General Properties of Matter• Volume: the amount of space occupied by a

substance/object.• Mass: amount of matter in a substance/object.• Weight: measurement of the pulling force of

gravity on a substance/object.• Matter: anything that occupies space and has

mass.1. All matter has both volume and mass.2. Matter is made up of molecules, molecules are made of atoms, atoms are made of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, electrons

• Density = mass divided by volume (mass/volume)1. Density of an object/substance tells us how much matter is in that particular area. 2. The closer molecules are to each other or compacted, the denser the substance/object.

GAS

LIQUID

SOLID

3 STATES OF MATTER

Measuring items using the Metric System.

• METRIC SYSTEM - based on units of ten; (power of ten)

• Distance in meters (m)

• Weight in grams (g)• Liquid is liters (l)• Temperature in

celsius (‘C)

Mnemonic Sentence

Metric Prefixes

kings have Dashed my dreams cried maryi

l

o

1000

e

c

t

o

100

e

c

a

10

1

e

t

r

e

e

c

i

1/10

e

n

t

i

1/100

i

l

l

i

1/1000

A Mnemonic

Measuring linear objects (distance)• LINEAR - measuring in a straight,

one dimensional line • MICROMETER (µm) 1000um=1mm• MILLIMETER (mm)- one thousandth

of a meter. 1000mm=1m • CENTIMETER (cm)- one hundredth

of a meter = .3937 inch. 100cm=1m • DECIMETER (dm) - one-tenth of a

meter. 10dm=1m• METER (m)– standard unit. 1m=1m• DEKAMETER (dam) – 10 meters• HECTOMETER – 100 meters• KILOMETER (km)– 1000 meters

Measuring using Centimeter/Millimeter

• Meter stick. The simplest way to measure length is to use an ordinary meter stick. In the laboratory, our meter sticks are carefully calibrated in centimeters with a millimeter least count. That is, the millimeter is the smallest subdivision on the meter stick, which can be seen in Figure 1. This means the millimeter is the unit of the smallest reading that can be made without estimating.

Figure 1. This meter stick is calibrated in centimeters (shown as the numbered major divisions) with a least count of millimeters.

Figure 2. An example of a meter stick reading. The object's length is measured to be 41.6 cm.

Did you know that• a blue whale is 33.6 m

long?

a giant squid is 17 m long?

the eucalyptus plant can reach 132 m in height?

the tallest man is 2.72 m in height?

the deepest roots reach 120 m into the soil?

Measuring Area of a object

• The area of simple square or rectangular objects is obtained by multiplying the length of the object times its width.

• A=L x W

Measuring Volume of regular-shaped objects

• Multiply length x width x height. The length, width and height are measured in centimeters (in this example). The volume is measured in cm3 (cubic centimeters).

• V=L x W x H

Measuring things you can not see.• A microscope can be

used not only to see very small things, but also to measure them.  Things seen in microscopes are so small that centimeters or even millimeters are too big.  As a result, micrometers (or microns) are used.    A micrometer, also written µm, is one thousandth of a millimeter - it's 10-6m. 

• .000001 µm= 1m

Microscope Eyepiece

• a micrometer eyepiece is used in place of the standard eyepiece of the microscope.  This has a series of numbered lines inside of it which make it look like a ruler.

• Cells are supposed to be between 10 and 30µm,

Measuring irregular-shaped objects

• For solids that have an irregular shape, the displacement method must be used to determine their volume.

• Choose a graduated cylinder large enough to hold the object. Fill the cylinder half-way with water

Measuring irregular-shaped objects

• Note the exact volume of the water. Add the object to the water in the cylinder, taking care not to splash the water out of the cylinder. Note the new volume in the graduated cylinder. Then subtract the beginning volume from the ending volume and you have the volume of the object

1ml of water is equal to 1 cubic centimeter of water, the volume of the object is equal to the new volume in the graduated cylinder minus the original volume of water. (1ml = 1cm3)

Meniscus Madness

• When measuring liquid volume it is important to read the graduated cylinder correctly. Your eye should be level with the top of the liquid and you should read the bottom of the

meniscus.

Mass (weight)• Mass is the amount of

matter that makes up an object.

•  Gram (g) is a metric unit used to measure the mass of small objects.

•  Kilogram (kg) is equal to 1,000 grams, so it is used to measure the mass of larger objects.

                                             

                         

mgcgdggDghg

1/1000 g1/100 g1/10 g1 g10 g100 g1000 g

milligramcentigramdecigramgramDecagramhectogramkilogram

Units of Mass

The principal unit of mass in the metric system is the gram (g)Bigger Smaller

1 Tonne = 1000 kg 1kg = 1000 g 1 g = 1000 mg

kg

Sugar1 kg

3 tonnes

(3000 kg)

1g = mass of 1ml/cc of water

Measuring Mass (weight)• Kilogram (kg) is 1000

grams. 1kg=1000g• Hectogram (hg) is 100

grams. 1hg=100g • dekagram (dag) is 10

grams. 1dag=10g• gram (g) is the basic unit

of mass. 1g=1g • decigram (dg) is 1/10

gram. 10dg=1g • centigram (cg) is 1/100

gram. 100cg=1g • milligram (mg) is 1/1000

gram. 1000mg=1g

A Balance Scale is used to measure mass in most laboratories

Triple beam balance

Used to measure mass in a laboratory

Liters- measure volume of a liquid• You can use the

same prefixes as we did in mass and length, but mainly

Milliliter (mL)Liter (L)1000mL=1L

2 liter pop (2L)

Lab Equipment that is used to measure liquid volume

graduated-cylinder Beaker

m LcLd LLD Lh L

1/1000 L1/100 L1/10 L1 L10 L100 L1000 L

millilitercentiliterdeciliterlitreDecaliterhectoliterkiloliter

Units of Liquid Volume

The principal unit of capacity in the metric system is the liter (L)

Bigger Smaller

1L = 1000 mL 1 L = 100 cL 1 cL= 10 mL

1 Litre

1000 mL

330 ml70 cl

1 kilolitre

1000 litrer

k L

1 mL/ of water has a mass of

1 gram

Measuring liquid volume using a Pipette and vacuum bulb.

• A pipette is designed to deliver a specific volume of a liquid.

• Much like using a eye dropper

NEVER USE YOUR MOUTH TO DRAW LIQUID INTO THE PIPETTE!

Converting in the metric (SI) system

• S L (converting from smaller to larger)

• L S (converting from larger to smaller)

• Always move the decimal in the direction of the arrow.

• Examples1. Convert 1cm to mm (L S decimal

moves 1 place to right 1.0cm = 10mm)

2. Convert 10mg to cg (S L decimal moves 1 place to left. 10mg = 1.0cg)

1.

• Steve puts 100 g of turkey into each turkey sandwich. How many kilograms of turkey does he need for 20 sandwiches?

2.

• A penny has a mass of about 3 g. About what is the mass of a roll of 50 pennies?

3.

• Each apple pie that Nicole makes has a mass of 600 g. She makes 10 pies. Is this more or less than 5 kilograms?

4.

• A large salad makes 3 servings. Each serving is 80 grams. How many grams does a large salad make?

5.

• A garbage can can hold 100 kg. Phil has 85 kg of trash and 9000 g of cans. Can he pack them all into the garbage can?

Answers to Mass Problems

1. 2kg2. 150g3. More4. 240g5. Yes