general/notes 7.1
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CHAPTER 7Gravitation
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UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION
What is Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation and how do I apply it?
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE
Original model?
Copernicus – 1543
Brahe – 1560
No telescopes, measurements over 20 years
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KEPLER
Brahe’s assistant
Applied geometry to the data
Sun is in the center
Orbits are ellipse shaped
Planets move faster closer to the sun
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NEWTON
The apple falls, where does this force come from?
How does this apply to the motion of planets?
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NEWTON
Third Law
Can be thought of as a force of attraction
Directly proportional to the masses of the objects
Can also be called gravitational force
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
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LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION
• Measures the force of attraction between any two objects
• As small as electrons, as large as planets
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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE VARIABLES
Between F and m
Between F and r?
What if we double m1?
What if we double r?
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INVERSE SQUARE LAW
According to Newton’s equation, F is inversely related to the square of the distance.
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SOLVING FOR VARIABLES
F can be Fg
If so, solve for g
Application?
Solve for mE
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EXAMPLE
Find g if r = 1.5 m, density = 3.3 x 103 kg/m3
What would happen if the prince jumped upward?
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HOMEWORK
Page 191 # 55 – 60, 64
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G ?!
100 years after Newton
Cavendish – 1798
Confirmed that there is a gravitational attraction between two objects
Enabled the calculation of the mass of the Earth
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MEASURING G
Original spheres were lead
Worked for any materials
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HOMEWORK
Worksheet