geobytesgcse_ inner cities_ case study - regeneration of the london docklands

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SUNDAY, MARCH 04, 2007

Inner Cities: Case Study - Regeneration of theLondon Docklands

Regeneration of the London Docklands

In the 1980s in aneffort to reverse the process of inner city decline the UK government set upUrban Development Corporations (known as UDCs). The aim of theseUDCs was to regenerate inner city areas with large amounts of derelict andunuse land by taking over planning responsibility from local councils. TheseUDCs had the power to acquire and reclaim land, convert old buildings andimprove infrastructure through the investment of government money. TheseUDCs also attracted private sector investment through offering companiesreduced taxes and other benefits and in doing so they promoted industrial,residential and community developments.

The London Docklands Development Corporation

During the 19th century, London's port was one of the busiest in the world,but by the end of the 1950s it was in signficant decline with many of thedocks derelict and abandoned. In response to the resulting social, economicand environmental problems the London Docklands DevelopmentCorporation (LDDC) was set up in 1981.

Why did the London Docks go into decline?1. An increase in ship size meant they found it difficult to come down theriver as far as the Isle of Dogs where the river wasn't as deep. (the positionof the docks moved further downstream to Tilbury);2. Containerisation meant few dockers were needed with large cranes usedto lift containers from ships;3. The decline of portside industries and manufacturing

What were the problems in 1981 in the Isle of Dogs?* population had declined* employment was in decline (loss of jobs from decline of docklands* access to the rest of London was poor with narrow roads which wereheavily congested, and a lack of public transport (a single bus route and norail or underground service)* 95%+ of housing was rented and including high density terraced housesand large estates dominated by high rise blocks* Shopping faciliities were limited* Lack of open space and recreation facilities

Who was involved in helping with the regeneration process?Whilst the LDDC was responsible for the planning and redevelopment of theDocklands areas, other organisation have also been involved in the

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redevelopment process, these included:- National Government - they created an Isle of Dogs Enterprise Zone inApril 1982 - offering incentives such as grants, reduced rates etc. toencourage private investment;- Property Developers - responsible for building large office blocks (e.g.Canary Wharf)- Local Housing Association - obtained home improvement grants- Conservation Groups- Newham Council

Changes to the area between 1981 - 1998

EnvironmentalRegeneration- network of pedestrian andcycle routes through the areawith access to the river anddock edge through watersidewalkways- creation of pedestrianbridges- creation of new openspaces (150ha)- Water based Ecology Park and London's first bird sanctuary at East IndiaDock Basin - one of 17 conservation areas set up- planting of 200,000 trees;- the area has now received many awards for architecture, conservationand landscaping

Economic Regeneration- unemployment had fallen from 14%to 7.4 with a doubling in employmentand numbers of businesses;- transport revolution - opening of theDocklands Light Railway in 1987 -now carrying 35,000 passengers aweek;- 7.7 billion in private secotrinvestment

- 2,700 businesses trading- major new roads including link to the M11- Building of the City Airport in the former Royal Docks (500,000+passengers a year)- attraction of financial and high-tech firms,- TV studios and newspapers such as The Guardian now have offices in theprestigious Canary Wharf business complex.

Social Changes- 10 million spent onimprovement council and housingassociation homes- a total of 22,000 new homesbuilt (mainly private ownershipwith approx 19% for rent)- conversion and gentrification of

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old warehouses to new homes- New shopping centre built - including 4,600sq metres Asda Superstoreand refurbishment of shopping parades - also included transformation of olddockland buildings into shopping outlets (e.g. Tobacco Dock)- Large new shopping centre at Canary Wharf with over 30 shops- many restaurants, pubs and cafes built- Docklands Sailing and Watersports Centre- 100 million spent on health, education, job training etc.

How successful was the London Docklands Redevelopment?

Successes:- more trade for local shopkeers- cheaper rents here for large companies yet still the benefit of only being10 minutes from central London- a wide range of economic, environmental and social benefits (see above) -including 22,000 news housing units and 1000s of new jobs.- greatly improved accessibility in and out of docklands- addressed the once failing land, housing and commercial property marketsin the area.

Criticisms:- there were criticismsthat despite theimprovements many ofthese didn't benefit theoriginal 'eastenders' -click on the photoopposite to see some ofthe 'anti-LDDC' graffitti- many locals wereunable to afford the highcosts of the newexpensive houses / flats (still a lack of low-cost housing in the area)- despite an increase in jobs with new businesses coming in, most requiredskills that the old dockers did not have;- reduction in community spirit that the old Docklands had - with the 'yuppie'newcomers not mixing with the eastenders

Follow Up links:Virtual Tour of the London Docklands (excellent site from Wycombe HighSchool - well worth looking at!)

London Docklands QuizLDDC - Isle of Dogs - excellent overview of what has been done in terms of regenerationAbout LDDC (Royal Docks Trust)- good overview looking at what the LDDC was, thetask, what its achievements were and how successful it was

London Docklands Development Corporation (Wikipedia)London Docklands Overview (Wikipedia)London Docklands Case Study (Internet Geography)

Photos credit and sources:

1. I Murray from http://www.geographyphotos.com/ 2. JP Raud Dugal from

http://www.geographyphotos.com/

3. A Stacey from http://www.geographyphotos.com/ 4. I Murray from

http://www.geographyphotos.com/

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Labels: London Docklands, Urban redevelopment, urban regeneration

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adi said...

great stuff!! i really helped me in my casestudy assignment!thanks alot!

2:01 AMsenb0nzakura said...

Thanks loads! This case study has been really useful to aidme in my assignment!

Really Appreciate your effort as a teacher!

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The above lists the number of visits fromcountries around the world since Sunday 6thMay 2007.


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geobytesgcse_ inner cities_ case study - regeneration of the london docklands

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