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Geographic and GISGeographic and GIS Research at the National Cancer
I tit t d B dInstitute and Beyond
Dr. Robert Croyle, DirectorDivision of Cancer Control and Population Sciences
About The Division of Cancer Control & SPopulation Sciences
Support and conduct research in epidemiology, surveillance, social and behavioral science health services disparitiesand behavioral science, health services, disparities, implementation, and survivorship.
$454 million total grant dollars awarded in 2011$454 million total grant dollars awarded in 2011
Additional investment in monitoring, methods, and research resources
How Can Geospatial Approaches Ad H lth?Advance Health?
•Incidence and mortality burden
•Expand and improve measures of exposure
•Identify health disparities
•Motivate, and evaluate policy Interventions
•Enhance communication of data
•Generate and test hypotheses concerning cancer control yp g
services and programs
The Landscape of NCI Contributions to G ti l R h T l d RGeospatial Research, Tools, and Resources
Cancer Mapping
Grant Funding
Geospatial Data DevelopmentCancer Mapping Geospatial Data Development
Spatial Statistics Data VisualizationSpatial Statistics
Measurement ToolsT di i li S i
Spatial Analysis and Modeling Pattern Analysis
Measurement ToolsTransdisciplinary Science
Selected NCI Geospatial Activities
Data, Analysis and Measurement Resources• NCCOR Catalogue of Surveillance Systems and Measures Registry (http://www.nccor.org/)• C L A S S - Classification of Laws Associated with School Students (http://class cancer gov/)• C.L.A.S.S. - Classification of Laws Associated with School Students (http://class.cancer.gov/)• Measures of the Food Environment (https://riskfactor.cancer.gov/mfe/)• Small Area Estimates (http://sae.cancer.gov/)• Software (http://surveillance.cancer.gov/software/spatial.html)• State Cancer Profiles (http://statecancerprofiles.cancer.gov/)• Diverse Resources (http://gis.cancer.gov/)
Funding/Research Activities• TREC -Transdisciplinary Research Energetics and Cancer (http://www.trecscience.org/)• GEI - Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/diet/gei/)• Spatial Uncertainty: Data, Modeling, and Communication (R01) (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-
files/PA-11-238.html)• Diet & Physical Activity Assessment (R01) (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-09-224.html) • Obesity Policy Research - Evaluation and Measures (R01) (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-
files/PA-10-027.html)• Geographic and Contextual Influences on Energy Balance-Related Health BehaviorsGeographic and Contextual Influences on Energy Balance Related Health Behaviors
(http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-08-192.html) – Expired 9/8/2011
An Influential Investment in Geographic Analysis of C M t lit /U d t i PCancer Mortality – w/Updates in Progress
http://ratecalc.cancer.gov/p g
Spatial Data Analysis and Visualization for CCancer Research
Weighted Nonparametric Smoothingg p g
Cluster Detection w/Spatial ScansConditioned Chloropleth Maps
More Methods and Tools
• Space-time path tool– Mei-Po Kwan, OSU
• WebDMap http://www.webdmap.com/• WebDMap– Gerry Rushton
St t t k di t l l t• Street network distance calculator– Jon Wilson, Dan Goldberg, USC
• Image processing tool– SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research)( )– Geoffrey Jacquez, BioMedware
Spatial Modeling and Visualization for Tobacco Control
1990
2000
2005
50%
60%
70%
Work
R t t
Percentage of US Counties covered by the Smoke-free laws, 1990 -2010
201020%
30%
40%Restaurant
Bar
0%
10%
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Spatial Data Layers Concerning Cancer Risk F t
Census tract SES data
Factors
Exposure (UV, toxins, pollution)
S ll iSmall area estimates
Community Health Status
Urban sprawl index
Screening frequency
SEP Index
Smoking prevalence
Built environment
User Friendly Interfaces for Spatial DataSEER GIS DashboardsSEER GeoViewer
NCI*SEER GeoPlatform – Promoting Geospatial Thinking and Science across NIH
Obesity
Obesity Atlas SEER CanMap Animator2000Both Female Male
2000 2005 20102005
2010
2000 2005 2010
Adult Poverty
Access to GroceryNo Physical Activity
Preschool
Access to GroceryNo Physical Activity
Obesity
Methods Validation – 1) Comparing Images to Audits
Sidewalk characteristics
Shoulder characteristics
Google Streetview
Quality of environment
it D
omai
n New Images
Public transportation
Street characteristics
Aud
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
Land use
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
Agreement with Field Audits (Kappa)
Wilson et al. 2012 AJPM
Methods Validation– 2) Disposition of Food Outlets from an 8 County Field Census8-County Field Census
D t S # f O tl t Li t d L t d F d b t N t Li t dData Source # of Outlets Listed Located Found but Not Listed(%)
SC Dept. of Health 1694 89.2 696p
Dun and Bradstreet 1573 77.7 985
InfoUSA INC 1657 86 5 774InfoUSA INC. 1657 86.5 774
Liese et al. 2010 AJENCI R21CA132133
PI K i P t i k UCSD
GEI Funded Physical Activity Location Measurement System (PALMS)PI: Kevin Patrick, UCSD
• Aim– To develop a web-based suite of
hardware and software to facilitate research that measures PA and geographic location in time and space
• Status H t t l t GPS d ti i t ti f ti– Heart rate, accelerometer, GPS, and participant satisfaction data collected for proof-of-concept study
– Algorithms to identify types of activities validatedV lid ti i it b d PA i t ti t i l– Validation in a community-based PA intervention trial among Latinos in San Diego on-going
• Dissemination– 61 users in 9 countries; held 2 user group meetings
Measurement and Surveillance Resources
Topical Workshops and Supplements
GIS Infrastructure Workshop 2011
OppNet funded series of three scientific symposia to examine innovativesymposia to examine innovative
developments in the fields of geography and GIScience.
A History of Support for Diverse Transdisciplinary Activities With Significant Geospatial Components
Genes and Environment Geographic, Contextual and
InitiativeNCI, NHLBI, NIDA, NIEHS
Policy Related Funding Opportunity Announcements
Awards from a Recent Program Announcement Geographic and Contextual Influences on Energy Balance-Related
Health Behaviors (PA-08-192)
NCI
N. Colabianchi Effects of the Built Environment, Crime & Food Prices on BMI, Activity & Eating(SC, Michigan) (Moving To Opportunity Study)
M. Wen Neighborhood Built and Social Environment and Physical Activity and WeightM. Wen Neighborhood Built and Social Environment and Physical Activity and Weight (Utah) Status (NHANES)
R. Scribner Community Influences on NHANES Diet and Physical Activity (NHANES) (LSU)
I Cheng Obesogenic Environment: Impact on Breast, Colorectal, and Prostate Cancer (UH Manoa) Risk (Multiethnic Cohort)
NHLBINHLBI
S. Babey Longitudinal Associations of Neighborhood Environment with Obesity and (UCLA) Health (Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey ) - Funded by NHLBI
Current Funding OpportunitiesCurrent Funding Opportunities
• School Nutrition and Physical Activity Policies, Obesogenic Behaviors and
Weight Outcomes (R01, R21, R03)
• Obesity Policy Research: Evaluation and Measures (R01, R21,R03)
• Improving Diet and Physical Activity Assessment (R01, R21)Improving Diet and Physical Activity Assessment (R01, R21)
• Spatial Uncertainty: Data, Modeling, and Communication (R01, R21, R03)
• NCI Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant Program (NCI Omnibus R21)
• NCI Small Grants Program for Cancer Research (NCI Omnibus R03)
(http://dccps.nci.nih.gov/funding.html)
FDA regulation of tobacco products: Opportunities f G hi d GIS R hfor Geographic and GIS Research
• What is the impact of health warnings on quit attempts and cessation among vulnerable populations?
• How do tobacco control brands and branding designed to promote health impact tobacco initiation and use, particularly among vulnerable populations; and how can these impacts best b d?be measured?
• What is the impact of tobacco industry marketing through social media campaigns and other non-traditional communication strategies on tobacco use behavior among vulnerable populations?populations?
• What is the impact of price promotions (including free samples and discounted products) on consumer behavior for various tobacco products, including the impact on non-users starting to use and on individuals in various stages of quitting or contemplating quitting?use, and on individuals in various stages of quitting or contemplating quitting?
• What are the best methods and models for estimating the magnitude and breadth of illicit trade activities related to tobacco products?
http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/nih-fda/
The Future of Geospatial Research at DCCPSp
•A strong commitment to the best possible cancer statisticsA strong commitment to the best possible cancer statistics
•A focus on improving measurement methods
•A growing interest in data visualization for research and health communication
•Significant involvement in mobile health technologies and their roles in cancer control and behavioral researchcancer control and behavioral research
•Recognition of the need to better integrate geospatial thinking into research on cancer, chronic disease, health behavior, and health servicesservices