GENOTYPEBy Babar Ali

A genotype is an individual's collection of genes. The term also can refer to the two alleles inherited for a particular gene. The genotype is expressed when the information encoded in the genes' DNA is used to make protein and RNA molecules. The expression of the genotype contributes to the individual's observable traits, called the phenotype.

Genotype

Currently hepatitis B viruses (HBV) has been designated eight genotype (A-H) based on genome sequence divergen.

The epidimology of HBV genotype, thier implication on natural history and their response to antiviral therapy have become increasingly recognized in both Asian and wastern countries.

Genotype of HBV

World wide distribution

Estimation of HBV

Genotype Subtype

Distribution

A Europe,USA,ASIAAa India,Nepal,JapanAc CameroonAe China,Indonesia,USA

B Germaony,France,USABa China,TaiwanBj Japan

C Japan.Korea,ChinaCe East Asia,ChinaCs Southeast

Asia,BangladeshD Turky,Iran,Brazil,IndiaE West Africa

F Central andsouth America,Brazil

G Germony,FranceH Central andsouth

America,B

Therapeutic difference

The veriance in genotype of HCV is approximately 1/3 between the different genotype.

There are seven major group or genotype numbered 1-7 of HCV ,although some expert belive that there are may be as many 11 genotype.

Genotype of HCV

HCV constantly changes and mutate as the replicate more than 1 trillion HCV virion replicate each day .

During replication process the hepatitis C virus will make “bad” copies or error in genetic make up of the newly replicated virus.

Contineued...

This variability (genotype,subtype,quarspecies) of hepatitis C has made it different to treat and develope vaccine.

Contineued ....

World wide distrbution C genotypeHCV Distribution

1,2,3 World wide

4 Middle East,Africa

5 South Africa

6,7 Southeast Asia

HCV genotype information is important because of the role it plays in HCV medical treatment.

The treatment duration, dose of ribavirin and whether an HCV protease inhibitor will be added to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy are also affected by genotype.

Importance of genotype information

Any question

Presented to: Mr.Aman Ullah (Microbiology)

Presented by: Babar AliDiscipline: Cardiac Perfusion

Thank you…!