genetic stock structure of skagit river basin winter steelhead
DESCRIPTION
Genetic Stock Structure of Skagit River Basin winter steelhead. Todd W. Kassler and Kenneth I. Warheit Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. March 13 - 15, 2012. Acknowledgements. Seattle City Light Ed Connor, Dave Pflug Skagit River System Cooperative - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Genetic Stock Structure of Skagit River Basin winter steelhead
Todd W. Kassler and Kenneth I. Warheit
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
March 13 - 15, 2012
Acknowledgements Seattle City Light
Ed Connor, Dave Pflug
Skagit River System Cooperative Eric Beamer, Bob Hayman, Pete Kairis, Jade Luckhurst, Jeff Meyer,
Larry Wasserman
Upper Skagit Tribe Rebecca Bernard, Jon-Paul Shannahan
WA Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) Brett Barkdull, Cheryl Dean, Curt Kraemer, Anne Marshall, Steve Stout
Wild Fish Conservancy
Bill McMillan
Background
Joint project between Seattle City Light, Skagit River System Cooperative, Upper Skagit Tribe, WA Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), Wild Fish Conservancy
Project objective is to assess the genetic diversity of steelhead and resident O.mykiss in the Skagit River basin
78 Collections were made – 2,634 individuals were analyzed adults – 30 collections – 625 individuals
juveniles – 22 collections – 714 individualsresident O.mykiss – 21 collections – 950 individualsfishery samples – 5 collections – 345 individuals
Genetic analysis using 15 microsatellite DNA loci
Background
Individuals with cutthroat alleles were identified
Cutthroat alleles have been identified in previous analysis using known cutthroat samples
If individual had only one cutthroat allele the genotype at the locus was zeroed. If an individual had more than one cutthroat allele the entire individual was dropped
Collections – AdultsCode Location Life Stage Total N
08DQ, 09BN, 10AO, 11BI upper Skagit River adults 81
09BM*, 10AS mid Skagit River adults 42
10LG mid Skagit R. ¼ pounders adults 10
10AQ Suiattle River adults 51
81AAA, 83AAA, 08DR, 08MS,09DU, 10AR, 11BN Sauk River adults 148
10CQ, 11BK Finney Creek adults 53
08LF, 09CF, 10AN Marblemount Hatchery adults 151
10KA Marblemount early timed adults 18
10MZ Chilliwack Hatchery adults 71
* - collection included telemetry samples
Collections – JuvenilesCode Location Life Stage Total N
07MT, 10AZ upper Skagit River juveniles 68
09EI, 10AY lower Skagit River juveniles 48
07MU, 08MK, 09IY, 10BB County Line Ponds juveniles 74
07MS, 10BA Bacon Creek juveniles 57
09IZ, 10BC Goodell Creek juveniles 88
09EE, 10AV lower Cascade River juveniles 98
10AW Suiattle River juveniles 60
10AX Sauk River juveniles 50
10BK Diobsud Creek juveniles 47
09EH, 10AT Finney Creek juveniles 105
Collections – resident O. mykiss
Code Location Life Stage Total N
09ES, 10BF N.F. Cascade River residents 98
09EU, 10BG Big Creek (trib to Suiattle River) residents 96
09ET, 10BE Clear Creek (trib to Sauk River) residents 98
09EV, 10BD upper Finney Creek residents 85
09EL, 10AU Baker River above Baker Lake residents 74
06AF, 09MA, 10BH Ross Lake residents 135
02FB Roland Creek residents 97
05NG Dry Creek residents 62
09JA, 10BI Stetattle Creek residents 76
09JB, 10BJ Blackwater Creek residents 67
Collections – adults, juveniles, and residents
Location Adults Juveniles Residents
N.F. Cascade River 09DS, 10AP (4) 09EE (49) 09ES, 10BF (98)10AV (49)
Suiattle River (Big Creek) 10AQ, 11BM (51) 10AW (60) 09EU (46)10BG (50)
Sauk River (Clear Creek) 81AAA, 83AAA, 10AX (50) 09ET, 10BE (98)09DU, 10AR, 11BN (130)
upper Finney Creek 10CQ, 11BK (53) 09EH (54) 09EU (46)10AT (51) 10BD (48)
Laboratory Methods
DNA was extracted from an assortment of different tissue types
PCR amplification was performed using microsatellite loci Amplified products were run through an ABI-3730 Genetic
Analyzer Microsatellite electropherograms were scored using
GENEMAPPER software v.3.7 Microsatellite data was binned using SPAN allele naming
Comparisons for Data Analyses -
HW and Genotypic Differentiation • Temporal collections were grouped
Adult collections - 9 groups Juvenile collections - 14 groups Resident collections - 16 groups
Adults and Juveniles Adults, Juveniles, and Residents same watershed
Adu
lt C
olle
ctio
ns -
GEN
ETIX Chilliwack
Skagit natural-origin
Marblemount
Adu
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Pai
rwis
e F S
T
upper Skagit middle Skagit Suiatle Sauk Finney Nat vs Nat
upper Skagit **** 0.0002 0.0008 0.0005 0.0007 0.0006
middle Skagit **** -0.0012 0.0004 0.0006
Suiatle **** -0.0006 0.0039
Sauk **** 0.0011
Finney ****
Hoh R. Natural
S.F. Hoh R. Natural
up Hoh R.
Bogachiel R.
Calawah R.
Solduc R. Natural Nat vs Nat
Hoh R. Natural **** -0.0013 -0.0010 0.0025 -0.0004 0.0007 0.0004
S.F. Hoh R. Natural **** -0.0029 0.0001 -0.0014 0.0032
upper Hoh R. Natural **** 0.0064 0.0015 0.0019
Bogachiel R. Natural **** -0.0028 0.0008
Calawah R. Natural **** -0.0007
Solduc R. Natural ****
Adult Collections – Natural vs Natural
Adu
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olle
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ns –
Pai
rwis
e F S
TAdult Collections – Natural vs Hatchery
upper Skagitmiddle Skagit Suiatle Sauk Finney
winter Hat vs Nat
Marblemount 0.0196 0.0230 0.0254 0.0263 0.0199 0.0208
Chiliwack 0.0193 0.0161 0.0189 0.0176 0.0222
Hoh R. NaturalS.F. Hoh R.
Naturalup Hoh R.
NaturalBogachiel R. Natural
Calawah R. Natural
Solduc R. Natural
winter Hat vs Nat
Cook Cr. Hatchery 0.0179 0.0189 0.0223 0.0334 0.0317 0.0256 0.0238
Salmon R. Hatchery 0.0292 0.0278 0.0297 0.0416 0.0421 0.0375
Bogachiel R. Hatchery 0.0192 0.0180 0.0224 0.0265 0.0257 0.0233Clipped
STHD in Hoh R. 0.0159 0.0121 0.0189 0.0276 0.0258 0.0235
Elochoman R. Hatchery 0.0155 0.0133 0.0156 0.0199 0.0156 0.0183
Adu
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STR
UC
TUR
E
Adu
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STR
UC
TUR
EFigure 2. Structure plot showing percent membership of each individual steelhead and the population average into the groups that STRUCTURE found in the dataset. Individuals with more than one color in the bar likely have mixed ancestry. The group number identifies the collections with similar ancestry.
Adult / Juvenile Collections - STRUCTURE
Res
iden
t Col
lect
ions
- G
ENET
IX
Cascade
Big Cr. Clear Cr.
Baker/Finney
upper Skagit
Blackwater
Resident Collections – STRUCTURE (K = 7)
Adults, Juveniles, and Residents - GENETIX
Cascade Sauk
Suiattle Finney
Conclusions
Natural-origin Adult steelhead in the Skagit Basin are not differentiated
Natural and Hatchery-origin steelhead are differentiated
Juvenile steelhead in Skagit Basin are not differentiated from the Adult collections
Percentage of hatchery ancestry in natural-origin collections of Adult and Juvenile steelhead is about the same
Resident collections are differentiated to steelhead collections (Adults and Juveniles)