genetics i. introduction a. a. history. 1. c. c. darwin & a. a. wallace blending 2. g. g....
TRANSCRIPT
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Genetics
I. Introduction
A. History
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1. C. Darwin & A. Wallace blending2. G. Mendel & F. Unger mixing3. W. Sutton Chromosomal theory of Inheritance
4. T. Morgan Genes & Chromosomes plus linkage groups
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5. A. Sturtevant genetic mapping6. F. Griffith hereditary molecule7. O. Avery etal. DNA hereditary molecule8. B. McKlintock Transposons
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9. W. Fiers sequenced viral gene
10. A. Jeffreys DNA finger printing11. 1995 Viral DNA sequenced12. 1996 yeast DNA sequenced13. 1998 round worm DNA sequenced14. 2003 human DNA sequenced
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II. Mendelian
1. Monohybrid Cross
A. Experimental Design
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a. Definitionb. Terms
i. Self vs. Cross Fertilization
ii. Traits vs. Characteristics
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c. Process
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c. Process
Figure 14.2
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c. Process
Figure 14.3
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Figure 14.4
d. Principle traits are paired and sorted
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d. Principle traits are paired and sorted
Figure 14.5
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i. Gene versus Allele
ii. Homozygous versus Heterozygous
iii. Dominance versus Recessive
iv. Genotype versus Phenotype
e. Terms
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Figure 14.6
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f. Testcross
Figure 14.7
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f. Testcross
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2. Dihybrid Cross
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a. Definitionb. ProcessStart by figuring out how many and type
of gametesFigure 14.8
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Dihybrid Heterozygous cross =
Phenotypic ratio= 9:3:3:1, Genotypic ratio= 1:1:2:2:4:2:2:1:1
Dihybrid Heterozygous cross Homozygous Dominant =
Phenotypic ratio = all dominant, Genotypic ratio = 1:1:1:1
c. Principle Each pair of alleles and chromosomes sort independently into gametes.
AaBb X AABBGametes AaBb = AB, Ab, aB, & ab; AABB=
AB only
PracticeAaBb X AaBbGametes AaBb = AB, Ab, aB, & ab
for both
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III. Variation on MendelA.
Dominance
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AA aa
Aa
2. Co-dominance
1. Complete
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3. Incomplete dominance
Figure 14.10
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B. Gene Interactions
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1. Multiple Alleles
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2. Pleitrophy
3. Penetrance
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C. Beyond Mendel
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1. Epistasis
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2. Polygenic
Figure 14.11
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2. PolygenicFigure
14.12
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IV. Classical GeneticsA. History
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Figure 14.9
1. R. Punnet & W. Bateson ???
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a. Drosophila melangastor
Figure 15.3
WHY?
2. T. Morgan Genes & Chromosomes, Karyotyping, plus linkage groups
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Figure 15.4
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b. Genetic Recombination
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b. Genetic Recombination
Figure 15.5
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b. Genetic Recombination
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3. A. Sturtevant Genetic MappingBased on frequency of expression of traits
showing together
Figure 15.6
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Based on frequency of expression of traits showing together
3. A. Sturtevant Genetic Mapping
Figure 15.7
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Based on frequency of expression of traits showing together
3. A. Sturtevant Genetic Mapping
Figure 15.8
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B. Sex Linkage
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1. Basis of SEX
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1. Basis of SEX
Figure 15.9
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1. SEX linked inheritance
Figure 15.9
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a. Barr BodiesFigure
15.11
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V. Detection of ProblemsA.
Techniques
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1. Karyotyping2. Amniocentesis == Cellular and Chemical Analysis
Figure 14.17
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3. Ultrasound4. Chorionic Villi Sampling == Cellular and Chemical Analysis
Figure 14.17
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5. Fetal Tissue Sampling
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6. Pedigree Analysis
Figure 14.14
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6. Pedigree Analysis
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6. Pedigree Analysis
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Learning can be such sweet sorrow.