Genève & Académie de Grenoble Teachers Programme06 December 2012

International Masterclasses 2013

Presentation courtesy of: Uta Bilow (Technical University of Dresden)

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Concept

• Students are in the position of a scientist

• Students are guided by a Master (lecturer or PhD student)

• Students form international collaboration

• Learn about fundamental subatomic particles and interactions, detectors, accelerators

• Active investigation: Measurements with real data from scientific experiments (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS)

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Motivation• Make modern particle physics data available to students

• Let students explore fundamental forces and building blocks of nature

• Inform students about big questions/potential discoveries in Particle Physics

• Demonstrate the scientific research process

• Stimulate interest in science (proven in refereed evaluation Physics Education 42 (2007) 636-644 )

Topics of fundamental research in science are interesting

Results of HEP research are relevant as cultural knowledge of mankind

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Creating an International Collaboration Video Conference (Int. MC only)

www.physicsmasterclasses.org/index.php?cat=schedule

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Worldwide Participation New countries:

• Romania

• Turkey

• Cyprus

• Palestine

• Egypt

• India

37 countries!

REGISTRATION (SO FAR)

Period: 25.2. – 22.3.2013 (22 days) (21 in 2012)

158 Masterclasses (143) ALICE: 10 (13)

ATLAS W: 50 (42)

ATLAS Z: 58 (53)

CMS: 40 (35)

36 video conferences with CERN (36), with 2-5 institutes

129 institutes registered (117)

+ local masterclasses, teachers´ days

+ U.S. program talk by Ken

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Sample Agenda Int. MCs

LOCAL TIME: ACTIVITY:

8:30 - 9:00 registration & welcome

9:00 - 10:00 introduction to Particle Physics

10:30 - 11:30 second talk or tour

12:00 - 13:00 lunch with tutors

13:00 - 15:00 data analysis, including introduction

15:00 - 16:00 local combination and discussion

16:00 - 17:00 video conference with CERN

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Learn to identify particles

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• Onion-like detectors• Characteristic pattern

for each particle type

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Follow up closely, what the scientists are doing

– Exploit known Standard Model Processes, e.g.

• W+/W- ratio corresponding to (uud) quarks in proton

• Create mass peaks of J/Psi and Z

– Discover new particles

• Higgs WW

• Extra Z Bosons

– Options to do more than counting

• Data quality investigations

• Measurement of distributions in mass, angle etc.

Masterclasses with LHC data

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Students’ results 110

ATLAS W-path measurement• W charge asymmetry and

structure of proton– Measure W+/W- charge ratio

• Search for Higgs: H WW lnln – Measure angle between leptons

• Minerva event display– Histogram plotting – Online spreadsheets EditGrid • 6000 events

– W-events– High-pT electron or muon– Missing transverse energy

– Background (jets, Z, top, …)– 250 simulated WWLink to W-path

Demonstrator

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Students’ results 211

ATLAS W-path results

W+/W- ratioProton = uud (+sea of quarks-antiquarks)

ΔΦ distribution between leptons inppWW+X lnln +XppH+XWW+X lnln +X

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Students’ results 1

ATLAS Z-path measurement• Invariant mass as a tool to identify

known short-lived particles and discover new ones

• Hypatia event display– Identify particle and events– Select di-lepton events– Calculate invariant mass

• J/Ψ, Y, Z (data) and Z’ (MC)• Discussion

– Mass, width, invariant mass concept– Comparison with ATLAS published results

• 10000 real data events– 5000 Z-events (High-pT

electrons or muons)– Other events (DY, W, QCD, J/Ψ,

Y)– 1000 simulated Z’(1TeV)ll

Link to Z-path Demonstrator

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ATLAS Z-path results

J/Ψ Y

Z

Z‘

Standard Model rediscovery at LHC with invariant mass technique• students have (re)discovered the J/Ψ, Y and Z

• the Z’ signal at 1 TeV is Monte Carlo simulated!

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CMS measurement

• Distinguish between Z and W bosons– W+/W- , e/m ratios– Z-mass– Unexpected particles (J/ , )y U

• iSpy online 3D event display

• 1900 Events: – W and Z, Background, “Mystery”

events 2-12 GeV– Students sort events by:

• Lepton flavor (e or m).• Candidacy (W or Z).• Charge (W+ or W-).

Link to CMS measurement

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ALICE measurement• Proton-proton data• V0 finder and cascade finder• Recognize from decay pattern

– K0s, , , L Anti- Λ,

• Calculate invariant mass – Classify according to mass, fill tables &

histograms

• Compare with Monte Carlo: Production of strangeness under-predicted in the MC (agrees with ALICE paper)– strangeness enhancement as a telltale

signal of Quark Gluon Plasma

Link to ALICE measurement

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ALICE 2012 – strange particles

• Analyze big event sample (2000 events)

• Invariant mass histograms for Ks, L, anti-L

• Fit 2nd degree polynomial to background + Gaussian to peak

• Get number of Ks, L, anti-L after background subtraction

• Introduced later• Sample with 21000 pp

events• Sample of 1500 PbPb

events

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E-learning Platforms and Tools used• ATLAS

– Minerva (M. Wielers, P. Watkins, T. McLaughlan et al)http://atlas-minerva.web.cern.ch

– Hypatia (C. Kourkoumelis et al.)http://hypatia.phys.uoa.gr

– Under construction: Camelia (M. Barnett, J. Pequenao)http://amelia.sourceforge.net

• CMS– iSpy online (M. Hategan, K. Cecire et al.)

in collaboration with Quarknet (US)www12.i2u2.org/elab/cms/event-display

• ALICE– ALICE measurement (P. Debski, Y. Foka et al.)

http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/static/Pictures/pictures_High_Resolution/MasterClassWebpage.html

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Participation in Int. MCs

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

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100

120

140

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Institutes US program

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

100020003000400050006000700080009000

Participants

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

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10

15

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25

30

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Countries

•Growing participation•Also more local Masterclasses in the future

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Refereed evaluation in Physics Education 42 (2007) 636-644

severity: just right !

success independent of a-priori knowledge and gender !

2 more scientific evaluations are currently in process! • Konrad Jende: ATLAS W-path in Int. MCs• Kerstin Gedigk: Netzwerk Teilchenwelt (local MCs in Germany)

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Most important correlation

Understanding the scientific research process generates interest in (especially modern) physics !