Chapter Three, Section 2Chapter Three, Section 2CLIMATECLIMATE

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

What’s a happenin’?What’s a happenin’? 19th century Peruvian fishermen found funny

fish functions in the ocean During Christmas time waters would become

very warm, resulting in poor fishing every 2 to 7 years

First, was taken merely as folk knowledge 20th century scientists found global weather

patterns disrupted or altered normal human activity

19th century Peruvian fishermen found funny fish functions in the ocean

During Christmas time waters would become very warm, resulting in poor fishing every 2 to 7 years

First, was taken merely as folk knowledge 20th century scientists found global weather

patterns disrupted or altered normal human activity

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Factors affecting climateFactors affecting climate1) WIND CURRENTS-convection: the transfer of heat in the atmosphere

by upward motion of the air.How do winds work?-sunlight heats atmosphere, air expands, creates

zone of low pressure, cooler dense air in high-pressure zone rushes to low-pressure area causing wind

Global wind patterns: hot air flows towards poles, cold air moves toward equator

Because of tilt of earth, winds bend, called the Coriolis effect.

- in Northern Hemisphere they turn right- in Southern Hemisphere they turn left

1) WIND CURRENTS-convection: the transfer of heat in the atmosphere

by upward motion of the air.How do winds work?-sunlight heats atmosphere, air expands, creates

zone of low pressure, cooler dense air in high-pressure zone rushes to low-pressure area causing wind

Global wind patterns: hot air flows towards poles, cold air moves toward equator

Because of tilt of earth, winds bend, called the Coriolis effect.

- in Northern Hemisphere they turn right- in Southern Hemisphere they turn left

Winds, winds, windsWinds, winds, winds Wind patterns in north and south hemispheres are

mirror images of each other. Winds are identified by direction from which they blow

Wind patterns in north and south hemispheres are mirror images of each other. Winds are identified by direction from which they blow

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

2) OCEAN CURRENTS-Ocean currents are like rivers flowing in the

ocean-they move in circular systems

-warm waters flow away from equator-cold waters flow toward equator

The winds that blow over the ocean currents directly influence climate of lands

Example: Europe is as far north as Canada, but enjoys a milder climate because of the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift

Ocean currents - also affect amount of precipitation. Cold ocean currents flowing along a coastal region chill the air, preventing warm air to release moisture. See California cool and Benguela cool

2) OCEAN CURRENTS-Ocean currents are like rivers flowing in the

ocean-they move in circular systems

-warm waters flow away from equator-cold waters flow toward equator

The winds that blow over the ocean currents directly influence climate of lands

Example: Europe is as far north as Canada, but enjoys a milder climate because of the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift

Ocean currents - also affect amount of precipitation. Cold ocean currents flowing along a coastal region chill the air, preventing warm air to release moisture. See California cool and Benguela cool

Questions for Thought:Questions for Thought:1) How do ocean currents differ

from wind currents?

2) What is general direction of wind and ocean currents?

1) How do ocean currents differ from wind currents?

2) What is general direction of wind and ocean currents?

3) Zones of latitude-there are three general zones: low

or tropical, middle or temperate, high or polar

Tropical: found on either side of equator, extend to Tropics

High-Latitude Polar: encircle North and South Poles

Mid-Latitude Temperate: between tropics and polar regions, greater variation in climate

3) Zones of latitude-there are three general zones: low

or tropical, middle or temperate, high or polar

Tropical: found on either side of equator, extend to Tropics

High-Latitude Polar: encircle North and South Poles

Mid-Latitude Temperate: between tropics and polar regions, greater variation in climate

4) Elevation-As altitude increases, air temperature drops

(about 3.5 degrees F every 1000 feet)-Climates above 12,000 ft. become Artic like

areas

Let’s analyze the map on page 56…Questions for thought - 1 - what climates would you find at 2,500 ft.

elevation? At 15,000 ft.? 22 - what latitude and altitude would you find a

desert climate?3 - Explain how climate zones change as latitude

gets higher

4) Elevation-As altitude increases, air temperature drops

(about 3.5 degrees F every 1000 feet)-Climates above 12,000 ft. become Artic like

areas

Let’s analyze the map on page 56…Questions for thought - 1 - what climates would you find at 2,500 ft.

elevation? At 15,000 ft.? 22 - what latitude and altitude would you find a

desert climate?3 - Explain how climate zones change as latitude

gets higher

Changes in ClimateChanges in ClimateWhy does the climate change?Is it all because of global warming?Is it all because of human activity?Is it fair to blame one reason?Is some climate change good or

benefitial?

Scientists = some human, some natural

Why does the climate change?Is it all because of global warming?Is it all because of human activity?Is it fair to blame one reason?Is some climate change good or

benefitial?

Scientists = some human, some natural

EL NINO (sounds like el nin-yo)EL NINO (sounds like el nin-yo)

Every 2 to 7 years easterly winds over Pacific Ocean SLOW or REVERSE, changing ocean temperature, affecting weather worldwide

EL nino brings warm water and heavy rains to Americas, drought-like conditions to Australia and Asia

When the reverse occurs we have La NINA (sounds like nin-ya)

Every 2 to 7 years easterly winds over Pacific Ocean SLOW or REVERSE, changing ocean temperature, affecting weather worldwide

EL nino brings warm water and heavy rains to Americas, drought-like conditions to Australia and Asia

When the reverse occurs we have La NINA (sounds like nin-ya)

GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMINGControversy exists!Scientists have agreed that air temperatures

have increased by one degree since late 1800s.

Some predictions suggest the increase will be 3.5 degrees within the next century

In part due to earth’s natural warming and cooling cycles

In part due to human activity: greenhouse effect - layer of gases trapped in atmosphere causing higher temperatures

Greenhouse effect caused by petroleum, burning coal

Controversy exists!Scientists have agreed that air temperatures

have increased by one degree since late 1800s.

Some predictions suggest the increase will be 3.5 degrees within the next century

In part due to earth’s natural warming and cooling cycles

In part due to human activity: greenhouse effect - layer of gases trapped in atmosphere causing higher temperatures

Greenhouse effect caused by petroleum, burning coal

HomeworkHomework

Page 58, 1 - 3Page 58, 1 - 3