general procedural model for problem solving john a. cagle adapted from adams & galanes
TRANSCRIPT
General Procedural Model for Problem Solving
John A. Cagleadapted from Adams & Galanes
Stages in Preparing a SpeechDecision to
Speak
Purpose &Subject
InformationNeeds
Evaluate information
Personal
Interviews
Books
Periodicals
Internet
Organize
Language
Practice
DeliverSpeech
EvaluateResults
Create thesis &arguments
Stages in Group Problem Solving
Exigency:Decision to act
Nature of problem& fact finding
Information needs
Evaluate information
Decide onbest solution
Developimplementation
plan
Plan & deliverreport
EvaluateResults
Generate possiblesolutions
PersonalInterviewsBooksPeriodicalsInternet
Evaluate possiblesolutions
PMOPS: General Procedural Model for Problem Solving
What is the nature of the problem facing us? What might be done to solve the problem? What are the relative merits and demerits of
the possible solutions? What is the best decision we can all support? How will we put our solution into effect? How can we prepare an effective written and
oral report?
Action Items
Owner Due DateDescription
Matin 2/14/10 how many people killed in Fresno County by drunk drivers a year
Banu 2/14/10 how many arrests made each year of drunk drivers
Joua 2/14/10 what % of drunk drivers get arrested
Danny 2/16/10 what are current ways of solving problem
I. What is the nature of the problem facing us? A. Focus on the problem before thinking
about how to solve it. B. Begin with a single, unambiguous
problem question. – 1. Problem questions focus on the problem
(the undesirable state) and imply that many solutions are possible
– 2. Solution questions focus on what to do, suggesting a solution in the question itself
I. What is the nature of the problem facing us?
C. Fact Finding: “Map” the problem carefully: who, what, why, when, where, how, how long, how serious
D. Be sure the group members agree on criteria [alternatively: Phase III task]
– 1. Absolute criteria must be met– 2. Important criteria should be met
I. What is the nature of the problem facing us?
E. Be sure the group understands its interdependence, authority, autonomy resources, and relationship to other groups.
II. What might be done to solve the problem? A. Defer judgment when seeking
solutions. B. Return to fact finding when new
questions arise.
III. What are the relative merits and demerits of the possible solutions?
A. Analyze and evaluate the potential solutions against the criteria
B. Promote norms stressing critical examination of all issues.
IV. What is the best solution we can all support? A. Which solution seems most likely to
be accepted and supported by all persons affected by it?
B. Is there a compromise solution we can all accept as being likely to solve our problem?
C. Can we combine these ideas, or parts of them, into a solution?
V. How will we put our solution into effect? A. Who will do what, when, and in what
way? B. What resources are needed? C. Develop an implementation plan as
complete as possible
VI. Reports
A. Write a persuasive written report to the appropriate parent body.
B. Plan an effective and persuasive oral presentation of the report.