 60 62 66 31Turkey GXYS 37 38 33 28 34 41 32 44 48 72 28Ukraine HIEJ 24 23 42 30 54 15 28 41 42 45 28Serbia and Montenegro LWHC 1 β 8 67 38 31 30 27 29 37 38Other1 HZWJ 135 141 122 126 149 156 189 168 180 191 198
Total Europe GXYU 11 106 13 072 12 823 13 148 11 908 12 713 13 909 14 376 16 234 16 506 15 784
AmericasArgentina HIES 20 21 12 16 17 18 14 16 15 29 16Brazil GXYV 38 41 37 36 45 57 35 38 41 64 26Canada GXYW 361 361 282 265 280 315 276 368 406 399 392Chile HIEU 20 19 13 12 11 13 10 13 14 31 14Colombia HIEV 36 34 25 23 29 22 14 21 21 40 20Mexico GXYX 41 41 29 25 22 31 21 28 33 97 32United States of America GXYY 2 262 2 158 1 575 1 421 2 553 1 891 1 449 1 845 4 471 3 620 3 613Uruguay HIEW 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1Venezuela HIEX 18 19 11 9 11 13 9 14 16 28 11Other Central American Countries HIEP 562 623 455 429 401 426 365 456 510 783 449Other HIER 68 159 87 80 96 96 64 68 68 67 44
Total Americas GXZA 3 427 3 477 2 527 2 317 3 466 2 883 2 258 2 868 5 596 5 161 4 618
AsiaChina GXZB 91 109 98 82 86 125 77 136 137 150 164Hong Kong GXZC 97 93 123 117 121 133 126 147 155 165 126India GXZD 398 407 422 489 534 557 503 621 711 733 837Indonesia GXZE 103 103 75 54 45 51 67 83 182 160 143Iran HIEZ 23 20 19 20 17 19 17 21 23 28 13Israel GXZF 49 51 35 33 36 42 35 40 43 58 39Japan GXZG 166 163 124 95 104 132 99 132 148 280 119Malaysia GXZH 42 43 62 45 44 49 46 53 61 77 45Pakistan GXZI 183 158 151 144 162 233 183 196 211 248 265Philippines GXZJ 55 52 36 30 33 35 33 37 40 50 27Saudi Arabia GXZK 22 21 37 41 42 51 48 52 49 65 59Singapore GXZL 39 42 77 76 76 88 90 109 118 117 102South Korea GXZM 19 22 17 11 13 21 10 23 29 57 7Taiwan GXZN 15 15 13 7 11 15 9 12 15 27 9Thailand GXZO 20 18 23 29 30 40 31 37 50 52 41Residual Gulf Arabian Countries HIFB 96 90 90 74 83 88 193 325 342 362 277Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries HIFD 51 46 56 67 77 77 73 91 96 102 67Other HZWN 315 283 300 404 538 609 529 740 854 974 1 258
Total Asia GXZQ 1 784 1 736 1 758 1 818 2 052 2 365 2 169 2 855 3 264 3 705 3 598
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia GXZR 335 336 220 217 240 275 264 345 399 352 350New Zealand GXZS 84 82 53 66 75 80 79 92 101 109 85Other GXZT 32 25 31 11 10 23 22 26 27 28 11Total Australasia & Oceania GXZU 451 443 304 294 325 378 365 463 527 489 446
AfricaEgypt LZIF 5 β 28 24 23 27 26 36 39 45 26Morocco HIYZ 11 9 10 8 7 8 9 9 9 15 8South Africa GXZV 188 202 227 257 286 309 313 346 364 383 374Other North Africa HIYX 34 43 24 10 13 14 26 20 21 24 14Other HZUA 955 986 1 042 1 268 1 320 1 363 2 087 1 894 2 009 2 100 2 608
Total Africa GXZX 1 193 1 240 1 331 1 567 1 649 1 721 2 461 2 305 2 442 2 567 3 030
International Organisations GXZY 692 653 631 1 114 1 032 1 044 720 1 176 1 186 1 719 1 883
World total KTNE 18 653 20 621 19 374 20 258 20 432 21 104 21 882 24 043 29 249 30 147 29 359
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
9.7 Current transfers
Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
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continued Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Balances
EuropeEuropean Union (EU)
Austria GZDU 12 18 17 7 10 9 26 7 4 5 9Belgium and Luxembourg GZDV 114 173 166 146 124 149 127 132 170 176 157
of which Belgium A8H2 .. .. 158 139 120 143 123 126 163 169 150Luxembourg A8H5 .. .. 8 7 4 6 4 6 7 7 7
Bulgaria ZWRH β β β8 β10 β8 β6 β6 β3 4 6 14Cyprus1 A8H3 .. .. β9 β16 β17 β24 β22 β28 β31 β32 β29Czech Republic GZCJ β8 β10 β17 β3 β7 β8 20 10 2 5 βDenmark GZDW β2 β3 β8 β9 β2 5 β2 β2 β9 β8 β3Estonia ZWRN β1 β β β β β β1 β4 β4 β1 βFinland GZDX 9 6 6 2 1 2 80 β β 1 6France GZDY 84 105 β10 11 40 3 β74 12 β32 β18 β49Germany GZDZ 118 151 139 97 104 78 63 56 44 74 108Greece GZEA 11 10 9 β10 β5 2 β6 β10 β10 β10 β18Hungary GYWH β17 β18 β17 β15 β11 β11 β9 β10 β7 β6 5Ireland GZEB β559 β608 β259 β356 β280 β321 β393 β389 β445 β449 β241Italy GZEC β64 β84 β31 β32 β22 β27 β31 β β27 β22 1Latvia ZWRV β3 β β4 β β 3 β β 7 6 3Lithuania ZWRU β2 β β8 β1 β14 β14 β β8 β2 β5 11Malta1 A8H6 .. .. β8 β15 β16 β17 β18 β20 β21 β22 β23Netherlands GZED 187 183 150 136 171 196 165 177 172 209 149Poland GZCK β33 β51 β31 β55 β43 β36 β45 β19 48 61 82Portugal GZEE β8 β7 β13 β20 β21 β19 β26 β24 β27 β28 β21Romania ZWRX β13 β12 β8 β14 β11 β9 β9 β10 β5 1 5Slovak Republic ZWRZ β8 β5 β3 β5 β1 β3 β3 β1 7 9 17Slovenia ZWRY β2 β1 β8 β β5 1 β β β β βSpain GZEF β12 β24 β59 β33 β28 β36 β65 β44 β35 β31 β51Sweden GYRO 45 52 38 55 56 58 49 65 66 72 62European Central Bank ZWRB β β β β β β β β β β βEU Institutions GYRP β2 846 β5 162 β4 133 β5 405 β2 282 β4 192 β4 797 β4 151 β5 122 β4 906 β5 795
Total EU27 GD6K .. .. β4 109 β5 545 β2 267 β4 217 β4 977 β4 264 β5 253 β4 913 β5 601
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)Iceland GXEL 30 32 33 29 32 29 62 32 33 33 32Liechtenstein GXEM β β β β β β β β β β βNorway GXEN 2 9 β18 4 1 17 12 3 10 12 β12Switzerland GZCH 2 4 β11 β35 β26 β44 β27 β36 β41 β35 β31
Total EFTA GZCI 34 45 4 β2 7 2 47 β1 2 10 β11
Other EuropeAlbania ZWRF β1 β2 β2 β6 β9 β12 β7 β7 β7 β5 β11Belarus ZWRI β2 β2 β4 β β5 β11 4 β2 β1 β2 βCroatia ZWRS β7 β4 β2 β6 β4 β4 β3 β4 β11 β11 β2Russia GZCL β71 β78 β53 β80 β43 β7 β38 β41 β38 β16 β9Turkey GZCM β2 β2 β2 β β4 β7 β2 β7 β9 β11 8Ukraine ZWSA β23 β23 β42 β29 β54 β15 β21 β22 β40 β42 β20Serbia and Montenegro ZWSD β1 β β6 β65 β37 β29 β25 β26 β29 β32 β34Other1 ZWRC β110 β110 β110 β116 β122 β140 β173 β159 β166 β161 β136
Total Europe GZCO β3 181 β5 463 β4 326 β5 849 β2 538 β4 440 β5 195 β4 533 β5 552 β5 183 β5 816
AmericasArgentina ZWRG β2 β2 β2 β8 β7 β7 β7 β8 β10 β11 β8Brazil GZCP β14 β18 β22 β26 β31 β41 β24 β26 β29 β26 β10Canada GZCQ β58 β56 β74 β91 β83 β106 β116 β125 β139 β135 β139Chile ZWRJ β6 β4 β5 β5 β1 β4 β3 β4 β4 β4 β3Colombia ZWRK β8 β7 β9 β9 β5 β5 11 β6 β6 β4 β6Mexico GZCR β5 β8 β8 β7 β3 β3 β β1 β1 β1 β3United States of America GZCS β126 β57 β232 β239 β158 β198 β232 β296 β285 β230 β280Uruguay ZWSB β1 β1 β1 β1 β1 β1 β1 β1 β1 β1 β1Venezuela ZWSC 3 2 3 β1 β1 β1 β1 β1 β1 β1 β1Other Central American Countries ZWRM β307 β363 β299 β289 β256 β245 β230 β242 β252 β266 β223Other ZWRP β50 β140 β76 β72 β86 β83 β51 β55 β53 β36 β32
Total Americas GZCU β574 β654 β725 β748 β632 β694 β654 β765 β781 β715 β706
AsiaChina GZCV β72 β89 β85 β73 β76 β112 β68 β123 β125 β114 β149Hong Kong GZCW 35 β16 β65 β68 β67 β93 β97 β110 β119 β117 β99India GZCX β382 β390 β405 β474 β511 β532 β490 β594 β681 β660 β814Indonesia GZCY β67 β64 β55 β37 β26 β27 β23 β65 β164 β85 β124Iran ZWRT β17 β16 β17 β17 β15 β16 β15 β18 β19 β19 β10Israel GZCZ 4 2 1 β4 β5 β7 β2 β8 β9 β9 β6Japan GZDA 4 11 β11 2 5 β2 β4 β8 β11 β10 β4Malaysia GZDB β14 β14 β41 β28 β21 β28 2 β32 β40 β39 β24Pakistan GZDC β174 β153 β146 β141 β158 β229 β154 β192 β208 β235 β258Philippines GZDD β34 β33 β25 β22 β23 β24 β26 β28 β30 β31 β19Saudi Arabia GZDE 464 470 464 444 452 437 451 429 441 446 425Singapore GZDF β19 β22 β63 β67 β61 β73 β77 β86 β90 β87 β79South Korea GZDG β1 β3 β3 β2 β1 β1 β β1 β1 β β1Taiwan GZDH β1 β β5 β β1 β 13 β β β βThailand GZDI β11 β10 β17 β24 β25 β31 β25 β29 β40 β31 β34Residual Gulf Arabian Countries ZWRQ 82 89 80 88 82 84 β25 β148 β163 β131 β99Other Near & Middle Eastern Countries ZWRR 243 248 249 227 222 218 221 202 203 210 226Other ZWRD β209 β218 β243 β350 β476 β565 β491 β699 β813 β905 β1 205
Total Asia GZDK β169 β208 β387 β546 β705 β1 001 β810 β1 510 β1 869 β1 817 β2 274
Australasia & OceaniaAustralia GZDL β103 β123 β47 β59 β71 β72 β99 β101 β131 β124 β110New Zealand GZDM β7 β13 5 β13 β17 β22 β28 β28 β41 β41 β24Other GZDN β26 β21 β28 β8 β8 β20 β20 β20 β22 β21 β6
Total Australasia & Oceania GZDO β136 β157 β70 β80 β96 β114 β147 β149 β194 β186 β140
AfricaEgypt ZWRO β 1 β24 β21 β21 β23 β β29 β30 β26 β20Morocco ZWRW β5 β5 β8 β6 β6 β6 β7 β7 β8 β8 β5South Africa GZDP β65 β75 β134 β176 β198 β226 β244 β250 β259 β260 β308Other North Africa ZWRL β21 β28 β13 β β3 β1 β6 β6 β6 β7 β2Other ZWRE β902 β930 β1 004 β1 235 β1 284 β1 321 β2 052 β1 851 β1 964 β2 003 β2 540
Total Africa GZDR β993 β1 037 β1 183 β1 438 β1 512 β1 577 β2 309 β2 143 β2 267 β2 304 β2 875
International Organisations GZDS β692 β653 β631 β1 114 β1 032 β1 044 β720 β1 176 β1 186 β1 719 β1 883
World total KTNF β5 745 β8 172 β7 322 β9 775 β6 515 β8 870 β9 835 β10 276 β11 849 β11 924 β13 694
1 Cyprus and Malta are included in Other Europe before 1999.
9.7 Current transfers
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Β£ million
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
CreditsExports of goods
EMU members QATL 92 359 102 138 104 202 103 908 100 631 100 595 109 506 136 061 114 034EU members LGCJ 101 537 112 459 114 406 114 737 111 286 111 650 121 486 152 357 127 678Total Europe EPLM 108 623 120 705 122 492 122 437 119 832 120 666 133 669 164 342 140 542USA QAMH 24 040 29 276 29 244 28 197 28 672 28 589 30 916 32 098 32 113
Exports of servicesEMU members GFS6 27 196 29 622 32 122 33 568 36 645 40 146 43 210 46 143 50 738EU members GC8R 30 783 33 718 36 850 38 306 41 871 46 037 49 741 53 828 59 436Total Europe FYWB 36 700 39 864 43 547 46 682 51 340 55 688 61 157 67 179 75 237USA FYWF 17 889 19 274 19 211 22 690 23 977 25 790 24 529 28 801 32 082
IncomeEMU members G99N 39 923 52 406 59 549 51 287 50 329 51 351 65 326 84 950 109 646EU members GNF6 43 406 57 027 64 584 55 788 54 796 56 854 71 290 91 708 117 192Total Europe LERD 51 945 69 737 75 064 65 105 65 377 70 301 89 678 116 496 149 198USA BFVE 23 744 29 284 31 117 26 524 27 662 30 170 44 946 59 483 65 622
Current transfersEMU members GFP7 1 723 1 646 1 730 1 907 1 594 1 988 2 072 2 321 1 981EU members GC84 8 258 7 092 9 138 8 006 8 442 9 561 10 376 10 858 9 618Total Europe GXWP 8 497 7 299 9 370 8 273 8 714 9 843 10 682 11 323 9 968USA GXWT 1 343 1 182 2 395 1 693 1 217 1 549 4 186 3 390 3 333
TOTAL CREDITSEMU members G99K 160 753 185 295 197 097 190 170 188 622 193 497 219 515 268 196 275 622EU members G97O 183 984 210 296 224 978 216 837 216 395 224 102 252 893 308 751 313 924Total Europe LERA 205 765 237 605 250 473 242 497 245 263 256 498 295 186 359 340 374 945USA BFVB 67 016 79 016 81 967 79 104 81 528 86 098 104 577 123 772 133 150
DebitsImports of goods
EMU members QBRM 99 645 106 146 114 724 123 716 123 224 126 804 139 541 157 276 147 854EU members LGDB 109 622 117 644 126 973 136 931 137 404 142 523 158 163 183 748 169 142Total Europe EPMM 121 635 132 366 141 496 151 744 153 466 162 131 183 786 213 967 199 636USA QAMI 24 360 28 416 29 345 25 149 22 857 22 103 22 187 25 551 25 803
Imports of servicesEMU members GG2B 29 577 32 098 34 151 36 066 38 696 40 770 44 670 46 159 48 272EU members GCV2 32 510 35 356 37 686 39 715 43 014 45 517 50 423 52 579 54 834Total Europe GGPQ 36 024 39 497 41 893 44 975 47 916 50 656 56 739 59 523 62 655USA GGPU 12 753 13 205 13 503 13 403 14 862 15 327 16 328 16 762 18 440
IncomeEMU members G99I 34 016 45 385 43 125 32 695 40 726 46 826 62 673 84 531 106 189EU members G97L 38 328 50 234 47 819 37 080 44 611 50 995 68 138 91 324 114 281Total Europe LERE 52 926 70 506 66 919 51 636 57 833 65 759 90 034 121 561 153 850USA BFVF 24 241 27 660 31 683 29 836 30 618 34 641 44 590 62 522 72 222
Current transfersEMU members GFX3 1 616 1 698 1 641 1 870 1 728 2 071 2 258 2 414 1 931EU members GCR2 12 367 12 637 11 405 12 223 13 419 13 825 15 629 15 771 15 219Total Europe GXYU 12 823 13 148 11 908 12 713 13 909 14 376 16 234 16 506 15 784USA GXYY 1 575 1 421 2 553 1 891 1 449 1 845 4 471 3 620 3 613
TOTAL DEBITSEMU members G99F 164 541 184 993 193 254 193 932 203 938 216 082 248 693 288 774 303 879EU members G97F 192 827 215 871 223 883 225 949 238 448 252 860 292 353 343 422 353 476Total Europe LERB 223 408 255 517 262 216 261 068 273 124 292 922 346 793 411 557 431 925USA BFVC 62 929 70 702 77 084 70 279 69 786 73 916 87 576 108 455 120 078
BalancesTrade in goods
EMU members QBRX β7 286 β4 008 β10 522 β19 808 β22 593 β26 209 β30 035 β21 215 β33 820EU members LGCF β8 085 β5 185 β12 567 β22 194 β26 118 β30 873 β36 677 β31 391 β41 464Total Europe EPNM β13 012 β11 661 β19 004 β29 307 β33 634 β41 465 β50 117 β49 625 β59 094USA QBRP β320 860 β101 3 048 5 815 6 486 8 729 6 547 6 310
Trade in servicesEMU members GG3L β2 381 β2 476 β2 029 β2 498 β2 051 β624 β1 460 β16 2 466EU members GD6R β1 727 β1 638 β836 β1 409 β1 143 520 β682 1 249 4 602Total Europe GGRV 676 367 1 654 1 707 3 424 5 032 4 418 7 656 12 582USA GGRZ 5 136 6 069 5 708 9 287 9 115 10 463 8 201 12 039 13 642
IncomeEMU members G99D 5 907 7 021 16 424 18 592 9 603 4 525 2 653 419 3 457EU members G97D 5 078 6 793 16 765 18 708 10 185 5 859 3 152 384 2 911Total Europe LERF β981 β769 8 145 13 469 7 544 4 542 β356 β5 065 β4 652USA BFVG β497 1 624 β566 β3 312 β2 956 β4 471 356 β3 039 β6 600
Current transfersEMU members GG3E 107 β52 89 37 β134 β83 β186 β93 50EU members GD6K β4 109 β5 545 β2 267 β4 217 β4 977 β4 264 β5 253 β4 913 β5 601Total Europe GZCO β4 326 β5 849 β2 538 β4 440 β5 195 β4 533 β5 552 β5 183 β5 816USA GZCS β232 β239 β158 β198 β232 β296 β285 β230 β280
CURRENT BALANCEEMU members G997 β3 788 302 3 843 β3 762 β15 316 β22 585 β29 178 β20 578 β28 257EU members G977 β8 843 β5 575 1 095 β9 112 β22 053 β28 758 β39 460 β34 671 β39 552Total Europe LERC β17 643 β17 912 β11 743 β18 571 β27 861 β36 424 β51 607 β52 217 β56 980USA BFVD 4 087 8 314 4 883 8 825 11 742 12 182 17 001 15 317 13 072
1 EMU Members: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, IrishRepublic, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain.
2 EU and Europe include transactions with European Union institutions.
9.8 Current accountTransactions with Europe and USA1,2
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Β£ million
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Credits
Exports of servicesUK charge for collecting duties and levies(net)1 QWUE 240 212 208 217 525 487 489 543 565 583 603
Current transfersOther sectors
Agricultural Guarantee Fund2 EBGL 3 063 2 935 2 781 2 571 2 336 2 381 2 691 3 315 3 408 3 220 2 943European Social Fund HDIZ 615 783 434 659 370 412 427 433 900 1 305 795European Coal & Steel Community Grant FJKP 5 1 β β 1 β β 2 β β β
Central governmentFontainebleau abatement FKKL 1 733 1 377 3 171 2 084 4 560 3 099 3 560 3 592 3 655 3 570 3 523Other EU receipts GCSD 6 7 5 β 8 13 10 12 13 24 4
Capital transfersOther sectors
Agricultural Fund for Regional Development3 FJXL 57 56 47 82 26 β 2 49 80 50 150European Regional Development Fund HBZA 812 357 285 989 543 296 622 1 062 1 402 618 707Other capital transfers from EU Institutions2 EBGO 178 43 β β 322 β β β β β β
Total credits GCSL 6 709 5 771 6 931 6 602 8 691 6 688 7 801 9 008 10 023 9 370 8 725
Debits
Current transfersOther sectors
Customs duties and agricultural levies 4 FJWD 2 291 2 076 2 024 2 086 2 069 1 919 1 937 2 145 2 237 2 329 2 412Sugar levies 4 GTBA 91 42 46 44 31 25 18 25 24 β βEuropean Coal & Steel Community production levy 4 GTBB β β β β β β β β β β βVAT based contribution 5 HCML 3 646 3 758 3 920 4 104 3 624 2 720 2 775 1 764 1 980 2 165 2 293VAT adjustment 5 FSVL β249 470 β109 100 β49 88 β35 25 19 2 26
Central governmentGNP fourth resource6 HCSO 2 655 3 516 4 403 4 243 3 859 5 259 6 622 7 565 8 597 8 358 7 996GNP adjustments6 HCSM β197 404 229 136 β1 76 150 β16 135 163 327Total GNP based fourth own resource contribution NMFH 2 458 3 920 4 632 4 379 3 858 5 335 6 772 7 549 8 732 8 521 8 323Inter-government agreements HCBW β β β β β β β β β β βEU non-budget (miscellaneous) HRTM β β β β β β β β β β βOther current transfers to EU institutions GVEG 31 β1 11 6 24 10 18 β3 106 8 6
Total debits GCSM 8 268 10 265 10 524 10 719 9 557 10 097 11 485 11 505 13 098 13 025 13 060
Balance (UK net contribution to the EU) BLZS β1 559 β4 494 β3 593 β4 117 β866 β3 409 β3 684 β2 497 β3 075 β3 655 β4 335
1 Before 1989 this is netted off the VAT contribution but cannot be identfifiedseparately.
2 Other capital transfers from EU institutions are included indistiguishably withAgricultural Guarantee Fund receipts before 1996.
3 Up to 2006 this series includes the European Agricultural Guidance Fund.4 EU traditional own resource.5 Third own resource contribution.6 Fourth own resource contribution.
9.9 UK official transactions with institutions of the EU
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Β£ million
Royal- Personal,Computer ties Other cultural
Trans- and and busi- andport- Commun- Cons- Insu- Finan- infor- license ness recrea- Govern- Totalation Travel ications truction rance cial mation fees services tional ment services
Exports
European Union (EU27) total 6 438 8 112 2 437 429 583 13 640 3 475 2 323 14 790 857 744 53 828Belgium 385 279 64 46 13 600 100 70 965 19 .. 2 547Luxembourg 12 24 25 .. 13 698 .. β 250 β .. 1 126Denmark 944 210 .. .. 26 385 108 97 379 82 .. 2 313France 822 1 178 336 13 112 2 198 396 181 1 862 91 15 7 204Germany 942 1 178 403 21 106 3 339 613 287 2 752 92 25 9 758Ireland 775 966 378 228 44 896 1 116 502 1 854 65 4 6 828Italy 400 693 303 16 96 952 159 228 698 106 5 3 656Netherlands 606 536 291 57 36 1 941 393 362 3 289 64 16 7 591Russia 65 254 26 9 27 752 29 29 429 23 12 1 655Spain 902 912 214 20 33 1 140 124 109 862 101 8 4 425Switzerland 177 381 51 19 73 1 374 .. 261 2 402 31 .. 5 588Turkey 92 128 16 1 25 117 27 16 98 7 8 535Argentina 17 29 11 β 11 8 .. .. 13 .. 4 103Brazil 95 136 15 .. 24 .. 36 25 76 .. 6 484Canada 307 504 37 .. 129 499 31 53 425 18 .. 2 019Chile 15 45 .. .. 17 4 β 2 29 .. 3 122Mexico 58 79 7 .. 60 63 .. 24 78 8 .. 387United States of America 3 255 2 988 540 .. 1 987 7 120 1 658 1 903 8 423 .. 412 28 801China 348 517 25 .. 22 198 20 82 177 .. .. 1 411Hong Kong 265 185 .. .. 24 437 28 25 245 .. 3 1 275India 337 400 37 2 41 178 39 71 406 26 84 1 621Iran 16 76 8 .. 5 37 .. 6 43 .. .. 209Japan 534 328 35 1 148 1 912 28 395 842 47 4 4 274Malaysia 61 163 12 .. 18 69 19 17 124 .. .. 490Philippines 21 25 .. .. 11 10 4 4 17 .. .. 99Saudi Arabia 106 145 23 4 15 145 .. 9 2 228 .. .. 2 701Singapore 448 92 20 5 18 327 25 .. 435 .. β 2 870South Korea 148 140 11 6 36 197 17 75 198 5 5 838Taiwan 84 71 5 .. 17 195 9 25 .. 1 20 571Thailand 68 72 13 .. 13 65 .. 7 37 .. .. 286Australia 665 659 54 9 67 456 66 169 522 103 8 2 778South Africa 329 271 40 1 49 184 82 71 275 24 11 1 337Other 2 580 4 649 .. .. 816 .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 847
Global total 15 879 18 313 3 945 790 4 132 33 832 6 806 7 471 37 389 2 136 2 056 132 749
Imports
European Union (EU27) total 10 814 19 862 1 954 399 562 4 454 1 497 1 811 9 258 329 1 639 52 579Belgium 395 425 55 24 46 478 63 .. 575 .. .. 2 133Luxembourg 54 47 .. .. 8 182 .. 79 144 .. .. 526Denmark 483 140 27 6 24 75 39 39 159 15 9 1 016France 1 705 3 933 265 23 96 613 169 .. 1 806 39 .. 9 619Germany 1 030 869 537 141 121 1 334 515 269 2 018 53 1 073 7 960Ireland 566 1 149 189 83 41 461 269 79 624 19 25 3 505Italy 1 109 1 574 206 3 35 250 42 49 771 .. .. 4 144Netherlands 797 736 120 29 65 460 174 227 954 33 24 3 619Russia 123 103 25 .. 15 115 5 4 321 .. 2 726Spain 2 403 6 017 290 11 37 244 33 30 712 18 118 9 913Switzerland 353 477 45 26 12 298 165 266 670 40 4 2 356Turkey 278 634 20 .. 11 18 .. .. 125 .. .. 1 094Argentina 12 70 4 β .. 1 .. .. .. .. 3 116Brazil 71 106 9 .. 5 .. .. 1 37 .. 6 263Canada 227 598 37 13 15 118 34 84 187 5 30 1 348Chile 15 15 .. .. .. .. .. β .. .. 1 39Mexico 53 170 8 β 1 10 .. .. 21 .. .. 275United States of America 2 213 3 610 360 10 82 2 981 659 2 284 3 572 411 580 16 762China 291 271 23 .. 40 31 4 .. 133 .. 4 811Hong Kong 196 155 .. 2 21 209 4 4 225 .. 5 844India 302 751 62 2 8 39 207 .. 224 .. 3 1 609Iran 15 35 1 .. β 2 .. β .. β β 61Japan 259 132 26 .. 20 826 8 451 1 015 .. .. 2 748Malaysia 61 128 14 .. 5 11 .. .. 27 .. .. 253Philippines 40 97 6 β .. 1 .. .. 17 .. 4 173Saudi Arabia 51 42 7 β .. 10 .. .. .. β β 670Singapore 109 57 19 .. 10 135 13 9 486 4 .. 866South Korea 59 29 .. .. 8 50 .. .. 94 .. 3 252Taiwan 42 22 .. .. .. 62 .. .. 82 .. β 220Thailand 127 504 12 .. .. 8 .. .. 26 .. 2 686Australia 289 1 011 42 .. .. 112 19 73 239 12 3 1 809South Africa 196 584 29 .. 10 40 22 9 126 .. .. 1 025Other 5 108 9 800 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 200
Global total 19 032 34 291 3 683 625 979 10 267 2 729 5 166 19 333 856 2 680 99 641
Symbols used in this table:.. Indicates that data might be disclosive and have therefore been omitted- Indicates that the data is nil or less than Β£500,000
9.10 Trade in servicesBy type of service 2006
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Β£ million
Royal- Personal,Computer ties Other cultural
Trans- and and busi- andport- Commun- Cons- Insu- Finan- infor- license ness recrea- Govern- Totalation Travel ications truction rance cial mation fees services tional ment services
Exports
European Union (EU27) total 6 921 8 775 2 181 335 650 16 900 3 689 2 292 16 041 846 806 59 436Belgium 386 263 47 12 20 790 154 54 1 081 19 .. 2 831Luxembourg 3 24 52 .. 11 856 .. 5 535 .. .. 1 524Denmark 981 253 38 .. 28 356 72 106 440 86 .. 2 371France 829 1 213 245 27 121 2 863 468 197 1 970 69 21 8 023Germany 784 1 350 439 12 100 3 686 821 218 2 778 80 36 10 304Ireland 741 1 034 276 212 65 1 376 914 555 1 922 82 8 7 185Italy 467 808 287 5 106 1 126 164 210 795 131 9 4 108Netherlands 746 591 240 8 64 2 410 399 307 3 438 49 8 8 260Russia 112 282 32 13 18 1 052 33 51 459 30 10 2 092Spain 1 294 959 232 18 35 1 415 126 131 778 101 12 5 101Switzerland 303 386 45 .. 57 2 061 .. 262 2 436 19 3 6 450Turkey 60 198 23 .. 14 220 36 20 130 9 .. 719Argentina 21 24 15 .. 9 14 2 6 28 .. .. 127Brazil 81 152 17 .. 18 .. 19 20 47 1 6 438Canada 354 582 48 1 221 658 46 45 470 18 30 2 473Chile 35 59 5 .. 12 5 β 2 .. .. 10 172Mexico 55 43 9 .. 32 80 5 25 78 .. .. 338United States of America 3 102 2 710 647 28 3 453 9 233 1 328 1 883 8 959 394 345 32 082China 405 465 24 4 13 226 15 51 181 .. .. 1 398Hong Kong 328 203 29 β 21 648 27 24 311 .. .. 1 623India 406 383 39 3 20 243 48 95 337 63 66 1 703Iran 9 38 6 .. 3 32 .. 4 50 .. .. 158Japan 456 248 .. .. 91 2 516 52 337 738 40 4 4 517Malaysia 38 115 13 .. 13 113 12 22 105 5 .. 443Philippines 28 25 .. .. 9 12 .. 4 18 .. 1 112Saudi Arabia 96 172 30 8 15 213 18 6 2 454 .. .. 3 020Singapore 490 104 22 .. 24 418 23 .. 547 .. 1 3 314South Korea 220 133 10 .. 7 256 23 63 213 .. .. 935Taiwan 91 87 5 .. 10 293 8 16 95 .. .. 627Thailand 47 75 13 .. 8 82 4 8 54 .. 5 304Australia 654 696 85 23 142 586 82 165 646 118 8 3 205South Africa 284 251 48 9 32 291 84 73 306 36 11 1 425Other 2 541 4 900 .. .. 737 .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 252
Global total 16 447 18 826 3 884 907 5 529 43 055 6 834 7 401 40 613 2 054 2 084 147 634
Imports
European Union (EU27) total 11 012 20 989 1 710 430 542 4 728 1 447 1 677 10 104 281 1 914 54 834Belgium 400 459 49 4 45 476 53 70 688 13 .. 2 285Luxembourg 37 48 .. .. .. 176 4 100 113 .. .. 485Denmark 502 124 17 18 14 63 34 39 163 16 6 996France 1 776 4 075 242 20 87 593 199 .. 2 018 29 .. 9 850Germany 991 898 584 103 132 1 429 453 242 2 163 37 1 315 8 347Ireland 575 1 052 180 107 40 787 232 78 809 21 46 3 927Italy 1 201 1 898 188 11 38 213 45 .. 856 .. 43 4 645Netherlands 712 683 109 78 71 379 182 209 1 007 43 27 3 500Russia 150 112 29 .. 14 81 6 11 434 .. 10 864Spain 2 318 6 317 162 9 30 252 74 27 664 19 145 10 017Switzerland 378 659 28 1 14 363 142 291 878 36 3 2 793Turkey 304 745 24 .. 14 25 .. 3 48 .. .. 1 170Argentina 11 54 .. β .. .. .. 1 17 .. .. 90Brazil 52 98 10 .. 6 .. .. .. 56 .. 8 282Canada 234 572 39 3 16 132 20 67 261 .. .. 1 397Chile 15 47 .. β .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 69Mexico 48 253 8 β 2 9 .. 3 31 .. .. 361United States of America 1 924 3 853 361 23 101 3 821 786 2 295 4 092 523 661 18 440China 321 288 51 .. 52 35 14 2 199 .. 7 1 001Hong Kong 146 164 29 .. 20 497 .. 4 304 .. 4 1 181India 340 846 80 1 11 46 257 2 210 .. .. 1 806Iran 12 16 .. β β .. .. .. .. β 1 40Japan 218 145 24 .. 22 790 6 557 1 248 .. .. 3 020Malaysia 49 118 13 β .. 11 2 .. 27 .. 3 231Philippines 43 68 11 β .. 1 .. .. 23 .. β 156Saudi Arabia 31 89 5 .. .. 14 .. .. .. 1 2 693Singapore 94 49 15 .. 14 180 34 12 492 6 .. 910South Korea 56 40 .. .. 8 66 2 .. 134 .. .. 314Taiwan 51 7 .. .. 7 126 .. .. 109 β .. 307Thailand 112 506 14 .. .. 11 .. .. 36 .. 2 691Australia 291 846 52 9 7 207 21 64 268 10 5 1 780South Africa 157 474 19 .. 8 43 12 .. 209 .. 3 935Other 5 087 10 555 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 279
Global total 18 636 36 158 3 538 753 1 016 12 010 2 825 5 149 21 754 926 3 097 105 862
Symbols used in this table:.. Indicates that data might be disclosive and have therefore been omitted- Indicates that the data is nil or less than Β£500,000
9.11 Trade in servicesBy type of service 2007
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9.12 Trade in goods and servicesTop fifty UK trading partners
Exports ImportsGoods (Β£221bn in 2007) Services (Β£148bn in 2007) Goods (Β£310bn in 2007) Services (Β£106bn in 2007)
07 06 07 06 07 06 07 06
USA 1 1 USA 1 1 Germany 1 1 USA 1 1Germany 2 3 Germany 2 2 USA 2 3 Spain 2 2
France 3 2 Netherlands 3 3 Netherlands 3 4 France 3 3Ireland 4 4 France 4 4 France 4 2 Germany 4 4
Netherlands 5 5 Ireland 5 5 China 5 6 Italy 5 5Belgium 6 6 Switzerland 6 6 Belgium 6 5 Ireland 6 7
Spain 7 7 Spain 7 7 Norway 7 7 Netherlands 7 6Italy 8 8 Japan 8 8 Italy 8 9 Japan 8 8
Sweden 9 9 Italy 9 9 Ireland 9 10 Switzerland 9 9Japan 10 11 Singapore 10 10 Spain 10 8 Belgium 10 10China 11 15 Australia 11 11 Japan 11 11 Greece 11 11
Switzerland 12 10 Saudi Arabia 12 12 Hong Kong 12 12 India 12 13Canada 13 12 Belgium 13 13 Canada 13 16 Australia 13 12
India 14 18 The Channel Islands 14 14 Sweden 14 14 Portugal 14 14Russia 15 25 Norway 15 18 Russia 15 15 Canada 15 16
Hong Kong 16 16 Canada 16 16 Switzerland 16 17 Bermuda 16 17United Arab Emirates1 17 13 Denmark 17 15 Turkey 17 19 Sweden 17 15
Norway 18 24 Sweden 18 17 Singapore 18 21 Poland 18 24Australia 19 19 Russia 19 19 India 19 23 Hong Kong 19 28
Singapore 20 22 India 20 20 Poland 20 18 Turkey 20 20Poland 21 17 Hong Kong 21 24 Denmark 21 13 The Channel Islands 21 19Turkey 22 20 Cayman Islands 22 22 South Korea 22 24 Cyprus 22 18
South Africa 23 23 Luxembourg 23 26 South Africa 23 20 Norway 23 23Denmark 24 14 South Africa 24 23 Czech Republic 24 28 China 24 29
Finland 25 26 China 25 21 Finland 25 27 Denmark 25 22South Korea 26 27 United Arab Emirates1 26 25 Austria 26 26 United Arab Emirates1 26 27Saudi Arabia 27 30 Finland 27 27 Taiwan 27 29 South Africa 27 21
Portugal 28 21 Poland 28 29 Hungary 28 31 Singapore 28 26Czech Republic 29 31 South Korea 29 31 Australia 29 30 Russia 29 30
Austria 30 28 British Virgin Islands 30 30 Brazil 30 33 Austria 30 25Greece 31 32 Greece 31 34 Thailand 31 32 Saudi Arabia 31 32
Israel 32 33 Kazakhtstan 31 31 Malaysia 32 34 Thailand 32 31Brazil 33 35 Nigeria 33 28 Botswana 33 38 Egypt 33 33
Nigeria 34 39 Bermuda 34 33 Portugal 34 22 Luxembourg 34 36Malaysia 35 37 Turkey 35 38 Slovakia 35 β Czech Republic 35 35
Taiwan 36 36 Portugal 36 36 Israel 36 40 Barbados 36 34Brunei 37 β Taiwan 37 35 United Arab Emirates1 37 39 New Zealand 37 39
Hungary 38 38 Egypt 38 41 Algeria 38 42 Finland 38 40Mexico 39 40 Austria 39 37 Romania 39 43 Pakistan 39 38
Egypt 40 42 Czech Republic 40 49 Indonesia 40 41 Morocco 40 49Romania 41 41 Cyprus 41 47 Viet Nam 41 44 Kazakhtstan 41 37
Qatar 42 45 Hungary 42 44 Saudi Arabia 42 37 Hungary 42 41Thailand 43 43 Israel 43 42 Philippines 43 47 Mexico 43 44
Kuwait 44 48 Kuwait 44 43 Kuwait 44 48 Bulgaria 44 47Ukraine 45 β Malaysia 45 39 Luxembourg 45 25 South Korea 45 47
Pakistan 46 44 Brazil 46 40 New Zealand 46 β Malta 46 43Cyprus 47 34 Angola 47 49 Greece 47 45 Taiwan 47 β
Iran 48 49 New Zealand 48 46 Latvia 48 36 Israel 48 42Slovakia 49 β Qatar 49 β Belarus 49 49 Brazil 49 45
Malta 50 β Mexico 50 45 Mexico 50 β Malaysia 50 46
1 United Arab Emirates includes Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al Qaiwain, Ras al Khaimah and Fujairah
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9.13 Trade in servicesTrading partners ranked1
Exports2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006
USA 32 082 28 801 Iran 158 209 Belarus 14 9Germany 10 304 9 758 Bangladesh 145 105 Guinea 14 25
Netherlands 8 260 7 591 Slovakia 141 112 Mali 14 8France 8 023 7 204 Kenya 136 99 Afghanistan 13 9Ireland 7 185 6 828 Ghana 132 66 Sierra Leone 13 17
Switzerland 6 450 5 588 Oman 129 122 Suriname 13 6Spain 5 101 4 425 Argentina 127 103 Belize 12 19Japan 4 517 4 274 Malta 125 86 Bolivia 12 18
Italy 4 108 3 656 Bahamas 123 82 Maldives 12 14Singapore 3 314 2 870 Lithuania 120 102 Mauritania 12 14
Australia 3 205 2 778 Philippines 112 99 Albania 11 13Saudi Arabia 3 020 2 701 Sri Lanka 110 105 Cambodia 11 18
Belgium 2 831 2 547 Liechtenstein 103 42 Chad 11 11The Channel Islands 2 758 2 506 Croatia 98 98 Dominican Republic 11 5
Norway 2 531 1 926 Latvia 90 68 Cuba 10 9Canada 2 473 2 019 Mauritius 89 85 Andorra 9 10
Denmark 2 371 2 313 Tunisia 80 91 North Korea 9 3Sweden 2 323 1 964 Viet Nam 73 76 St Vincent & the Grenadines 9 3
Russia 2 092 1 655 Morocco 72 85 Togo 9 5India 1 703 1 621 Equatorial Guinea 71 45 Democratic Republic of Congo 8 5
Hong Kong 1 623 1 275 Colombia 70 69 Guatemala 8 6Cayman Islands 1 564 1 370 Jordan 70 77 Moldova 8 12
Luxembourg 1 524 1 126 Trinidad &Tobago 66 61 Aruba 6 4South Africa 1 425 1 337 Slovenia 62 70 Cape Verde 6 5
China 1 398 1 411 Serbia & Montenegro 61 42 Costa Rica 6 10United Arab Emirates2 1 398 1 153 Mozambique 60 42 Dominica 6 9
Finland 1 171 1 060 Netherlands Antilles 60 50 Falkland Islands 6 15Poland 964 987 Fiji 56 55 Lesotho 6 3
South Korea 935 838 Barbados 55 88 Macao 6 8British Virgin Islands 910 905 Venezuela 55 68 Paraguay 6 6
Greece 907 769 Lebanon 54 57 U.S. Virgin Islands 6 5Kazakhtstan 895 901 Cameroon 47 54 Antigua & Barbuda 5 15
Nigeria 882 1 009 Ecuador 46 36 Bosnia & Herzegovina 5 9Bermuda 824 816 Yemen 44 20 Marshall Islands 5 11
Turkey 719 535 Zambia 44 55 Mongolia 5 6Portugal 655 563 Gabon 40 42 Swaziland 5 7Taiwan 627 571 Botswana 38 33 Benin 4 6
Egypt 618 453 Senegal 37 23 Burkina Faso 4 4Austria 607 546 Estonia 36 57 Eritrea 4 4
Czech Republic 503 346 Tanzania 36 46 Grenada 4 5Cyprus 501 353 Sudan 35 31 Honduras 4 3
Hungary 494 414 Uganda 35 33 Saint Lucia 4 4Israel 475 447 Ethiopia 34 26 Armenia 3 4
Kuwait 465 419 Myanmar 34 33 Laos 3 5Malaysia 443 490 Brunei 33 35 Rwanda 3 3
Brazil 438 484 Cote d`Ivoire 33 15 St Helena 3 1Angola 427 346 Syria 32 25 Turkmenistan 3 9
New Zealand 418 378 Tajikistan 32 28 America Samoa 2 1Qatar 355 248 Zimbabwe 32 21 Burundi 2 2
Mexico 338 387 Macedonia 31 25 El Salvador 2 3Pakistan 310 349 Namibia 31 23 Guam 2 1Thailand 304 286 Malawi 27 14 Haiti 2 2
Isle of Man 271 282 Panama 27 47 Kiribati 2 1Gibraltar 266 264 Papua New Guinea 26 29 Kyrgyzstan 2 9
Indonesia 245 284 Congo 25 10 Somalia 2 1Romania 243 162 Jamaica 24 40 East Timor 2 β
Azerbaijan 238 227 Guyana 22 29 Bhutan 1 3Ukraine 199 147 Liberia 19 9 Djibouti 1 1
Libya 194 167 Nepal 17 19 Guinea-Bissau 1 1Peru 192 111 Seychelles 17 17 Nicaragua 1 1Iraq 177 135 Uruguay 17 16 Niger 1 4
Iceland 174 186 Gambia 16 10 San Marino 1 1Algeria 173 141 Georgia 16 33 Solomon Islands 1 1
Chile 172 122 Madagascar 16 10 St Kitts & Nevis 1 4Bahrain 169 177 Turks & Caicos Islands 16 15 Tonga 1 2Bulgaria 163 117 Uzbekistan 16 19 Vanuatu 1 6
1 Any country not included in this table is estimated having Trade in Services of less than Β£500,0002 United Arab Emirates includes Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al Qaiwain, Ras al Khaimah and Fujairah
Β£ million
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9.13 Trade in servicesTrading partners ranked1
Imports2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006
USA 18 440 16 762 Mauritius 114 136 Madagascar 10 7Spain 10 017 9 913 Bangladesh 112 121 Mozambique 10 7
France 9 850 9 619 Ghana 111 88 Chad 9 8Germany 8 347 7 960 Kuwait 111 109 Cote d`Ivoire 9 11
Italy 4 645 4 144 Azerbaijan 110 150 Paraguay 9 4Ireland 3 927 3 505 British Virgin Islands 100 79 Afghanistan 8 5
Netherlands 3 500 3 619 Lithuania 99 84 Malawi 8 8Japan 3 020 2 748 Slovakia 95 94 Turks & Caicos Islands 8 7
Switzerland 2 793 2 356 Tanzania 94 86 Honduras 7 3Belgium 2 285 2 133 Antigua & Barbuda 93 101 Anguilla 6 1Greece 2 251 2 008 Iceland 92 99 Belize 6 17
India 1 806 1 609 Latvia 92 84 Bolivia 6 9Australia 1 780 1 809 Argentina 90 116 Eritrea 6 6Portugal 1 695 1 429 Libya 88 56 Uruguay 6 13Canada 1 397 1 348 Andorra 85 70 Guatemala 5 10
Bermuda 1 241 1 198 Peru 84 75 Liberia 5 1Sweden 1 223 1 357 Dominican Republic 74 90 Netherlands Antilles 5 7Poland 1 203 957 Saint Lucia 73 54 Somalia 5 2
Hong Kong 1 181 844 Serbia & Montenegro 72 74 Armenia 4 2Turkey 1 170 1 094 Chile 69 39 Benin 4 1
The Channel Islands 1 153 1 126 Isle of Man 65 40 Bosnia & Herzegovina 4 2Cyprus 1 139 1 182 Oman 65 59 El Salvador 4 3Norway 1 038 1 013 Gibraltar 61 51 Mali 4 3
China 1 001 811 Bahamas 60 78 Rwanda 4 4Denmark 996 1 016 Cayman Islands 59 76 Georgia 3 3
United Arab Emirates2 981 856 Bahrain 56 36 Laos 3 1South Africa 935 1 025 Estonia 55 67 Lesotho 3 1
Singapore 910 866 Ecuador 49 28 Macedonia 3 1Russia 864 726 Trinidad &Tobago 48 51 Mauritania 3 3Austria 812 887 Costa Rica 45 21 Moldova 3 2
Saudi Arabia 693 670 Slovenia 43 53 Togo 3 3Thailand 691 686 North Korea 42 34 U.S. Virgin Islands 3 4
Egypt 594 604 Zambia 41 42 Aruba 2 2Luxembourg 485 526 Iran 40 61 Cape Verde 2 2
Czech Republic 482 536 Venezuela 38 30 Democratic Republic of Congo 2 2Barbados 458 547 Colombia 37 47 Equatorial Guinea 2 2
New Zealand 446 440 Ethiopia 37 28 Falkland Islands 2 2Finland 415 363 Zimbabwe 37 31 Sao Tome & Principe 2 4
Pakistan 413 486 Viet Nam 36 42 St Vincent & the Grenadines 2 3Morocco 382 239 Sudan 35 46 Suriname 2 β
Kazakhtstan 367 521 Uganda 32 39 Tajikistan 2 βHungary 362 340 Fiji 29 41 Brunei 1 4
Mexico 361 275 Seychelles 26 27 Burkina Faso 1 2Bulgaria 334 240 Grenada 24 13 Burundi 1 1
South Korea 314 252 Liechtenstein 23 6 Comoros 1 βMalta 310 294 Albania 22 13 Cook islands 1 β
Taiwan 307 220 Belarus 21 19 Djibouti 1 2Israel 305 297 Lebanon 21 19 Dominica 1 4Brazil 282 263 Nepal 21 22 Guinea-Bissau 1 β
Malaysia 231 253 Gambia 20 12 Macao 1 2Nigeria 211 176 Jordan 18 28 Myanmar 1 4
Ukraine 195 76 Papua New Guinea 16 25 Niger 1 2Kenya 182 163 Congo 15 8 Solomon Islands 1 5
Tunisia 182 152 Guinea 14 8 St Helena 1 1Angola 179 226 Panama 14 9 St Kitts & Nevis 1 2
Romania 172 167 Syria 14 20 Swaziland 1 2Jamaica 161 162 Botswana 13 22Croatia 157 176 Gabon 12 6
Philippines 156 173 Sierra Leone 12 6Qatar 149 100 Guyana 11 7Cuba 142 125 Namibia 11 16
Algeria 140 77 Senegal 11 11Indonesia 125 138 Uzbekistan 11 9Maldives 124 127 Yemen 11 7
Iraq 121 91 Cambodia 10 6Sri Lanka 119 124 Cameroon 10 11
1 Any country not included in this table is estimated having Trade in Services of less than Β£500,0002 United Arab Emirates includes Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al Qaiwain, Ras al Khaimah and Fujairah
Β£ million
Chapter 9: Geographical breakdown of current account The Pink Book: 2008 edition
168
US$ million %
The UK as a percentage of:
World US Canada Japan France Germany Italy UK2 G7 total World G7
Exports
1995 1 230 521 217 460 26 128 65 274 84 090 81 838 61 619 84 544 620 953 6.9 13.61996 1 315 397 236 890 29 243 67 712 83 529 85 408 65 660 96 605 665 047 7.3 14.51997 1 364 176 254 317 31 596 69 303 80 790 82 735 66 991 107 366 693 098 7.9 15.51998 1 392 477 260 806 33 836 62 412 84 958 84 507 67 549 114 711 708 779 8.2 16.21999 1 440 044 279 610 36 117 60 998 81 635 83 922 58 788 123 840 724 910 8.6 17.1
2000 1 523 676 295 965 40 230 69 238 80 489 83 150 56 556 124 151 749 779 8.1 16.62001 1 528 678 283 054 38 804 64 516 80 125 88 714 57 676 126 393 739 282 8.3 17.12002 1 646 103 288 789 40 481 65 712 86 160 103 144 60 439 141 262 785 987 8.6 18.02003 1 894 850 301 053 44 242 77 621 98 814 122 560 71 767 167 313 883 370 8.8 18.92004 2 282 504 346 240 49 747 97 611 112 706 144 345 84 524 206 133 1 041 306 9.0 19.8
2005 2 544 590 384 612 55 313 110 210 118 762 155 894 89 204 217 309 1 131 304 8.5 19.22006 2 816 277 418 848 59 332 117 298 118 478 173 115 98 581 244 643 1 230 295 8.7 19.9
Imports
1995 1 255 631 141 500 33 473 122 626 66 117 127 200 55 050 66 924 612 890 5.3 10.91996 1 335 402 150 629 35 906 129 988 67 275 135 977 57 605 74 251 651 631 5.6 11.41997 1 371 654 166 478 38 013 123 454 64 164 129 647 59 227 79 849 660 832 5.8 12.11998 1 393 988 180 666 38 156 111 833 67 728 134 799 63 379 89 851 686 412 6.4 13.11999 1 449 788 199 204 40 573 115 158 63 158 141 001 57 707 98 656 715 457 6.8 13.8
2000 1 540 601 223 740 44 118 116 864 60 691 137 254 55 601 101 405 739 673 6.6 13.72001 1 559 327 221 764 43 843 108 249 62 372 141 916 57 753 101 625 737 522 6.5 13.82002 1 657 569 231 049 45 069 107 940 68 960 145 158 63 166 111 763 773 105 6.7 14.52003 1 886 610 250 328 52 454 111 528 82 898 169 162 74 332 130 351 871 053 6.9 15.02004 2 245 371 292 214 58 990 135 514 98 384 191 257 83 246 154 570 1 014 175 6.9 15.2
2005 2 482 707 315 632 65 333 134 256 105 582 202 684 90 046 170 224 1 083 757 6.9 15.72006 2 710 240 342 817 72 649 135 556 107 995 215 020 100 409 183 628 1 158 074 6.8 15.9
Balances
1995 75 960 β7 345 β57 352 17 973 β45 362 6 569 17 620 8 0631996 86 261 β6 663 β62 276 16 254 β50 569 8 055 22 354 13 4161997 87 839 β6 417 β54 151 16 626 β46 912 7 764 27 517 32 2661998 80 140 β4 320 β49 421 17 230 β50 292 4 170 24 860 22 3671999 80 406 β4 456 β54 160 18 477 β57 079 1 081 25 184 9 453
2000 72 225 β3 888 β47 626 19 798 β54 104 955 22 746 10 1062001 61 290 β5 039 β43 733 17 753 β53 202 β77 24 768 1 7602002 57 740 β4 588 β42 228 17 200 β42 014 β2 727 29 499 12 8822003 50 725 β8 212 β33 907 15 916 β46 602 β2 565 36 962 12 3172004 54 026 β9 243 β37 903 14 322 β46 912 1 278 51 563 27 131
2005 68 980 β10 020 β24 046 13 180 β46 790 β842 47 085 47 5472006 76 031 β13 317 β18 258 10 483 β41 905 β1 828 61 015 72 221
1 G7 country data is not yet available for 20072 The analysis of UK data is based on the all accounts totals shown in
table 3.1
Sources: G7 and world data provided by IMF;UK data provided by ONS
9.14 World total and G7 countries trade in services1